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	Chinese federalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese federalism refers to political theories which argue that the People's Republic of China central government does or should devolve large amounts of power to local entities.
		Proposals for a federal Chinese state were first advanced in the 1920s, but these proposals proved to be unpopular.
		Davis, Michael C. "The Case for Chinese Federalism"
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_federalism (132 words)

	Federalism
		Federalism denotes a system of government in which power is divided by constitutional right between national and local units of government in regions.
		The distinction between unitary and federal governments is not always clear, as the national government in a formally unitary system of government may make large grants of power to local units resulting in a system that becomes de-facto federal.
		Often, the division of power between federal and local governments is outlined in the national constitution, as is the case with the United States and Australia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Federalism.html (598 words)

	Federation - WebArticles.com
		In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of the central government.
		The difference between a federation and this kind of unitary state is that in a unitary state the autonomous status of self-governing regions exists at the sufferance of the central government, and may be unilaterally revoked.
		A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.
	www.webarticles.com /print.php?id=455 (2616 words)

	United States of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		United States of China (Traditional Chinese: 中華合衆國; Simplified Chinese: 中华合众国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhonghua Hezhongguo) is a political concept first devised in the early 1920s by Chen Jiongming of a federalized China modeled closely after the United States of America.
		Another concept of the United States of China involves a means of settling the political conflict between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
		This usage was popularized after Chinese president Jiang Zemin in 2001 made a comment that a united China can adopt a new national name and flag that satisfy the people of Taiwan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_of_China (335 words)

	Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan
		At the same time Chinese scholars explicitly articulate the connection between Xinjiang and Central Asia, arguing that, China's policy to expand economic cooperation with Central Asia is undertaken, among other reasons, because to a large extent the stability and prosperity of northwest China is closely tied to Central Asia's stability and prosperity.
		Federalism is unacceptable, then, on domestic grounds ie, its threat to the unity of state power, not for any other reason.
		And since the minority peoples live on China's insecure and troubled borders, in the context of Chinese history and prudent considerations of current political leaders, such devolution of power means both the end of their power and in their view the integrity of the Chinese state.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/FD03Ad06.html (2125 words)

	Wikinfo \| Federalism
		Some countries, whilst not being formal federations, function like them - Spain, for instance, gives more powers to its autonomous communities than most federations to their constituent parts.
		In the People's Republic of China, the defacto federal situation is one in which the central government sets up general economic policy and goals, and leaves the implementation to provincial governments.
		Federalism may also refer to the ideology of the (now defunct) United States Federalist Party.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Federalism (777 words)

	Humanitarian Intervention and China’s World View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The discussion throughout relates Chinese perspectives to a variety of perspectives in the emerging global debate.
		More realist views (with which Chinese leaders often concur) have reflected skepticism over the potential for widely agreeable and effective international standards of intervention and have suggested that continued primacy be given to the non-intervention principle.
		Federalism on the mainland of China has been discussed throughout the twentieth century as an option in China’s democratization process.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/michaeldavis.html (9069 words)

	Hoover Institution - Essays in Public Policy - China's Transition to Markets-Market Preserving Federalism, Chinese Style
		After discussing the evolution of federalism, Chinese style, during the first fifteen years of reform (1979-1993), we turn to the political foundation of economic reform.
		China's form of decentralization has served the critical purpose of creating markets at time when political resistance to economic reform remained strong and when the durability of the reforms was important.
		Nonetheless, federalism, Chinese style, remains incomplete, accounting for some of the anomalies surrounding China's success.
	www.hoover.org /publications/epp/2854656.html (569 words)

	Daryl Kho
		The Chinese system, on the other hand, perceives the state to be a harmonious and natural aggregation of individuals, where private, selfish interests are suppressed for the good of society as a whole.
		This rationale served as the basis that was used to justify authoritarianism and the acceptance of authoritarianism throughout China’s socialist era.
		The greater the awareness of individual rights and freedoms available to the Chinese relative to those available to the rest of the world’s citizens, the weaker the credibility of “Socialist democracy” and the weaker the crutch for authoritarianism will be.
	members.tripod.com /~DarylK/china.htm (4141 words)

	PRC: de-facto federalism ? - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		During the process of PRC's economic reform, it has evolved into a de-facto federal state in which provinces have a wide autonomy to implement policy goals set by central government and actively compete with each other in order to get the best economic result, which in turn determines future promotion of the officials in power.
		So I don't think of the provinces as federal members of a federation, either in name or in act -- the decentralised chain of command only serves to better facilitate the central government's efficiency, without any of the other liberties that would be granted to them a la federalism or European feudalism.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=6627 (902 words)

	Home
		The Institute of Federalism is a nationally and internationally recognised centre of interdisciplinary academic expertise.
		We focus on questions of cultural diversity as one of the core elements of federalism and thus facilitate the peaceful living together of people and communities within multicultural societies.
		The IFF organised a study tour on the topic "Measures of Safety and the Swiss Criminal Law" for a delegation from the Chinese Ministry of Justice.
	federalism.ch (222 words)

	E-Notes: Democracy and Its Limits in Greater China - FPRI
		Stavis argued that some Chinese statistics perhaps overstated the magnitude of some of China’s problems, that outside commentators for many years often and incorrectly have predicted an imminent crisis in China, and that the PRC leadership understood many of the problems it faced and was taking some effective measures to address some of them.
		Tsai suggested that the impediments to Chinese federalism might be still more severe, with the establishment of the rule of law and democracy as possible preconditions for effective federalism— a conclusion that Lee suggested may resonate with the views of radically reformist PRC intellectuals who have often nearly equated democracy with federalism.
		DeLisle argued that federalism, of a sort that is conducive to democratization, might be included in the broad American agenda of rule of law and human rights reform (and would be no more offensive or threatening to Chinese leaders than much of what was already on that agenda).
	www.fpri.org /enotes/20040527.asia.delisle.democracygreaterchina.html (3437 words)

	The late, great States By Steve Chapman
		By calling into question the connection between a federal law and interstate commerce, the court erased a decades-old legal fiction that had permitted the federal government to mess around in matters that should have concerned only the states.
		The political right has paid lip service to the idea of federalism by warning that this new strategy was necessary because the Supreme Court could find a constitutional right for gays to marry, thus usurping the democratic process in 50 states.
		What's notable about all three episodes is not just that conservatives have abandoned their faith in federalism, but that they've done so in disputes where the case for federalism was most compelling.
	www.slate.com /id/2104207 (1516 words)

	SCID: Publications/Abstracts201
		Dealing with this labor-market transformation is one of the most challenging tasks facing the Government and the Chinese Communist Party, and the ways in which laws, regulations, and institutions evolve in response to this challenge raise a series of questions of great academic and policy interest.
		We trace the evolution of the literature on federalism from its early focus on the design of fiscal arrangements to achieve efficient outcomes in a world of benevolent social planners and closed economies to later work relaxing these assumptions and exploring different policy areas.
		The problems of the Chinese financial system are well documented and the Government has been endeavoring to reform the system, especially the banks, for a decade or more.
	scid.stanford.edu /publications/abstracts201.html (13138 words)

	ChinaEweekly
		Following the Sept. 11 attacks, apart from trying every possible means to distance itself from the terrorists, Beijing has also adopted anti-terrorist slogans, slapping the label of "terrorist" on all the targets it intends to attack.
		During the Chinese communist revolution, the CCP used terrorist methods to deal with traitors.
		Perhaps the most representative examples would be the blatant military exercises and threats made by Beijing in 1996 -- and in the run-up to last year's presidential election -- as well as the call sounded by government-sponsored scholars for the "destruction and reconstruction" of Taiwan.
	www.chinaeweekly.com /ChinaEweekly/eng/chinaeweekly0009eng.htm (1568 words)

	[No title]
		"From Federalism, Chinese Style, to Privatization, Chinese Style" (with Yuanzheng Cao and Barry Weingast).
		"Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China" (with Gabriella Montinola and Barry Weingast).
		"Regional Decentralization and Fiscal Incentives: Federalism, Chinese Style" (with Hehui Jin and Barry R. Weingast).
	www.bsos.umd.edu /econ/yqian/research.html (881 words)

	Simon World :: Socialist political democracy
		In building socialist political democracy, China has always adhered to the basic principle that the Marxist theory of democracy be combined with the reality of China, borrowed from the useful achievements of the political civilization of mankind, including Western democracy, and assimilated the democratic elements of China's traditional culture and institutional civilization.
		I agree with those politcal scientists who analyse China's political system as being a form of federalism: market-preserving federalism with Chinese characteristics (by which they mean paternal authoritarianism in the Confucian tradition).
		China's unique form of federalism, incidentally, is seen by many political scientists as being the secret behind China's economic success, and its ability to lift over 400 million people out of poverty.
	simonworld.mu.nu /archives/127338.php (3954 words)

	Now it's the Bushies who are blaming federalism! By Mickey Kaus
		Sure, the Bushies are using the federalism issue, and Louisiana's potentially bruised feelings, as an excuse--especially when they talk about how "it would have been perceived" if Bush had seized control of the relief effort "from the female governor of another party." (It would have been perceived as such a power grab that...
		The Curse of Federalism, Part II: Bloggers Faces of G and Brad DeLong, as well as Instapundit, wrestle with the obvious issue any relief effort would face--even in a streamlined federal system with no gratuitous interemediate state level of authority interposed between cities and Washington.
		And federalism is still bolixing up the relief operation, which now seems to have two bristling, competing centers of authority (the Louisiana governor and the Bush administration).
	www.slate.com /id/2125735/& (7023 words)

	Tiao-kuai - China-related Topics TI-TL - China-Related Topics
		The tiao-kuai (zh-cplc=条块p=tiandaacute;o-kuandagrave;il=strips and blocks) system, also known as tiandaacute;otiandaacute;o-kuandagrave;ikuandagrave;i (条条块块) to emphasize the plurality, is the Chinese federalismquasi-federal arrangement of administration in the People's Republic of China.
		An analogous situation can be seen in federal systems such as the United States where a federal and state agency operate in parallel, but neither has the authority to command the other.
		In the pre-reform period, provinces were seen as simply administrative units of the central government, and with the exception of the military, the provinces followed orders from the center.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Tiao-kuai (376 words)

	Publications
		"Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China" (with Gabriella Montinola and Yingyi Qian),World Politics(October, 1995) 48: 50-81.
		"The Fiscal Pact with the Devil: A Positive Approach to Fiscal Federalism, Revenue Sharing, And Good Governance," Working Paper, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 2000.
		Weingast, Barry R. The Theory of Comparative Federalism and The Emergence of Economic Liberalization in Mexico, China, and India.
	www.stanford.edu /~weingast/publications.html (537 words)

	Regional Decentralization and Fiscal Incentives: Federalism, Chinese Style
		Second generation theories of federalism extend traditional approaches by systematically studying the role of government incentives in economic performance.
		Providing government with the incentive to promote markets is especially acute for developing economies or those in transition from central planning.
		"Autonomy and Incentives in Chinese State Enterprises," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol.
	ideas.repec.org /p/wop/stanec/99013.html (805 words)

	CEPR Discussion Paper Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1994, China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises (SOE).
		We then argue that privatization, Chinese style, rests on an adequate economic and political foundation — federalism, Chinese style.
		We suggest a range of incentives that propel local governments toward SOE reform, including their harder budget constraints and increased competition from the non-state sector.
	www.cepr.org /pubs/dps/DP1838.asp (218 words)

	Genuine Federalism or Shan State Independence? Boxun News
		The Burmese generals are responsible for the rebellion of Shan people and instability of the country¡± said Sao Seng Suk, Acting President of the Shan Union and leader of Shan States Constitution Drafting Commission.
		If federal system brings peace and happiness for us, we should opt for federal system, if independence could deliver, we should go for independence¡±.
		The British restructured the Shan States as ¡° Federated Shan States¡± where the Saohpas¨C lord of the sky ¨C were given almost free reign, with minimum control, whereas Burma Proper was ministered as a British- India's Province, directly ruled by British's India.
	www.peacehall.com /news/gb/english/2005/04/200504070029.shtml (2450 words)

	Federalism, Chinese Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Federalism in China depends on the political relationships among levels of gov’t with no reference to an explicit or constitutional basis like Western federalsim.
		Theory of federalism and necessary political foundations of market-preserving federalism
		Decentralization, in particular to its special type of federalism, "market-preserving federalism"
	www.ias.berkeley.edu /lec/jaytate/peis101/day22_montinola_qian.htm (353 words)

	Political Science 353: Reforms in Post-Mao China
		The final paper is worth 40 percent and can be written on any topic related to Chinese politics in the Post-Mao era, but it must be on a topic decided on through consultation with me.
		Except for the in-class quizzes, all written assignments must be double-spaced, carefully-proofread, meticulously-cited, legible hard copy (be sure and retain a copy for your own security).
		Bin., (1999), "Citizenship in Chinese History," in Michael Hanagan and Charles Tilly, ed., Extending Citizenship, Reconfiguring States, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, pp.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~swlewis/pols353/353s98.html (1323 words)

	NBER News
		Multinational firms and the Chinese factory managers with whom they contract divide the surplus associated with export processing by Nash bargaining.
		One serious drawback of the Chinese financial system (beyond the bad-loans problem in its banking sector) may be the segmentation of the internal capital market, but it has not received much research attention.
		The theory of market-preserving federalism stresses the importance of fiscal decentralization and the incentives of government on market development.
	www.nber.org /reporter/fall03/news.html (2692 words)

	CFCG 551: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF CHINA
		PROGRAM: The course is divided into two major sections, the first providing a comprehensive introduction to Chinese politics and the second treating selected themes in more detail.
		The best general bibliography for the study of Chinese politics is maintained by Lynn White of
		REC: For those with little background on Chinese politics the following is a comprehensive though somewhat dated summary in 50 pages.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~bw9c/Syllabi/551_Fall2004.htm (1265 words)

	World Movement for Democracy - Asia Networking
		Davis, Michael C., "The Case for Chinese Federalism," Journal of Democracy, April 1999.
		Friedman, Edward, "Chinese Culture and Democracy," Journal of Democracy, July 1998.
		Chao, Linda, and Ramon H. Myers, The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan, Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
	www.wmd.org /asia/asiaBooks.html (1701 words)

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