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Topic: Chinese imperialism

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	Chinese imperialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In ancient Chinese political theory, relations between foreign states were governed by the tributary system.
		Chinese civilization expanded outwards in all directions from the area around the Yellow River, but especially towards the south.
		Under the Republic of China which succeeded the Chinese empire in 1912, Tannu Uriankhai was lost to Russia, while Mongolia became a Soviet satellite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_imperialism (661 words)

	Enver Hoxha: Imperialism and the Revolution (1979)
		US imperialism and the other capitalist states have fought and are fighting to maintain their hegemony in the world, to defend the capitalist and neo-colonialist system, to emerge from the great crisis which has them in its grip, with the fewest Possible losses.
		Imperialism and capitalism have come to understand that now they can no longer exploit the peoples of the world with the previous methods, therefore, provided their systern is not threatened, they have to concede something, which will cause them no harm, in order to keep the masses in bondage.
		Imperialism, social-imperialism and modern revisionism think that the danger to them from communism has been eliminated, because, thinking that the heavy blow which the revolution has suffered from the revisionist betrayal is irreparable, they are underestimating the strength of Marxism-Leninism, and overestimating the material, suppressive military, and economic potential they have at their disposal.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch1.htm (10374 words)

	Enver Hoxha: Imperialism and the Revolution (1979)
		The Chinese thesis, presented as an alleged Marxist thesis, which casts doubt on the fact that it is not just one but both the imperialist superpowers which are seeking the redivision of the world, to create new colonies, to oppress the peoples and extend their markets, cannot be accepted.
		The Chinese leadership seeks the unity of all the countries of the third world., which are heterogenous from any point of view: in regard to their economic, social and cultural development, the time needed and the road followed by each of them to win that degree of freedom and independence it enjoys today, etc.
		Imperialism, too, is waging a life-and-death struggle, striving to prolong its existence and, when it sees that it cannot achieve this through the usual means, then it throws itself into open war and aggression to regain its superiority and hegemony.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch4.htm (15604 words)

	Between Worlds: Chinese Identity Politics
		The history of Chinese civilization is a long one, and succeeding dynasties have been largely successful in promoting the notion of a monolithic, shared identity among Chinese subjecs.
		Because for centuries, even before the advent of Western imperialism, the Chinese have had a profound awareness of, and pride in, the Chinese nation, or at least the concept thereof.
		This independence was achieved in 1965 as a result of tensions between the ethnic Chinese and native Malay populations of the Malay States.
	brucechang.blogspot.com /2005/04/chinese-identity-politics.html (1107 words)

	China's foreign relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The military conquest of Tibet is regarded by many as an act of Chinese imperialism, or colonialism, as the Tibetans certainly did not want to belong to China or be forced to change their traditional form of government.
		Chinese control of Tibet, involving the construction of numereous roads, airstrips, and military instalations, as well as differences concerning the international border, led in 1959 to conflicts with India.
		Many overseas Chinese have been invited to visit China and have not returned with enthusiasm for the new China, but have kept quiet in order not to endanger their relatives inside China and so as not to make a second visit to their families impossible.
	www.yale.edu /ycias/Simulation/China/ChinaIntlRelations.html (1241 words)

	Chapter 4 * Class Character of the USSR [Sam Marcy]
		Nevertheless, from the point of view of explaining the present Chinese theory of the class character of the Soviet state, we cannot overlook for a second their long experience with great-nation chauvinism as a factor in their present conclusion that an "imperialist attitude" is the same as imperialism itself.
		The Chinese well understood, for instance, that the Soviet leaders had anything but an imperialist attitude toward the United States, and were in fact proceeding from fear of the really imperialist U.S and although leaders of a socialist country were conciliating with it because of their inadequacy and revisionism.
		The fact that the Chinese were originally the oppressed nation, and the fact that the Soviet leaders were guilty of great-nation chauvinism and narrow Soviet nationalism in goading the Chinese CP into the break, are extremely important.
	www.workers.org /marcy/ussr/chap4.html (12489 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He argues, “Linguistic imperialism is a primary component of cultural imperialism[and] is also central to social imperialism, which relates to the transmission of the norms and behavior of a model social structure, and these are embedded in language.
		Cultural imperialism describes the way in which the dominating stratum of a society is “attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating center of the system” (Schiller, 1976, cited in Phillipson, 1992, p.
		Even though Chinese students are drawn into a clash between Chinese and western cultures--brought by the influence of the English language--the impacts on learners’ subjective positions are not necessarily as negative as Phillipson seems to indicate.
	www.bamaed.ua.edu /~jrosiek/iandinew/petrovic3.doc (1810 words)

	Cast Away Illusions, Prepare for Struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Imperialism has pushed the great masses of the people throughout the world into the historical epoch of the great struggle to abolish imperialism.
		All these wars of aggression, together with political, economic and cultural aggression and oppression, have caused the Chinese to hate imperialism, made them stop and think, "What is all this about?" and compelled them to bring their revolutionary spirit into full play and become united through struggle.
		In 1884-85 the French aggressors invaded Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Kwangsi, Fukien, Taiwan and Chekiang.
	www.marx2mao.com /Mao/CAI49.html (2619 words)

	Article by JD
		The attachment of the Chinese to every inch of the territory of the old Manchu empire is rooted so deep it cannot be touched by reason or argument.
		A well-adjusted Chinese citizen is expected to have "moved on" from the horrors of Maoism (1949-76) but to be fuming with indignation at the Opium Wars (1839-42).
		For all their veneer of sophistication and modernity, the Chinese are trapped in a pre-modern, almost prehistoric view of their own nationality— a view that has been cultivated very carefully by the communists.
	www.olimu.com /Journalism/Texts/Commentary/HittingTheWall.htm (755 words)

	Democratic propaganda blinds all in Tibetan controversy - Minnesota Daily
		From 1728 to 1912, numerous imperial ambassadors known as "ambans" were stationed in Tibet to keep watch of the land while allowing it to maintain autonomy as well as religious freedom.
		From the Chinese perspective, Tibet is a most crucial piece to the reunification of the motherland.
		Essentially, the Chinese consider Tibet to be as much a part of the motherland as Americans see the states of Texas, New Mexico, Nevada and California to be parts of the United States, not as land taken from Mexico.
	www.mndaily.com /articles/2002/09/24/33387 (1100 words)

	military news about China
		This growing contact with the Chinese military is encouraging Japanese legislators to increase military spending, expanding the Japanese military, and increasing Japan's offensive capability.
		The weapons plant is run by the military, and the dead and injured were soldiers.
		The government believes that these technical experts are a military asset, and training these people in China prevents many of them from staying in foreign nations where they received their higher education.
	www.strategypage.com /fyeo/qndguide/default.asp?target=CHINA.HTM (590 words)

	The Class Character of the USSR (1977) : THE HISTORY OF USSR-CHINA RELATIONS
		The Chinese, in their frustrated drive to get revolutionary allies against revisionism within the Soviet bloc, began to imply that this Soviet aid was harmful.
		Withering as Mao's criticism may have been, it hardly implied that the Soviet leaders were imperialist in their own right, but rather that they were people in abject fear of the real imperialists and incapable of fighting them.
		As previously mentioned, the Chinese had been trying for years to get allies for their then leftist opposition to the conservative leaders of the USSR so as to more vigorously promote the world revolution.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/samclass/class/pcnvrt04.htm (12492 words)

	ComingAnarchy.com » Blog Archive » The attraction of Chinese imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		15 Responses to “The attraction of Chinese imperialism”
		I heard many a Chinese sing the “thanks to the government,...” tune in interviews on local TV news publicizing the construction of new housing or awarding of scholarships to disadvantaged students.
		In my experience, young Chinese are much more outspoken than their elders, who lived through the Great Leap Backward, Let 100 Flowers Bloom, the Cultural Revolution, and other unnatural disasters unleashed upon the Chinese people by the Chairman Mao.
	www.cominganarchy.com /?p=1904 (2276 words)

	ComingAnarchy.com » Blog Archive » Chinese Turkestan 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Due to “efficient” Chinese officials, one of our members was left with no time to get a Kazakh visa.
		Considering we didn’t understand Chinese (or Uyghur) and at one point my partner came down with a mild strain of cholera (thanks to the gypsy bus), we had a blast.
		Very few Han Chinese tourists go to Hotan – not that I have anything against them, but it makes for a different experience.
	www.cominganarchy.com /archives/2005/01/19/chinese-turkestan-2004 (1424 words)

	Center for Chinese Studies: Publications & Projects: Directory of North American Sinologists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This searchable database of 700+ China specialists in the US, Canada, and Mexico is maintained by the Center for Chinese Studies.
		It was developed in collaboration with and under funding from the PRC National Commission for Classics Editing and Research by Institutions of Higher Education.
		The Chinese Revolution in Historical Perspective, Greenwood & Praeger, 1991; Mrs Chiang's Szechwan Cookbook (w/ Ellen Schrecker), Harper & Row, 1976; Reform in Nineteenth Century China (ed w/ Paul Cohen), Harvard U, 1976; Imperialism and Chinese Nationalism, Harvard U, 1971; Asia in Perspective (ed), Philomathean Society, U Pennsylvania, 1959
	www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu /projects/search.php?id=415 (249 words)

	Imperialism and Chinese Politics — www.greenwood.com
		Home » Catalog » Imperialism and Chinese Politics
		This book is not currently available for purchase Online.
		Series Title: China Studies: Studies in Chinese History and Civilization
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/U6963.aspx (49 words)

	chinaimp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Click here to return to Imperialism Changes the World main page
		Click here to find out about China's resistance to European imperialism
		Click here to link to map of Imperialism in China
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /departments/isa/ninvest/imperial/chinaimp.htm (125 words)

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