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Topic: Chinese Marxism

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	RRojas Databank: The Róbinson Rojas Archive.-Chinese marxism. Routledge
		Typical of the Maoist form of Chinese Marxism is the position that 'masses' refers primarily to the peasantry, a source of important raw data.
		Chinese Marxists extended the analogy of the individual's acquisition of knowledge to the mass line or to the leadership style required by democratic centralism.
		Hu's thesis was that it is acceptable to incorporate humanism into Chinese Marxism when the term stands simply for routine ethical considerations, such as being kind to an elderly or sick person, but it is not permissible to treat it as a theory of history or as something generating a serious standard.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /china11.htm (6315 words)

	Home > News & Updates > Brave New China
		Marxism, on the other hand, claims that technology alienates human beings only when it is controlled by capitalist ownership, or when it separates human beings from the products of their labor.
		Chinese authocrats and Western intellectuals will make apologies for China by claiming that Chinese thought, far removed as it is from Western philosophy and religion, lacks a concept of scientific and technological hubris, and therefore lacks sufficient grounds for resisting the Western concept of exploiting nature.
		In traditional Chinese medical education, prospective physicians were instructed in the classics of philosophy and poetry, in the arts and habits of moral reflection, and in the respect for human life, regardless of social rank or individual strength.
	www.eppc.org /news/newsID.1380/news_detail.asp (2443 words)

	Chinese
		Chinese translation of the supressed letter of Chen Duxiu "To all Members of the Chinese Communist Party".
		Chinese translation of "Marxism, Socialism and the new millennium" By Ted Grant and Rob Sewell (January, 3, 2000)
		Chinese translation of "A Manifesto for the 21st Century" (new introduction to the Communist Manifesto) By Alan Woods (November, 26, 1997)
	www.marxist.com /chinese.htm (294 words)

	CHAPTER VII
		The victory of Marxism is due to the fact that the Chinese communists combined Marxism tactically with Chinese social and revolutionary practice; they made of Marxism an ideological weapon against feudalism and imperialism, leading thereby to the founding of New China.
		On the one hand, Marxism became the spiritual main-stay or guiding principle of all action and played the dominant role in the New China; on the other hand, Marxism was confronted with a series of new problems, among which how to build China into a modern socialist country was the most important.
		For a proper wedding of Marxism and Chinese culture it is necessary to analyze and study traditional Chinese culture scientifically and objectively form the standpoint of Marxism, which process is itself a work of combination.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-13/chapter_vii.htm (2033 words)

	Humanism as the Theme of Chinese Modernity
		To wit, humanism is, to Chinese scholars, merely one of the themes of the twentieth century, and a theme that was brought forth after the appearance of the Enlightenment and modernity in China.
		The Chinese Enlightenment in the 1980s is a wide and complicated social trend of thought, including in the theme of "Enlightenment" various dissimilar factors of thought with the common target of criticizing the existing socialism.
		The contemporary Chinese renwenzhuyi scholars insist that renwenzhuyi must be a sort of culture of the intellectual elite and a concern for value that will also be the basis for the intellectual elite to insure the dignity of the humanities, the social position of pioneers, and the leadership of culture.
	www.pum.umontreal.ca /revues/surfaces/vol5/hui.html (4953 words)

	What Is To Be Undone - Chapter Ten
		For the Chinese such passages are not abstract philosophical rhetoric but rather a useful outlook that "teaches us primarily how to observe and analyze the movement of opposites in different things, and on the basis of such analysis, to indicate the methods for resolving contradictions," and thus for changing real situations in desirable ways.
		We who are engaged in the Chinese revolution should not only understand the particularity of these contradictions in their totality, that is, in their interconnections, but should also study the two aspects of each contradiction as the only means of understanding the totality.
		Chinese strategy also diverges: the two things we wish most to discuss are the questions of organization and leadership, and the question of the links between revolutionary means and revolutionary ends.
	zena.secureforum.com /znet/WITBU/witbu10.html (16932 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chinese military holds a positive attitude on developing friendly relations of cooperation with the Greek military and, based on the principle of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefits, is willing to further advance friendly cooperation between our two militaries at various levels and in various fields.
		The Chinese government, which has been hoping the Philippine government could launch an effective rescue operation, is deeply saddened by and regrets the death of two Chinese hostages, which inflicted enormous pain and loss on the families of the deceased.
		Chinese Ambassador to DPRK Wang Guozhang, Chinese Embassy officials, and Chinese students studying in the DPRK were also present at the airport to welcome Jiang Zemin.
	www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /oasien/china/service/bbc/010904.txt (14619 words)

	Arif Dirlih, The Origins of
		The May Fourth Movement was, of course, a `Cultural Revolution', and whilst noting that Meisner sees `populism' as a salient feature of Chinese `Marxism' from Li Dazhao to Mao, the writer drops the significant hint that `some have blamed the "Anti Party" activities of the Cultural Revolution upon Anarchism' (p271).
		As opposed to the first healthy instincts of the founders of Chinese Marxism, `decisions concerning the revolution were made for them by others, who claimed political superiority because they commanded theoretical superiority' (p98), leading to `rocky relations' (p197) and mutual mistrust (p267).
		Having awakened Chinese Marxism, the Comintern, first of all of Zinoviev, and then of Stalin, stifled it, and a real examination of China in the light of a critical analysis had to wait until after the defeat of 1927, when it was too late to have a positive effect.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol2/No4/China.html (1309 words)

	Chinese Marxism and Its Challengers, by Richard J. Smith
		In discussing Chinese beliefs and values, as with all other realms of Chinese culture, we must constantly keep in mind variations that exist by virtue of differences in region, class, educational level, age and gender.
		One reason is that, as in the past, Chinese nationalism proved to be an extremely effective device for providing a sense of solidarity in times of social unrest and political uncertainty.
		From the standpoint of Chinese nationalists, the United States seems to be trying to divide China territorially, subvert it politically, contain it strategically, and frustrate it economically.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~tnchina/commentary/smithrjmarxismchallenge0202.html (9687 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Marxism study shows new vitality in China
		The study of Marxism is showing signs of a resurgence in China's academic circles with a booming number of programs and institutions specialized in the subject.
		Marxism was first introduced into China at the beginning of the 20th Century.
		Wu said the development of Marxism in China was not always a smooth journey and it had encountered obstacles at different stages.
	english.people.com.cn /200705/24/eng20070524_377724.html (530 words)

	China Debates the Future Security Environment
		Chinese analysts point out that nearly 50 percent of the weapons and equipment for the Gulf War had to be carried by foreign ships and foreign aircraft because the United States lacked strategic airlift and sealift.
		Chinese use of tunneling and mountainous areas for command centers and protection of army, navy, and air force equipment dates back to the Korean War and is often described with pride in Chinese historical accounts.
		Chinese missiles have "on several occasions downed U.S.-made U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance planes, causing a great shock to the United States." The HQ-2 surface-to-air guided missile made by China is acclaimed to have a "killing probability" of "no less than 90 percent" when three missiles are launched simultaneously within the effective range of about 30 kilometers.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/2000/part05.htm (12218 words)

	Richardson: Reviews - Origins of Chinese Communism
		The model constructed by the author begins with a loose network of circles of intellectuals with a diffuse and abstract Anarchist/populist ideology concerned mainly with problems of culture, whose limitations are painfully revealed in the defeat of the May Fourth Movement.
		In the case of Mao Zedong the writer supports Scalapino’s analysis that the strongest influence on him in 1919 was Kropotkin, whose thought he described as “broader and more far-reaching” than that of “the party of Marx” (p.178), and which he continued to support until the end of 1920 (p.206).
		The May Fourth Movement was, of course, a ‘Cultural Revolution’;, and whilst noting that Meisner sees ‘populism’ as a salient feature of Chinese ‘Marxism’ from Li Dazhao to Mao, the writer drops the significant hint that “some have blamed the ‘Anti Party’ activities of the Cultural Revolution upon Anarchism” (p.271).
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol2/no4/china.html (1311 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party
		Today the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)¡¯s violence and abuses are even more severe than those of the tyrannical Qin Dynasty.
		The 55-year history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is written with blood and lies.
		Those who are current members of the CCP or its affiliated organizations are resigning their membership with these statements; former members sever all association with these organizations.
	ninecommentaries.com (742 words)

	Powell's Books - Aesthetics and Marxism: Chinese Aesthetic Marxists and Their Western Contemporaries (Post-Contemporary ...
		Although Chinese Marxism--primarily represented by Maoism--is generally seen by Western intellectuals as monolithic, Liu Kang argues that its practices and projects are as diverse as those in Western Marxism, particularly in the area of aesthetics.
		In this comparative study of European and Chinese Marxist traditions, Liu reveals the extent to which Chinese Marxists incorporate ideas about aesthetics and culture in their theories and practices.
		Far from being secondary considerations in Chinese Marxism, aesthetics and culture are in fact principal concerns.
	www.powells.com /biblio?isbn=0822324253 (415 words)

	Maurice J
		Li Ta-chao and the Origins of Chinese Marxism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.
		Part one deals with Li Ta-chao’s intellectual origins before he became a Marxist. Certain of Li’s strong beliefs ran through his entire life. At the very beginning of his intellectual career, Li was a steadfast nationalist, whose overriding concern was the survival and resurrection of the Chinese nation.
		All in all, Li Ta-chao and the Origins of Chinese Marxism was a ground-breaking study of the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party. Meisner’s careful investigation of Li’s intellectual trajectory elucidates the origins of the most crucial characteristics of the Chinese Communist Party. It will remain a classic.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/meisner.htm (156 words)

	Modern Chinese Marxism
		Time's at a premium at the moment, which is a shame because the revival of Marxism story continues apace, reports Pravda SCMP:While Marxism is in decline throughout the world, China has taken the lead in the development of the communist ideology, according to a mainland theorist.
		Cheng Enfu, executive president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' new Academy of Marxism, said Communist Party leaders had never been so keen to push Marxism forward...
		Professor Cheng said Beijing aimed to modernise Marxism by building a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics and style, adding that this would contribute to advance and modernise the ideology worldwide.
	simonworld.mu.nu /archives/146994.xml (187 words)

	Chinese Marxism (Select Books)
		This groundbreaking study of this book examines the ideology and praxis of Marxism as it has developed in China from its earliest beginnings to current debates.
		It has long been argued that Chinese Marxism was merely an offshoot of Soviet thought blended with ill-defined traditional Chinese ideas.
		Showing how the first Chinese revolutionaries were directly influenced by the writings of Marx, this book argues that Bolshevism was a secondary influence on Chinese communist thought.
	www.selectbooks.com.sg /titles/35765.htm (184 words)

	Famous Maoists / Famous Adherents of Maoism / Followers of Mao
		Although many people mistakenly think that Maoism was a purely Chinese movement, it actually was adopted by people throughout the world.
		In 1981, the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party that Chairman Mao helped bring to power officially repudiated the brutality of Mao's Cultural Revolution, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 30 million Chinese citizens.
		Contemporary Chinese scholars generally believe that Mao did not originally intend to set himself up as an object of religious veneration, but that as he grew older either he or those around him utilized his power and status to tranform Maoism into something beyond Mao's original Marxist ideals.
	www.adherents.com /largecom/fam_mao.html (581 words)

	I.M. Pei Light is the Key: Conversations with Gero Von Boehm by I. M. Pei, ISBN 3791321765 And Chinese Marxism by ...
		I.M. Pei Light is the Key: Conversations with Gero Von Boehm by I. Pei, ISBN 3791321765 And Chinese Marxism by Adrian Chan, ISBN 0826450334
		Drawing from a wide array of original sources, Adrian Chan produces a fascinating account of the evolution of Marxism in China. Chan posits a tension between the proponents of the Marxian and the Scientific Marxist-Leninist versions of communism and challenges the received view that Chinese communism was a pale Soviet model contaminated by traditional Chinese ideas.
		This controversial and extraordinary analysis confronts traditional scholarship of the West, which is still overshadowed by the Cold War, and that of China, which is burdened by party orthodoxy.
	stonemancat.com /conversations.htm (204 words)

	CHINA BOOKS: New & Forthcoming China Titles from Chinese University Press (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The book shows that all these Chinese political theories, not only Chinese Marxism, depend on a number of premises at odds with Western liberalism, especially epistemological optimism and an extravagantly optimistic concept of political practicability.
		His study uniquely combines a deep understanding of the history of Chinese thought with a strong grasp of modern philosophical trends and an innovative methodology for the description and criticism of political theories.
		It will be useful to students of modern Chinese intellectual history, of political philosophy, of political culture, of the comparative study of cultures, and of U.S.-Chinese relations.
	www.chinabooks.com.au /newbooks/xntcuhk.htm (3653 words)

	Table of contents for Marxism in the Chinese revolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Table of contents for Marxism in the Chinese revolution / Arif Dirlik.
		Contents Contents Contents Acknowledgments 000 1 Introduction 000 Part I. The Origins 2 Socialism and Capitalism in Chinese Socialist Thinking: The Origins 000 3 National Development and Social Revolution in Early Chinese Marxist Thought 000 Part II.
		Making Marxism Chinese: Mao Zedong 4 Mao Zedong and "Chinese Marxism" 000 5 Modernism and Anti-Modernism in Mao Zedong's Marxism 000 6 The Predicament of Marxist Revolutionary Consciousness: Mao Zedong, Antonio Gramsci, and the Reformulation of Marxist Revolutionary Theory 000 Part III.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip057/2005003075.html (195 words)

	Adherents.com - Religious Groups in Literature
		"Alongside sexless biochemist Lady Li, the Chinese have sent as orthodox and historically adept a politician and diplomat as one could imagine: diadem of a mandarin Marxist court.
		'Except that Marxism was derived from a study of industrial society and was intended to apply to it.
		"The school was an expensive private one on a quiet leafy street in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn; its orientation was socialist-progressive, with a smarmy pedagogical underpinning of warmed-over Marxism and Freudianism and John Deweyism, and the psychiatrist, a specialist in the disturbances of middle-class children...
	www.adherents.com /lit/Na/Na_307.html (3227 words)

	UCSB: East Asian
		Ai Ssu-ch'i's Contribution to the Development of Chinese Marxism.
		History and Culture of East Asia (East Asian Cultural Studies 180A-B-C; same course as History 180A-B-C) History of China (Chinese 184A-B; same course as History 184A-B) History of Chinese Thought (Chinese 184T; same course as History 184T)
		Chinese Marxism (Chinese 186M; same course as History 186M)
	www.eastasian.ucsb.edu /content/people_fogel.html (148 words)

	China's Contemporary Philosophical Journey : Western Philosophy And Marxism Chinese Philosophical Studies
		China's Contemporary Philosophical Journey : Western Philosophy And Marxism Chinese Philosophical Studies
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		Subjects : Philosophy : Eastern / General : Philosophy, Chinese
	www.allbookstores.com /book/1565182065 (80 words)

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