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Topic: Chinese Turkestan

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	TURKESTAN - LoveToKnow Article on TURKESTAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thus it includes (I) the governor-generalship of Turkestan, embracing the provinces of Ferghana, Samarkand, Semiryechensk, and Syr-darya; the provinces of Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk, and sometimes that of Turgai belonging to the governor-generalship of the Steppes; the Transcaspian region; and the semi-independent states of Bokhara and Khiva.
		East or Chinese Turkestan, sometimes called Kashgaria, is a region in the heart of Asia, lying between the Tian-shan ranges on the north and the Kuen-lun ranges on the south, and stretching east from the Pamirs to the desert of Gobi and the Chinese province of Kan-su (98 E.).
		The population of Dzungania is estimated at 600,000 and of Kuija at 150,000.
	52.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TURKESTAN.htm (9416 words)

	Turkestan - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is subdivided into West Turkestan and East Turkistan, with the Tian Shan and Pamir ranges forming a rough division between the two.
		After the Russian Revolution, a Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union was created, which was eventually split into the Kazakh SSR (Kazakhstan), Kyrgyz SSR (Kyrgyzstan), Tajik SSR (Tajikistan), Turkmen SSR (Turkmenistan) and Uzbek SSR (Uzbekistan).
		Eastern Turkestan, often called Chinese Turkestan, is home to the oldest settled Turkic people in the region, the Uighurs.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /turkestan.htm (386 words)

	Xinjiang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The short-lived non-Han Chinese kingdoms that ruled northwestern China one after the other, including Former Liang, Former Qin, Later Liang, and Western Liang, all attempted to maintain the protectorate, with varying extents and degrees of success.
		In the late 5th century the Tuyuhun and the Rouran began to encroach upon the region and assert power in southern and northern Xinjiang, respectively, and the Chinese protectorate was lost again.
		Han Chinese are the majority in eastern and northern Xinjiang, including the cities of Urumqi, Karamay, Shihezi and the prefectures of Changji, Bortala, Bayin'gholin, Ili (especially the city of Kuitun), and Kumul.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xinjiang (2211 words)

	KASHGAR - LoveToKnow Article on KASHGAR
		In the time of the Chinese, before Yakub Begs sway, Yangi Shahr held a garrison of six thousand men, and was the residence of the amban or governor.
		The Chinese had thoughts of pushing their conquests towards western Turkestan and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sent to ask assistance of the Afghan king Ahmed Shah.
		The Chinese continued to hold Kashgar, with sundry interruptions from Mahommedan revoltsone of the most serious occurring in 1827, when the territory was invaded and the city taken by Jahanghir Khoja; Chang-lung, however, the Chinese general of Iii, recovered possession of Kashgar and the other revolted cities in 1828.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KA/KASHGAR.htm (1543 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ China / Glossary
		The first CPPCC convened in 1949, the second in 1954, the third in 1959, the fourth in 1964, the fifth in 1978, and the sixth in 1983, the seventh was scheduled for 1988.
		A Chinese idiom referring to the system of guaranteed lifetime employment in state enterprises, in which the tenure and level of wages are not related to job performance.
		The Chinese communists long insisted that these tendencies were counterrevolutionary and that internal and external enemies (such as the Soviet Union) were infected by this negative phenomenon.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/china/cn_glos.html (2744 words)

	East Turkestan. Net - Harun Yahya
		Chinese families are legally allowed only one child, and if their first baby is a girl, they frequently leave the child to die.
		East Turkestan is today known in political literature as the "Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang." The concept of "autonomous administration" means a form of government that answers not to the wishes and instructions of central administration, but rather to the needs and wishes of the majority of the population, and is indeed semi-independent.
		The number of Chinese oil companies coming to East Turkestan in search of oil has grown rapidly since 1989, although almost all of the 20,000 workers employed in the Tarim Basin alone were selected from among the Chinese population.
	www.eastturkestan.net /china05a.html (6625 words)

	Eastern Turkestan Information Bulletin Vol. 1 No. 2
		Chinese envoys such as Hsuan Chang, Wang Yen De and Chang Chun who traveled through Eastern Turkestan from the seventh to the thirteenth centuries reported that they were impressed by the high degree of Uygur power, prestige and culture they encountered there.
		The Chinese magazine, Zheng kng, published in Hong Kong, wrote in its July 1, 1991 issue, that armed rebellions had taken place in May and June in Chogchek, close to the USSR in Northern Eastern Turkestan.
		The Chinese official concluded that there were, however, more favorable conditions and a more powerful force for safeguarding the motherland's unity and opposing national splittism than ever before.
	www.geocities.com /idonkari/news1.html (2250 words)

	Y4RKAND (Chinese name Soche Fu) - Online Information article about Y4RKAND (Chinese name Soche Fu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The settlements of the Yarkand oasis occupy the S.W. corner of E.
		The square fortress of Yanghishar, which was built by the Chinese, stands within 400 yds.
		This is one of the three strong places in Chinese Turkestan.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WIL_YAK/Y4RKAND_Chinese_name_Soche_Fu_.html (1008 words)

	China Source
		Officially founded by the Chinese government on October 1, 1955, it was previously known to Westerners as Chinese Turkestan, Eastern Turkestan, or Sinkiang.
		It is bordered on the north by Russia and Kazakhstan, on the northeast by Mongolia, on the east by the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Qinghai, on the west by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and on the south by Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and the Chinese province of Xizang (Tibet).
		Another reason for Chinese attention to Xinjiang is that the indigenous population has never taken kindly to the increasingly large Chinese presence and has several times openly rebelled.
	www.chsource.org /Uygur.htm (1757 words)

	COMMUNIST CHINA'S POLICY OF OPPRESSION IN EAST TURKESTAN - Harun Yahya
		The Chinese Communist Party resorted to violence to remain in power, and implemented one of the most savage and ruthless form of communism ever, enforcing one single way of living and thinking for the entire Chinese people.
		Yet East Turkestan, the majority of whose population are Muslims of Uighur origin, is the scene of violence and oppression by the communist Chinese administration, the like of which is found in no other region of China.
		China has turned East Turkestan into a closed region by restricting all means of communication, preventing the true dimensions of their human drama from being heard by the outside world.
	www.harunyahya.com /e_turkestan01.php (1543 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Turkestan
		The task of the Chinese was rendered easy by the death of Yakub (29 May, 1877); Aksu (19 Oct., 1877), Yar-kand (21 Dec.), Kashgar (26 Dec.), and at last Kohtan (14 Jan., 1878) fell into their hands.
		The chief river of Chinese Turkestan is the Tarim or Tali- mu-ho, about 1250 miles in length, resulting from the junction of the rivers or darias, watering Yarkand, Khotan etc.; finally the Tarim empties its waters into the Lob-Nor, now more of a marsh but a lake in ancient times.
		The trade of Turkestan amounts to about 320 millions and a half of rubles, of which 140 millions and a half are exportation and 180 millions are importation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15095a.htm (937 words)

	UIA - China Whitewashes the Historic Reality of East Turkestan
		Second, the white paper seems to perpetuate the notion that the Chinese have always been the ruling class in what is now the People’s Republic of China and all the minorities have been their subjects who have no right to rule or separate their countries from China by any means.
		This is to justify contemporary Chinese chauvinism and create a Chinese nation state, a country of, by, and for the Chinese, not minorities.
		The fourth generation of Chinese leaders, instead of lying about the Uyghurs and East Turkestan as it lied over SARS, should boldly seize the initiative and resolve the East Turkestan Question as soon as possible for the posterity of both the Uyghur and the Chinese nations.
	coranet.radicalparty.org /pressreview/print_right.php?func=detail&par=5839 (2147 words)

	The Epoch Times \| The Real Terror in East Turkestan
		CLOSE WATCH: A Chinese police officer keeps an eye on both Chinese and foreign Muslims as they head into a mosque during the Salat-el-Eid prayer celebrating the end of Ramadan, the Muslim holy month of fasting.
		In a pattern Tibet watchers will find all too familiar, the Communists have sent wave upon wave of Han Chinese to East Turkestan to reduce the Uighur majority there (this has been so successful the Uighurs are soon to become a minority in their own land, if they aren’t already).
		Suddenly, resistance to Communism in East Turkestan was supposedly everywhere, and according to Beijing, all of it was tied to and supported by Osama bin Laden.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-11-22/24466.html (738 words)

	MAX TILKE: ORIENTAL COSTUMES THEIR DESIGNS AND COLORS
		This garment is made of yellow satin decorated in the Chinese manner and lined with ramie.
		Chinese silk with coloured embroidery in the Chinese style.
		Satin with silk lining; embroidered in the Chinese style, but also provided with slightly curved cord decoration as is customary with Turkish peoples.
	www.indiana.edu /~librcsd/etext/tilke/p4.html (868 words)

	Registan.net :: Central Asia News » East Turkestan
		She was finally released by the Chinese authorities on March 17, 2005, on “medical parole,” but it was the continued pressure exerted on the Chinese government by the United States and international human-rights organizations — culminating in Secretary of State Rice’s visit to Beijing — that truly led to Kadeer’s release.
		Chinese is the language of contact between the different linguistic groups, and functions as written medium.
		Younghusband (not the historical one) of the superb Coming Anarchy (which can be found in both the regular and Central Asia blogrolls at right) visited East Turkestan last year.
	www.registan.net /index.php?cat=40 (1150 words)

	SPARK - December 31, 2000 Issue: 03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But we are regret that we are not satisfied by the ways that the leaders of the Chinese democratic movement suggest to resolve the problem of nationalities through forming a federation, republic or co-existence of two systems in one country, or like it was announced this time, an autonomy in a one country.
		According to the news from Eastern Turkestan, the Chinese authorities began to spread gradually such pressure on religious actions across the eastern Turkestan....
		According to the information gained by "Eastern Turkestan Information Center", on 11 December 2000 Liang Keli, a Professor of the Faculty of Chemistry at Xinjiang University was noticed by the by those on duty when he was secretly pasting a leaflet propagating Falungung in the University building and then immediately arrested by policemen.
	www.uygur.org /spark/archiv/3 (707 words)

	EurasiaNet Culture - Xinjiang: China's Restive Corner of Central Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1949, some 200,000 Chinese in Xinjiang made up about 10 percent of the population; the Chinese population has since increased forty times over, and its share has increased fivefold.
		According to official Kyrgyz sources, three of these citizens were Chinese, and all of them wanted to provoke a conflict between ethnic Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in the southern part of the republic.
		The three Chinese detainees reportedly belonged to a separatist organization and had received training from Khattab, the notorious Jordanian who fought alongside Muslim separatists in Chechnya.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/culture/articles/eav070902.shtml (1159 words)

	Antique Chinese rugs by cyberrug
		Northern Chinese, hand knotted wool, China, c.1920, an unusual rendition of the eight immortals of Taoism in a hall runner size rug, aubergine with a navy border, orange, beige, light green, gold, graphite, and Prussian blue, near mint condition, larger photo
		Western Chinese rug, hand knotted wool, China, 3rd QTR 20thC, a little rug with very powerful religious symbolism, the pink and blue yin and yang surrounded by the eight trigrams on a blue field with a crossed Vajra design in ivory and gold, comments and larger photos
		Antique Chinese rug, hand knotted wool, China, c.1920's, ivory with a rich chocolate brown border, pale and medium blue scrolling foliate vines with lilac flowers, this has a decent pile with some professional reweave that is not noticeable, larger photo
	www.cyberrug.com /chinesesmall.htm (2092 words)

	The Nation, 05/07/1914 - Exploration in Chinese Turkestan
		This is especially the case with the Chinese documents obtained from the desert, dating, as far as could be ascertained, from the beginning of the first century B.C. to some time during the Tang dynasty.
		The greater part of the documents are of importance not so much by reason of the contents of their inscriptions, many of which contain merely fragments of domestic, military, or governmental records and...
		...This is especially the case with the Chinese documents obtained from the desert, dating, as tar as could be ascertained, from the beginning of the first century.
	www.nationarchive.com /Summaries/v098i2549_17.htm (896 words)

	AsiaFinest Discussion Forum -> China Whitewashes the Historic Reality
		It is reasonable to say that the reason the Mongol dynasty and Manchu dynasty became part of Chinese history is that they were overtaken by the dominant culture with the passage of time and lost their influence.
		The minorities are chinese they are still considered chinese citizens china always mentions its nationalities they don't have to be han to be considered chinese so i think you need to study chiense history more when you make stupid @$$ comments like these it's like saying your not an american just because your fl.
		While the ruling class may not have been Chinese, it is rather dim-witted and illogical to think they are not a past of the history of China.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=1448 (4397 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		A Chinese diplomat and an Uyghur businessman were gunned down as they were traveling in a car in the center of Bishkek late on 29 June.
		Prague, 2 July 2002 (RFE/RL) -- Wang Jianping, consul at the Chinese embassy in Bishkek, and Nurmachamed Umarov, a Chinese citizen of Uyghur nationality living in Kyrgyzstan, were gunned down in the center of Bishkek late on 29 June.
		Uyghur organizations, such as the Ittipak (Union) Society, which defends cultural and political rights in Kyrgyzstan, have said that no one should interfere in the investigation and warns that the case should not be politicized.
	www.rferl.org /features/2002/07/02072002154529.asp (1109 words)

	Uygur of Xinjiang: Culture History Language - Uygur History - Time Line to 1990 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Eastern (Chinese) Turkestan is officially renamed "Xinjiang" by the Chinese.
		The Hotan counter revolutionary riot led by Abdimit on December 31, 1954 was a premeditated act of the Pan-Turkist Imin group who were passing through southern Xinjiang on their way of escape to abroad in the eve of liberation of Xinjiang.
		Its purpose was to overthrow the power of Chinese Communist party to establish an "Islamic Republic".
	www.uygurworld.com /_sgt/m2m6_1.htm (810 words)

	NOVA Online \| Mysterious Mummies of China \| The Takla Makan Mummies
		In the late 1980's, perfectly preserved 3000-year-old mummies began appearing in a remote Chinese desert.
		They had long reddish-blond hair, European features and didn't appear to be the ancestors of modern-day Chinese people.
		Based on her partially dismembered limbs and gouged out eyes, Chinese archaeologists believe she was a sacrificial victim.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/chinamum/taklamakan.html (183 words)

	Xinjiang -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Traversed by the (An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles); followed by Marco Polo in the 13th century to reach Cathay) Silk Road, Xinjiang is the Chinese name for the Tarim and Jungar regions of what is now northwest China.
		Xinjiang is home to several (A believer or follower of Islam) Muslim (A subfamily of Altaic languages) Turkic groups including the (Click link for more info and facts about Uyghur) Uyghurs and the (The Turkic language spoken by the Kazak people) Kazakhs.
		The percentage of ethnic (Click link for more info and facts about Han Chinese) Han Chinese in Xinjiang has grown from 6 percent in 1949 to over 40 percent at present.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/x/xi/xinjiang.htm (1771 words)

	UIGHUR, UYGUR, UIGUR, UIGHUIR, UIGUIR, WEIWUER < ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If East Turkestan was part of China, then, the Chinese government should also claim all the regions from the Middle East to South Asia as part of its territories.
		The Chinese white paper fails to explain the root causes as to why the Uyghur people have for more than a century wanted to establish an independent East Turkestan and why after Beijing’s great development in this region since 1949 still want to separate from China.
		Therefore, The fourth generation of Chinese leaders, instead of lying about the Uyghurs and East Turkestan as it lied over SARS, should boldly seize the initiative and resolve the East Turkestan Question as soon as possible for the posterity of both the Uyghur and the Chinese nations.
	www.uygur.org /wunn03/05/26.htm (1906 words)

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