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| | Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China |
 | | When he asked who his father was, his mother told him the 'red fruit' story and gave him the last name of 'Ai-xin-jue-luo' which was translated into Chinese as the 'jin' or gold for Ai-xin and 'surname' for Jue-luo. |
 | | Aside from original four banners of yellow, red, blue and white, comprising of 7500 soldiers each banner, Nurhachi set up four extra 'embedded banners' of yellow, red, blue and white [in AD 1615 per http://www.secretchina.com/news/articles/4/7/2/67823.html]. |
 | | Liao-dong, i.e., the area to the east of Liao-he River, was especially important strategic defence as a result of its leveled span of land that linked to Mongols to the west and northwest, the Jurchens to the east and northeast, and the Koreans to the east and southeast. |
| uglychinese.org /manchu.htm (13929 words) |
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