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	Department of Chinese, The University of Hong Kong
		In 2006, the Chinese Department was renamed the School of Chinese consequent on the restructuring of the Faculty of Arts.
		The primary role of the first two units of the School of Chinese is to promote the understanding of Chinese language, literature and history; to further the ability of students in the use of the Chinese language; and to study the development of Chinese civilization and its place in the modern world.
		The principal objectives of the Chinese Language Enhancement Programme are to help students acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in Chinese for future employment, to expedite their progress toward excellence in language use, and to make them understand that language improvement is a life-long self-learning process.
	www.hku.hk /chinese (1034 words)

	Dynasties of China - Chinese Restaurants - Online.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		According to mythology, Chinese civilization begins with Pangu, the creator of the universe, and a succession of legendary sage-emperors and culture heroes.
		Chinese armies also invaded and annexed parts of northern Vietnam and northern Korea toward the end of the second century B.C. Han control of peripheral regions was generally insecure.
		The Chinese economy is the fastest growing in the world right now and is expected to pass Japan by 2020 and the United States by 2040, which would make it the world economic leader.
	www.chineserestaurantsonline.com /DynastiesOfChina.aspx (1393 words)

	Researchers Shed New Lights on Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization
		Chinese ancients living 3,500 to 4,500 years ago already had many choices for meal, including millet, wheat and rice, which are still the staple food of the Chinese.
		After five years of intensive study, researchers engaged in a grand archaeological project have drawn an outline of the Chinese society 3,500 to 4,500 years ago, the most important period that researchers believe is closely related to the origin of ancient Chinese civilization.
		The civilization in central China, though not the most developed at beginning, absorbed the cultures in the surrounding areas, forming the splendid Chinese civilization, said Wang.
	china.org.cn /english/2006/Jan/153942.htm (788 words)

	China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization.
		Most Chinese dynasties were based in the historical heartlands of China, known as China proper.
		Chinese dragon boat racing occurs during the Duan Wu festival.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/China (5639 words)

	Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The literature offerings, which may be taken as Chinese or literature courses, are designed to provide students with opportunities to read with critical insight all the major genres of Chinese literature in the historical, cultural, and theoretical contexts of the relevant texts.
		The Chinese House, a residence hall, is the center of extracurricular activities for students interested in Chinese culture.
		The course examines the growth of Chinese cinema in the hands of five "generations" of filmmakers and beyond, focusing on the development of aesthetics of Chinese film and the changing role of film as social commentary and cultural critique.
	web.reed.edu /academic/catalog/chin.html (1677 words)

	Chinese food history and culture page 2
		Chinese history, until the twentieth century, was written mostly by members of the ruling scholar-official class and was meant to provide the ruler with precedents to guide or justify his policies.
		Another recurrent historical theme has been the unceasing struggle of the sedentary Chinese against the threat posed to their safety and way of life by non-Chinese peoples on the margins of their territory in the north, northeast, and northwest.
		Historical institutes were restored within the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and a growing corps of trained historians, in institutes and academia alike, returned to their work with the blessing of the Chinese Communist Party.
	asiarecipe.com /chihistory2.html (1847 words)

	Our Chinese Ally: The Oldest Living Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But taken in another way, Chinese history can be made to throw sharp lights and revealing shadows on the story of all mankind—from its most primitive beginnings, some of which were in Asia, to its highest point of development in philosophy and religion, literature and art.
		today to think of the Chinese as a “backward” people who are less civilized than we are, and it is true that in what we carelessly speak of as civilization—mechanization and the fruits of scientific discovery—they have, in the last hundred years, lagged behind the procession and are only beginning to catch up.
		The Chinese bad reached a high level of technique and art in the malting of such things as porcelain and silk, and in general the guild craftsmen of their cities were at least equal to those of the cities of pre-industrial Europe.
	www.historians.org /projects/GIRoundtable/Chinese/Chinese3.htm (1334 words)

	Chinese History, Regent Tour China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first chinese civilization was established around the fertile areas of Huanghe (The Yellow River) more than four thousand years ago.
		The first glimpse of chinese characters had taken form, and unlike any other places on the world, this cultural development has been delivered without any kind of decisive interruption till this day.
		A Chinese legend said that a gigantic god named Pan Gu separated heaven and earth by one single slice with his mighty sword.
	www.regenttour.com /china/history/xia.htm (854 words)

	How old is Chinese civilization? - Asia Finest Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		So, depending on how strictly you define civilization, you could say that China was civilized as far back as 3700, 4200, 5500, 6200, or 8600 years ago.
		To me, a civilization must have a permanent settlement (no more nomadic neolithic lifestyle), the appearance of a government, laws, an economy for the society, birth of skille dtrades people and artists, agriculture (which is tied to permanent settlement), a form a defence for the entire society and trade routes to various other societies.
		Civilization of China could be at around 9,000-10,000 years from the early people that was excavated.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=4045 (1103 words)

	Chinese Performing Artists of America (CPAA) - Splendid Legacy
		The influence of Chinese culture on the rest of Asia and the West can be observed by objects and concepts which have been adopted from China, such as china, silk, alchemy, kung-fu, to name a few.
		Chinese dances with props and costumes decorated with feathers can be traced back to celebration ceremonies after a successful hunt in prehistoric times.
		The ancient Chinese were also credited for the inventions of silk, paper, porcelain, cast iron, the cross-bow, the kite, deep drilling, the wheelbarrow, the draw-loom, the wagon-mill, and many others, according to
	www.chineseperformingarts.org /legacy_text_feb03.html (1594 words)

	UI Chinese Program -- Course Descriptions
		The purpose of this course is to lay a groundwork for the study of modern Chinese.
		This course is designed for students who have completed two years of college-level training in Chinese to continue to develop their skills of aurally understanding, speaking, reading and writing.
		This course is designed to help students 1) to continue to improve their modern Chinese skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and 2) to develop the skill to read authentic texts related to the students' topics of interests.
	www.uiowa.edu /~chinese/crsdscr.htm (1900 words)

	Ancient China
		• Chinese religious practices centered on the veneration of ancestors and the belief that the universe was balanced between two opposing forces, the yin and the yang.
		Chinese rulers based their government on the Confucian model, which taught that the best ruler was a virtuous man who led by example.
		The Han period was one of the golden ages of Chinese civilization, with tremendous advances in the sciences, astronomy, technology, medicine, and the arts.
	home.cfl.rr.com /crossland/AncientCivilizations/Ancient_China/ancient_china.html (394 words)

	Department of Chinese and Japanese
		The Chinese Major itself is an interdisciplinary one that prepares students linguistically and intellectually for interaction with China and the Chinese world in the modern era, while at the same time introducing them to China's long and rich cultural tradition.
		Emphasis is placed not only on the diversity and uniqueness of Chinese civilization, but also on its contributions to humanity and its heuristic values to the understanding of Western cultural traditions.
		Knowledge of Chinese and Japanese is valuable for students contemplating graduate study or careers in government service or in businesses engaged in international trade.
	www.grinnell.edu /academic/chinese (246 words)

	Researchers to Seek Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In order to study the origin and development process of the Chinese nation, archaeologists will extract genes from the remains of ancients, found in the areas which, according to historical documents and legends, were occupied by Huangdi and Yandi tribes 4, 000 to 5,000 years ago.
		Origin of city, relationship between wars and civilization, origin of religious beliefs, and comparison between ancient Chinese civilization and other ancient civilizations will also be covered in the project, according to Wang.
		This theory was later refuted by a series of world famous archaeological discoveries in China, which all suggest that Chinese civilization originated in the Chinese mainland, said Zhu Naicheng, a researcher of the Institute of Archaeology under the CASS.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/719968/posts (1374 words)

	Ancient Dynasties
		Chinese civilization, as described in mythology, begins with Pangu (
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		A number of ceremonial bronze vessels with inscriptions date from the Shang period; the workmanship on the bronzes attests to a high level of civilization.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/ancient1.html (838 words)

	A Website Curriculum on Chinese Language and Culture
		From pottery inscriptions to oracle-bone inscriptions, Chinese characters have developed and evolved into a mature writing system that has helped the blossom of Chinese classics and literatures.
		Chinese music is a rich reflection of Chinese cultural heritage.
		Many of the Chinese plays are of ancient origin, based upon history or fiction.
	www.chinese.tcu.edu (771 words)

	LAMC \| Chinese
		Course emphasizes Mandarin Chinese communication which covers the colorful culture of China the country’s maternal river from the Potala Palace in Tibet, the old alley and courtyard in Beijing, and the conflict between traditional and modern values in people’s thoughts.
		This course explores the fabulous world of Chinese history, geography, arts literature, religion, customs, and the impact of 1/4 of mankind beyond the Great Wall.
		Chinese 21 + 22 together are equivalent to Chinese 1.
	www.lamission.edu /disciplines/chinese.html (249 words)

	Yellow River Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Chinese history, and in the history of human civilization, the Yellow River is not simply a set of characters on a page and the name of a river.
		Yellow River drainage basin is the birthplace of Chinese nation and meanwhile it is the cradle of Chinese civilization.
		In this vast cradle, Yellow River civilization, which is the principal part of the whole Chinese civilization and plays a crucial role in the history of civilization development, grew with vitality.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /yellow-river/civilization.htm (681 words)

	Chinese Characters
		Until recent centuries, China had one of the highest literacy rates in the world and more than half of the world's literature was written in Chinese characters.
		Due to the central role of calligraphy in Chinese art and the vitality of Chinese civilization, Chinese characters have held a similarly preeminent position in the world's art.
		Through the medium of form, way of handling the brush, presentation, and style, calligraphy as a work of art conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, esthetic feelings and culture of the artist to readers affecting them by the power of appeal and the joy of beauty.
	www.chinesesoftwareguide.com /chinese/characters.htm (180 words)

	Chinese civilization papers - reports on China (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In this work Chang describes the systematic murder of the population of this Chinese city by the Japanese in 1937, and posits some reasons for the Japanese soldier's unthinkable brutality.
		The writer disagrees with the perspective of Jacques Gernet and other historians who claim that by revelling in ancient Chinese history, historians lack a perspective on the changing status of the country.
		The Chinese and the Russians had endured several decades of discord that ultimately culminated in the restoration of party-to-party relations, bringing together the two communist parties.
	www.asianstudiespapers.com.cob-web.org:8888 /categories/Chinese_civilization.html (579 words)

	Culture About Chinese Food
		It is not easy to brief the civilization of Chinese Food in a short message, it is because, there are more than 56 folks inside the Mainland China, and the large area causes difference dining habits among the difference districts.
		There are 2 special habits, one is, Chinese diners never pick up rice from the bowl but will handle the bowl towards their lips then poke the rice into their mouths by the chopsticks.
		Chinese chefs usually like to use the preserved and salty Ingredients like preserved eggs, potherb and pickled mustard, dried shrimps, bean curd cheese, dry and salty pork, salty duck, meat sausage……it is a long and traditional habit since the ancient hard and poor farming society.
	www.nicemeal.com /foodculture (999 words)

	China's Confession, Shen Zhou DVD. Chinese children's christian products. Chinese faith products. /title>
		Many ancient Chinese legends either match or are connected to the writings of human history recorded in the first eleven chapters of the Bible;
		Chinese philosophies, with the exception of that of Lao Zi, all base on the self- awakening and self-salvation of humanity and hence are helpless; The good eras in Chinese history, Wen-jing, Guang-wu, Zheng-guan, and Kai-yuan, were all eras when Lao Zi's philosophy were practiced;
		The Opium War, which brought humiliation and suffering to China, was the real beginning of Chinese modernization; China has been trying to dissolve the vital unity of western economy, science and technology, politics, and faith, with the sole purpose of obtaining wealth, ignoring the spirit that came with in;
	www.chinesetapes.com /faith_grown_up/china_confession.htm (375 words)

	C&T Chinese Civilization
		If all you need is a way to put it all into chronological perspective, visit this Chinese History Timeline, a basic timeline to the major periods of Chinese history.
		Historical maps of China may be helpful in your investigation of Chinese civilization.
		Buddhism, as touched on in an excerpt, The Mind-to-Mind Transmission of the Dharma, a poetry contest between the head monk and Hui-neng.
	www.butler.edu /cnt/chinese_civilization.htm (588 words)

	An infomative site about China
		The Chinese civilization is one of the four most ancient in the world.
		Relative to the Egyptian, Indian and Tigris-Euphrates civilizations, it is characterized by a consistency and continuity throughout the millenniums.
		Rooted deep in this unique civilization originating from the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, a yellow race known as the “Chinese” has, generation after generation, stuck to a unique cultural tradition.
	www.chinesemoods.com /aboutchina.html (137 words)

	Chinese Civilization Art Religion Divination Oracle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Medieval Chinese, like their counterparts in Europe, were mainly unlettered farmers who prayed to their gods for rain and health.
		Chinese rhyme-prose; Poems in the Fu form from the Han and Six Dynasties periods by Burton Watson Columbia 1971
		Manual for the private Chinese family rituals: initiations, weddings, funerals, and sacrifices to ancestral spirits, intended when it was written to combat Buddhist and other non-Confucian rites.
	www.bena.com /sherpa1/ttt/Him_book/tChinCiv.htm (2209 words)

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