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Topic: Chinese Minorities

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	Chinese Language - MSN Encarta
		Chinese is also spoken by large immigrant communities in South East Asia, North and South America, and in the Hawaiian Islands.
		Chinese languages, together with Tibetan and Burmese and the many tribal languages of South and South East Asia, belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages, forming a sub-group of their own called Chinese.
		However, they are mutually unintelligible and have their own dialects, and for these reasons are classed as languages, not dialects; the differences among them are analogous to the differences in pronunciation and vocabulary among the Romance languages.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565543/Chinese_Language.html (752 words)

	Chinese Language - MSN Encarta
		Chinese is also spoken by large emigrant communities, such as those in Southeast Asia, North and South America, and the Hawaiian Islands.
		As the dominant language of East Asia, Chinese has greatly influenced the writing systems and vocabularies of neighboring languages not related to it by origin, such as the Japanese language, the Korean language, and the Vietnamese language.
		Besides a core vocabulary and sounds, Chinese and many related languages share features that distinguish them from most Western languages: They have even less inflection than the English language and are tonal.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565543/Chinese_Language.html (740 words)

	The Uighurs / Chinese Cultural Policy in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most scholars of Chinese politics have agreed that this was due to the influence of the USSR on the political and economic life of Xinjiang.
		The implication of this collection was the appropriation of the ethnic minorities’ music while rejecting of some of its elements that were considered not urgent or “backward.” In fact, the model of appropriation and assimilation of minority music and culture reflects the Chinese nationalistic ideas of assimilation.
		Undoubtedly, the collection, translation, and publication of the material on the minorities, which encouraged minorities to preserve their own culture, would have been a great contribution by the central government in promoting of minority culture, were it not for the fact that the process aimed to reduce the minority mausical treasure to 0,75%.
	members.tripod.com /the_uighurs/ChineseCultPolicy.htm (7152 words)

	Reflections on China
		Minority cultures tend to be expressed (or are represented as being expressed) through distinctive languages, religions, songs and dances, dress, and marriage, funerary, and other customs.
		Minority group members are famously exempted from China’s one-child policy (those in cities are allowed two children, in the countryside three), and there are a number of minority universities throughout the country that cater to minority students and actually require lower entrance standards than regular universities.
		Add to that the Chinese habit of avoiding confrontation by telling an interlocutor what he wants to hear, or of people keeping their true thoughts to themselves lest they say something wrong and it get back to the authorities, and you are never 100% sure what is going on.
	faculty.reinhardt.edu /good/china.htm (4859 words)

	<MUTTI-L> Unequal Rights and Special Abuse for Ethnic Minorities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In their next point, the level of Chinese language education is touted and as an element in the sinofication of the 'minority' areas, it serves to speed along the assimilation of the non-Chinese peoples.
		Examining the latest Chinese government paper reveals that the special rights accorded the minority people are a smoke screen to deflect criticism and that in reality, they are as much slaves to the Chinese Communist Party as the remainder of the Chinese people.
		Furthermore, the pronouncement of the 'great achievements' of the Chinese government to aid the 'minority' peoples is an attempt to whitewash and justify the occupation of their countries.
	www.mail-archive.com /mutti-l@taklamakan.org/msg00074.html (1610 words)

	minority
		The ethnic Chinese, known as the Han Chinese, compose 93 percent of the population.
		Since minorities reside in the remote area and usually poor, Chinese government has preference policy to provide training for the minorities to progress, govern and manage.
		Chinese would like to enjoy the peaceful environment and definitely can accommodate all religions and nationalities if there is no foreign interference.
	www.index-china.com /minority/minority-english.htm (2663 words)

	White Paper--Fifty Years of Progress in China's Human Rights
		For the previous half century, the Chinese people, led by the Chinese government, had unswervingly probed into and fought for the elimination of poverty and backwardness, the building of a strong and prosperous, culturally advanced, democratic country, and the achievement of the lofty ideal of complete human rights.
		Since then, the Chinese people have become the masters of their means of production and the owners of the wealth of society, thus calling forth their enthusiasm for building a new country and creating a new life, and promoting the rapid development of society and the economy, and the improvement of the people's livelihood.
		Chinese law provides that all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages.
	www.chinesehumanrightsreader.org /governments/2000wp.html (9741 words)

	E-mail interview--Chinese minorities
		Her concrete questions reveal that she was well informed and cued the scholar that she shared his views.
		I've heard that you are an expert in the field of Chinese minorities and I was hoping to be able to have an interview with you.
		The discovery of many more minorities in the 70's and 80's occurred at a time when the classifications had already laid down, and thus interest lessened in actual "scientific" field research, vs the modern striving for economic profit at all costs, i.e., China is now almost a 1st nouveau riche entrepreneurial capitalist system.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c019125/old_site/freelance-password/leeinterview.html (566 words)

	[No title]
		As opposed to empowering minorities, it is meant to encourage assimilation and the creation of a peaceful, unified and essentially Han country.
		Though minorities in many areas have benefited from affirmative action, and cross-cultural cooperation and intermarriage are up, minorities in general remain poorer than the Han.
		Minority people also complain of continued Han racism - the undisguised and condescending belief that Han culture is naturally superior.
	web.pdx.edu /~jacey/affirmativeaction.htm (1362 words)

	China Style - The Origin of Ancient Oriental Civilization
		For the Chinese, calligraphy, the ancient art of the written word, is not just a method of communication but also a means of expressing the dynamic forces of the natural world.
		A Chinese calligrapher's tools (Calligraphy Set), like those of a painter, are comprised of four basic items that are commonly referred to as the "four treasures of the study".
		An important part of the country's cultural heritage, the traditional Chinese painting is distinguished from Western art in that it is executed on xuan paper (or silk) with the Chinese brush, Chinese ink and mineral and vegetable pigments.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/01780/index.htm (612 words)

	Border-Crossing Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A classic approach to ethnic minorities would view them as being ‘strangers’ in society, where their identities often are distinct from the mainstream or majority identity.
		Indeed, minority groups might not only be ‘different’ from the majority group, but might be ‘different’ from their homeland identity, if they were a diasporic group.
		As such, the Chinese, both wealthy and poor, are an ethnic minority group facing a wide range of discrimination and frequently are relegated to relatively low positions in society—inferior, vulnerable, and subordinate.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2005abst/Border/bc-1.htm (1130 words)

	Chinese Han and 55 minorities
		There are 55 minorities in China but only 8% of the total population.
		But one thing is sure that Chinese is taught to live in harmony with people and the nature.
		There is nothing in the deep root that it will lead Chinese as a nation to a state of violence and invasiveness.
	www.index-china.com /index-english/people-regions-s.html (298 words)

	The China Project
		Students will examine Chinese propaganda posters from the late 1950s to the early 1980s that were aimed at minority groups.
		Minority groups had to be "educated" in order to assist in the efforts to bring progress to China.
		Li Yu's work established how minority groups were often associated with the themes of social prosperity, lack of progress and education, national security and national unity.
	www.globaled.org /chinaproject/teachingmaterials/lesson_57_china.php (671 words)

	Ethnic minorities in China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition to these officially recognized ethnic minority groups, there are PRC nationals who privately classify themselves as members of unrecognized ethnic groups (such as Jewish, Tuvan, Oirat and Ili Turki).
		However, all the ethnic minorities in China are Chinese citizens, regardless of the fact that they are sometimes referred to as different "nationalities" in English, and the Chinese-language term that is used to refer to different ethnic groups, minzu, is not specific on citizenship status.
		The "regional autonomies" are also to protect ethnic minorities' freedom of religion, however, the issue of freedom of religion in the PRC is, in itself, highly controversial and debatable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Chinese_nationalities (1254 words)

	Chinese Definition of a Nationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the 1980s the Chinese government recognized fifty-six nationalities in China, the majority Han grouping and fifty-five minority nationalities.
		The Chinese have a number of different names and spellings for a single minority.
		Note also that China's neighbors do not always have the same name for their minorities, as does China for the same people.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Minorities/China-min-definition.html (177 words)

	Chinese Ethnic Minorities
		From the hinterlands of the north, to the lush jungles in the south, from the mountains of Taiwan in the east, to the top of the world in the west, China serves as home to 56 official ethnic groups.
		The largest group, the Han, make up over 92% of China's vast population, and it is the elements of Han civilization that world considers "Chinese culture." Yet, the 55 ethnic minorities, nestled away on China's vast frontiers, maintain their own rich traditions and customs, and all are part of Chinese culture.
		Although over 400 minority groups answered a call to register, studies found that there was a lot of overlapping, and a significant number of groups that claimed to be separate were actually the same with different names.
	www.c-c-c.org /chineseculture/minority/minority.html (702 words)

	Myths on Fire by James Ostrowski
		As I argue elsewhere, many civil wars have resulted from the desire of a minority ethnic group to secede from a state controlled by a hostile ethnic majority.
		In Indonesia, "Chinese plutocrats accumulated great wealth by exploiting their corrupt ties with the increasingly hated Suharto." In Mexico, according to Chua, the main beneficiaries of privatization were the President and his cronies including Lebanese businessman Carlos Slim.
		Second, given that democracies allow ethnic majorities to beat up on ethnic minorities, it is critically important to support the right of ethnic and religious minorities to secede and form their own nations.
	www.lewrockwell.com /ostrowski/ostrowski53.html (722 words)

	Photo of Boats On River in Sichuan, And Chinese Lake in Minorities Park, Yunnan Province.
		The Chinese Phoenix Boat shown in the photo of China from Kunming was taken in the local Minorities Park.
		The open door picture of a Chinese Dragon at the entrance to the long driveway leading to the Temple Of Heaven in Beijing shows it was ready to defend its Chinese Emperor.
		Chinese cousins in the UK, one on a holiday visit from Guangzhou, China, laugh and joke together about nothing in particular, but they are happy.
	beifan.com /000china/ph101boats.html (734 words)

	China Studies Curriculum - Equality
		The Huis, for example, are Chinese who converted to Islam during the seventh century and form a religious minority within China.
		While it is true that the minorities make up a small part of China's total population, the support of millions of people is still an asset to the government.
		But after observing the Chinese for a month in several different cities and talking to many people of both genders, I have come to the conclusion that in China, like so many other countries, males play a dominant role in every aspect of the society.
	www.indstate.edu /chinaeduc/equality.html (3484 words)

	Chinese National Ethnic Minorities Program
		The Library Database is an on-going collection of resources related to Chinese minorities and Chinese minority studies.
		In Nationalism and the crises of ethnic minorities in Asia ed.
		Hanwen minzu yi ci de chuxian jiqi chuqi shiyong qingkuang (The emergence of the term minzu in Han (Chinese) language and usage).
	www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu /minorities/library.php (1926 words)

	Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: Chinese Language & Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Chinese call their country Zhongguo, which means "Central Country" or "Middle Kingdom." The name China was given to it by foreigners and is probably based on a corruption of Qin (pronounced "chin"), a Chinese dynasty that ruled during the 3rd century BC.
		Chinese software is needed for some of the browsing.
		Chinese Language Teachers Association, Inc. (CLTA)) is a professional organization devoted exclusively to the study of Chinese language, culture and pedagogy.
	www.nv.cc.va.us /vflc/chinese.htm (1222 words)

	The Art and Images of China :: Culture :: Chinese Opera :: Costumes, Page 1
		We'll try to have at least one representative picture for each minority recognized by the government of China and perhaps a few more than that in the future.
		Notice that each of the nationalities represented in these images are wearing traditional clothing and dress.
		This is often times a very significant way of discerning between minorities.
	www.ibiblio.org /chineseart/contents/cult/c06s02p01.html (226 words)

	Chinese Faculty
		Education: B.A. in Chinese History and World History, Beijing Normal University; M.A. courses on history of Chinese minorities at the Central Institute for Nationalities, Beijing, China; M.A. in American History, Illinois State University; M.A. in Modern Chinese History, Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D. in Modern Chinese History, Johns Hopkins University.
		Chinese Language and Culture: An introduction to Chinese language--skills and structure combined with reading and discussion in English of selected topics on the culture of China.
		Beginning Chinese II: A consolidation of the foundations established in the Beginning Chinese I. Continues work in pronunciation, grammar, character writing, sentence structure and vocabulary.
	www.central.edu /modlang/chinese_faculty.htm (294 words)

	The Frequently-Asked Questions about HSK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A: All HSK certificates are issued by the National Commission of Chinese Proficiency Test, which is under the Ministry of Education of China.
		Your Chinese level in the category that you have applied will be decided by the total scores that you obtain in the test.
		The tutoring sessions and the mock test are very helpful, especially for those who know traditional (unsimplified) Chinese characters only, because currently all HSK tests are in simplified characters, and all the test instructions are given exclusively in Chinese.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/chinese/HSK/HSKFAQ.html (2476 words)

	A review of the book WORLD ON FIRE by Amy Chua. Eugenics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As a result, whereas one can relatively freely explore and talk about the phenomenon of, say, a 3 percent Chinese minority controlling 70 percent of a country's wealth, it is far more difficult to ascertain or even discuss the extent of Jewish economic influence in any given context.
		The Chinese are treated in a straightforward manner, as if they are not really a people but a phenomenon, more of statistical interest rather than anything else.
		There was another critical factor: After about 1910, Chinese women began accompanying their husbands and sons in significant numbers to Thailand, raising a barrier to intermarriage and assimilation.
	home.comcast.net /~neoeugenics/wof.htm (9404 words)

	The Ancient Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chinese Myths and Fantasies – Learn about a wide variety of Chinese myths and fantasies, including the story of Pan Ku.
		Chinese Dragon Homepage – Here you will find plenty of information about Chinese dragons, from how they originated to their effects on Chinese culture.
		Chinese Silk – Learn the history of the Chinese discovery of silk by the wife of an emperor.
	pusd.k12.ca.us /teacher/sabato/china.html (2097 words)

	Chinese Medicine Treatment - Medicine Info from Cahnet.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Xu said the high-cost research project needed more funding as ít moved to the next stage of yielding tangible benefits ín the treatment of liver diseases.
		Singapore- Free traditional Chinese médícíné services are being made available for elderly Singaporeans, a charity group said Monday.
		Chinese scientists working on an international research project say they are on the way to develop the future diagnostic method and therapy for deadly liver diseases by using a kind of protein chip ín blood tests
	www.cahnet.net (245 words)

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