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Topic: Chinese garden

	Chinese Garden of Friendship : Sydney's Darling Harbour
		The Chinese Garden of Friendship was designed by Sydney's Chinese sister city, Guangzhou in China.
		The gardens were developed on a site in Darling Harbour near Chinatown complementing the areas already rich Chinese heritage and culture.
		The gardens were officially opened in 1988 as part of Sydney's bicentennial celebrations and they were named the Garden of Friendship symbolising the bond bestablished between China and Australia.
	www.discoversydney.com.au /parks/chinese.html (283 words)

	Garden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale).
		A botanical garden is a type of garden where plants are grown both for scientific purposes and for the enjoyment and education of visitors.
		A zoological garden, or zoo for short, is a place where wild animals are cared for and exhibited to the public.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garden (472 words)

	Chinese garden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese gardens were created in the same way as a combination of landscape and paintings together with poems - this was the so-called "poetic garden." The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect with nature, to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism.
		Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for men, a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature.
		The flowering plum is one of the most important aspects of a Chinese garden, it represents renewal and strength of will.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_garden (469 words)

	Chinese Garden of Friendship
		Initiated by the local Chinese community to celebrate Australia’s 1988 Bicentenary and share their rich cultural heritage, the Chinese Garden is the result of a close bond of friendship and co-operation between the sister cities of Sydney in NSW, Australia, and Guangzhou in Guangdong Province, China.
		The Chinese Garden of Friendship at Darling Harbour is a scaled-down version of a typical private garden from this era.
		Exploring a Chinese garden is a journey of discovery: there are many details to be observed and only a part of the garden is visible at a time.
	www.chinesegardens.com.au /about.cfm (554 words)

	Chinese Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Chinese garden bring inspiration and self-knowledge and evokes the natural world in microcosm with rocks, plants and water arranged in clever ways lead one from a unique vantage point to another view from a different prospective.
		Chinese saying, "He who plants a garden plants happiness." Gardens are important to the Japanese and Chinese as natural places of serene, quiet beauty an intensely spiritual place, with essential elements of water, plants, stones, waterfalls, trees and bridges.
		The Chinese term for landscape, "shan shui" means "mountains and water" and no garden is without a lake or pool.
	waltm.net /cigarden.htm (179 words)

	Chinese gardens - their design and aim
		The Chinese consider gardens a serious art form and as with painting, sculpture and poetry aim to attain in their design the balance, harmony, proportion and variety that are considered essential to life.
		It was during the Tang dynasty (618-907) that the literati garden reached its height, a treatise on garden design being written in 634 by the painter-gardener Ji Cheng.
		Another key element of Chinese gardens is their covered corridors, built to allow the owners to enjoy the garden in the rain and snow.
	www.imperialtours.net /suzhou_garden.htm (739 words)

	Classical Chinese Garden Introduction
		Garden rocks that are often large and porous are considered to be among the most valuable in a Chinese garden.
		Certain plants were favored for Chinese gardens because of their association with overcoming the limitations of ordinary life.
		The buildings in a garden are designed to accent the garden with windows and doorways that frame scenic views in their courtyards and beyond.
	www.usna.usda.gov /Gardens/collections/ClassicalChineseGarden_Intro.html (314 words)

	Elements of a Chinese Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Whereas the European or American garden is primarily horticultural -- flowers, trees and lawns -- sometimes with rockery and occasionally ponds, the Chinese garden exhibits different priorities.
		Architecture in the Chinese garden is no different from that found outside of the garden, but each building is adapted to the garden site and takes on different functions than found in an ordinary setting.
		In a pond-oriented garden, the willow with its water-hardy roots was also popular, as were water lilies, lotus, water chestnuts, and wisteria which climbed the trellises of the garden's many covered bridges and walkways.
	www.seattle-chinese-garden.org /elements (1030 words)

	Dusan Pajin - Articles - Environmental Aesthetics and Chinese Gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The garden is designed to be perceived aesthetically, for the "production of aesthetic pleasure." This pleasure is the joint result of all the values of the object, of the connoisseur's contemplation and communion with the mysterious forces present in the garden and its design.
		Chinese designers created gardens that were meaningful, beautiful, and complete (yüan), even under space restrictions, and that was possible with the principles of "relativity of large, and small," and "all in one, one in all," developed in Taoism and Hua-yen.
		Aesthetic contemplation of the garden was interpenetration of the inward and outward.
	dekart.f.bg.ac.yu /~dpajin/gardens (8043 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Elaborate 4.5-acre Chinese garden planned
		The garden is expected to cost $30 million to build over a 10-year span, with the Chinese government and companies with trade ties to Asia expected to be major contributors, board members said.
		Unlike American gardens, stones and water are the main elements of Chinese gardens, signifying the body of Earth and its bloodline.
		Gardens are in the early planning stages in San Marino, Calif., and in Washington, D.C. Seattle's will be distinctive among those in North America in that it will be built in the style of the Sichuan province to reflect the culture of its sister city.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002293507_garden31m.html (844 words)

	The Chinese Garden [Montréal Botanical Garden]
		he Chinese garden is the fruit of bonds forged between the Parks Department of the City of Shanghai and the Montréal Botanical Garden.
		estled in the heart of Montréal Botanical Garden is the Dream Lake Garden, an authentic Chinese garden inspired by the private gardens popular in the southern Yangzi River region during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
		The spatial organization and pavilions' architecture, the selection of plants and minerals, the water and the contrast of yin and yang are all expressions of the secular principles of the Chinese art of landscape design.
	www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca /jardin/en/chine/chine.htm (246 words)

	Chinese Garden of Friendship : Darling Harbour : Sydney : sydney.com.au
		The Chinese Garden of Friendship is nestled at the south end of Darling harbour and a short walk from Chinatown.
		Entering the gardens is like walking backwards in time into the quiet solitude of ancient Chinese architecture and it's relationship with nature.
		The gardens occupy several acres combining waterfalls, lakes, pavilions, sculpture and animals; the fish and the ibis.
	www.sydney.com.au /chinese-garden-friendship.htm (265 words)

	The Seattle Times: Pacific Northwest Magazine
		THE VISION OF a Chinese Garden for the city is at last emerging on a six-acre sweep of land overlooking the Duwamish Greenbelt in West Seattle.
		Gardens were at the heart of Chinese culture for 2,000 years - places for poets to write and recite, for musicians to compose and perform, for artists to draw and paint.
		Such gardens use the principle of "borrowed scenery," so the views to the city skyline (and to Mount Rainier when a planned three-story Floating Clouds Pavilion is completed) take full advantage of visually extending the garden.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /pacificnw/2001/0603/plant.html (790 words)

	What Chinese Gardens are About (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Chinese classical private gardens were experienced as cultural rather the scenic.
		In other words, Chinese private gardens were spiritual shelter for men of letters --- a place closer to Nature, closer to one's own heart, closer to the ancient, while far-away from their real social lives - as they were often frustrated and disappointed at the long-lasting monarchic feudal social system in China.
		In fact, private gardens were a kind of non-spoken language with which these men of letters might speak to Nature, to themselves and to ancient idealists, with whom they might speak out what they couldn't speak normally.
	www.intranet.csupomona.edu /~ige/gardens/introlev2.htm (251 words)

	Singapore Jurong Gardens
		It is a Chinese belief that the lion is the animal representing authority and felicity.
		In the art of Chinese gardens, bridges play an important role; they are one of the most important structures and may denote the characteristics of various periods of civilizations.
		The artistic features, typical of Chinese architecture have long been appreciated by man. The arrangement of these structures is very important and one of the essential rules of the structural arrangement is that the position of each structure must be balanced by its height and size.
	www.singapore-attractions.com /juronggardens.htm (1112 words)

	The Victory Garden . Vancouver's Classical Chinese Garden \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is characteristic of the gardens built by scholars during the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), and is influenced by several such gardens in the city of Suzhou.
		The garden is a harmony of contrasts, of dark and light, solid and empty, hard and soft, straight and undulating.
		The Victory Garden and the Victory Garden logo are trademarks of WGBH Educational Foundation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/victorygarden/victorygardens/othergardens/sunyatsen (797 words)

	Chinese Garden Factsheet - Gardening Australia - ABC
		In Chinese gardens flowers are not used as central features, rather these gardens depend on a strong expressive style and the use of miniatures of buildings, bridges or ceramic figures.
		The characteristics of Chinese gardens can be seen from old Chinese paintings: distinctive foliage such as pine or maple trees, subtle mists in hollows, lakes and pools, rock outcrops or craggy cliffs.
		All round the garden in every nook and cranny, on bench space or slabs of slate, are delightful scenes which can transport you to far off places.
	www.abc.net.au /gardening/stories/s117243.htm (596 words)

	Chinese Gardens: Imperial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The grand imperial palaces and their gardens tended to be built during times of peace and prosperity in the centres of political power.
		Rocks are widely used in Chinese gardens (see more examples) and their use in imperial parks is on a grand scale.
		Yihe Yuan (Garden of the Preservation of Harmony) was rebuilt in 1888 by the Dowager Empress Cixi.
	mraggett.members.beeb.net /gardens/chinese/imperial/imperial.htm (504 words)

	[No title]
		Physalis is a genus or group of herbaceous plants belonging to the solanaceae (nightshade) family, related to tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants.
		Some are grown in the garden for their large, brightly colored, inflated papery husks and others for their small, edible fruits.
		The Chinese lantern plant is valued for its inflated orange-red seed coverings which resemble miniature Chinese lanterns.
	www.extension.umn.edu /projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/h135physalis.html (634 words)

	Pacific Rim Magazine 1998: Reflections in a Garden
		The Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is typical of the types of gardens that were built in the Suzhou area during the Ming dynasty.
		These gardens were built as part of the palatial homes of scholar-warriors, who Wai likens to the renaissance men of sixteenth century Italy, in that they were accomplished individuals of many talents.
		It is fitting that the garden came into being as part of a reaction against an attempted bulldozing of the past.
	www.langara.bc.ca /prm/1998/32garden.htm (875 words)

	Work begins on authentic Chinese garden
		The Seattle Chinese Garden, expected to be the most authentic Chinese garden in the United States, is officially under way after nearly 20 years of design, work and persistence.
		The garden, which includes the creation of a mountain landscape with a rushing gorge and other water features using 350 gallons of recycled water, reflects Seattle's relationship with its sister city, Chongqing, and Washington's sister state, Sichuan Province.
		The garden was originally envisioned as 6 acres, but the design had to be redone after it ran afoul of wetlands regulations.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/237781_nsecondary24.html?source=rss (647 words)

	The Huntington Library
		The design captures the spirit of classical Chinese gardens by incorporating traditional elements, materials, and scholarly associations.
		True to traditional practices, the Huntington’s garden is carefully situated with a northern orientation to the San Gabriel Mountains.
		At a celebratory event marking a major milestone in the Chinese Garden project, officials at The Huntington unveiled a formal name for the garden: Liu Fang Yuan, or Garden of Flowing Fragrance.
	www.huntington.org /Advancement/ChineseGarden.htm (283 words)

	Classical Chinese Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This full-block garden is a unique collaborative effort between sister cities, Portland, Oregon and Suzhou, China.
		The project is being built jointly by Schommer and Sons, and the Suzhou Classical Garden Architecture Construction Company (SCGAC), a municipal corporation.
		SCGAC has 65 Chinese artisans currently at work on the project, together with forces from Schommer and American subcontractors.
	www.schommer-sons.com /projects/garden.htm (103 words)

	Gardens
		Gardens were especially appreciated for their great beauty and naturalness.
		In time, garden design came to be regarded as a refined activity for the well-heeled and well-educated.
		Gardens were an important part of the homes of the elite long before Ming times, but reached their fullest development in the late Ming in the Jiangnan area, which comprised the southeastern part of China south of the Yangtze River, including the densely-populated cultural centers of Yangzhou, Hangzhou, and Suzhou.
	depts.washington.edu /chinaciv/home/3garintr.htm (402 words)

	Uniquely Singapore - Chinese Garden
		Built in 1975 and designed by Prof Yuen-chen Yu, a well-known architect from Taiwan, the Chinese Garden is modeled along the northern Chinese imperial style of architecture and landscaping.
		Two traditional features of Chinese architecture are the “Yao-Yueh Fang” (Stone Boat) and the “Ming Hsiang Hsieh” (Tea House), the latter a miniature structure following the style of the elaborate, winding gallery at the Summer Palace.
		Around the Chinese pavilion, plateau and tower are woven plants, rocks, a winding stream and footpaths, to create a harmonious scene.
	www.visitsingapore.com /publish/stbportal/en/home/what_to_see/parks___nature_reserves/chinese_garden.html (314 words)

	In A Chinese Garden (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Old Tai-yu knew that his garden was neither large nor impressive by the standards of the wealthy during the Ching dynasty.
		Though the garden was not a reflection of old Tai-yu's wealth, it was of the man. It was his solace, his communion with nature and his soul.
		Whispering chill winds of approaching winter were already whirling falling dying and dead leaves around the garden in flight of the ultimate quarter.
	metrotel.co.uk /jpr/iacg1.html (161 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Art of China - Architecture
		Translated from Chinese, the work is written by an expert on Chinese architecture, documenting the palace, its wooden structures, both interior and exterior views, various halls, buildings, pavilions, and gates.
		In recent years Chinese scholars have begun to write for architectural journals, to reconstruct the history of Chinese gardens, using the surviving or archaeologically excavated sites to interpret the data with relevant literature.
		Discusses garden as a work of art in forms of nature, lists the natural elements, such as mountains and water, flowers and trees, and architectural elements, such as walls and pavilions, and explains the relationship between gardens and literature and painting.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/freersac/chinarct.htm (1664 words)

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