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	Music of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In subsequent dynasties, the development of Chinese music was strongly influenced by foreign music, especially that of Central Asia.
		Chinese vocal music has traditionally been sung in a thin, nonresonant voice or in falsetto and is usually solo rather than choral.
		Musical forms considered superstitious or anti-revolutionary were repressed, and harmonies and bass lines were added to traditional songs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_music (3385 words)

	Culture of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In essence, the history of 20th century China is one of experimentation to find a new system of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse.
		Early Chinese music was based on percussion instruments, which later gave away to string and reed instruments.
		Chinese architecture, examples of which can be found over 2,000 years ago, has long been a landmark of Chinese culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_culture (2636 words)

	World Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The music is also heterophonic, with all the musicians playing different variations of the same melody and most of the melodies are pentatonic (based on scales of five notes).
		Chinese musical compositions have utilised a comprehensive system of harmonies commonly known as the chi, shang, yü, chüeh and kung harmonies.
		Chinese instrumental orchestration is based on the use of silk (szu), bamboo (chu), reeded wind (ch'ui), and percussion (ta) tonal components.
	www.digital-daydreams.com /enc/world/show_country.php?id=28 (1282 words)

	Chinese Music (Reference)
		Chinese music today is also influenced by Western musical concepts, which is an inevitable consequence of historical and social change.
		Chinese instrumental music is traditionally heterophonic if it is performed on more than one instrument or for an instrument and voice.
		Music for the suona is loud and piercing because of the instrument's construction and its function as an outdoor instrument.
	www.teachervision.fen.com /asia/musical-instruments/8575.html (1460 words)

	Chinese Musical Instruments - Sheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
		Sheng is also the first musical instrument in the world utilizing a "coupled acoustical system," between an air column and a free reed.
		Music is produced by blowing and sucking the air through a metal tube connected to the base.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Music/mus-sheng.html (297 words)

	Musical Notation System
		A system is used where two staves are required to cover the range of the instrument (as with a keyboard instrument), or where multiple related instruments are played (as with three violin parts on a score).
		The modern system of a universal standard 5-line staff was first adopted in France, and became widely used by the 16th century (although the use of staffs with other numbers of lines was still widespread well into the 17th century).
		Sometimes the pitches of music written in just intonation are notated with the frequency ratios, while Ben Johnston has devised a system for representing just intonation with traditional western notation and the addition of accidentals which indicate the cents a pitch is to be lowered or raised.
	www.playable-sheet-music.com /music-notation.htm (2320 words)

	Chinese Music Monograph Series
		The quest for meaning of existence by Chinese musical philosophers focused on (1) the importance of communication between one another and commitments to contribution to society, and (2) the human position in the cosmic world.
		Pursuing our exploration of the almost limitless caverns of Chinese music and orchestration, so much of which has never yet come to the knowledge of the rest of the world, we approach the subject from both the angles of principles and practice.
		Chinese music, however, is unique in its uninterrupted history of more than 8000 years and very early development of theoretical systematics, acoustical and material science, and orchestral practice.
	www.chinesemusic.net /book_journey_preface.html (728 words)

	Chinese Musical Customs
		For example: sixty thousand Chinese were thoroughly routed by four or five thousand Anglo-french, it is true; but their General, seeing the battle lost, neatly severed his neck with a sword--without having recourse to his servants, as did the Romans--and was satisfied only when his head had fallen off.
		There is a remarkable story of a Chinese woman who, attending an opera in which Confucius painted movingly the joys of maternal love, started to cry bitterly at the beginning of the seventh act.
		Chinese and Western customs differ in all aspects of the arts, particularly music, and are close at only one point: to admiral the fleets, they choose sailors.
	arts.ucsc.edu /faculty/lieberman/Chinese.html (1523 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		That is why Chinese string tuning is stacked fifth-fourth in all respects rather than the fifth-fifth stacking as is practiced in the West today, and exemplified by the violin family, which includes the violin, the viola, and the cello.
		Chinese music is built on a totally consistent harmonic system which controls melodic progression, orchestration, and temperament use.
		It is perhaps the only major musical system in the world that has such all-encompassing requirements on all aspects of its music, and at the same time allowing the largest flexibility in the acceptance of harmonic intervals into music.
	www.amazon.fr /exec/obidos/ASIN/1880464039 (744 words)

	Chinese Music - Music Paradise
		Musical speculation and descriptions of musical performances began to appear in many of the historical, ceremonial, and literary documents written between the 6th and 1st centuries BC.
		This is evident in the sustained attention given to accuracy in musical tuning, which was seen as essential to the harmony of the world: the readjustment of pitch became one of the first acts of a new emperor, and an Imperial Office of Music was established under Han Wudi (Wu-ti) (r.140-87 BC).
		In Buddhist ceremonies the muyu ("Chinese temple block"), a slit-gong of camphor wood in a symbolic carving of a fish, is used for setting the musical pulse.
	musicparadise.8m.com /chinese.htm (1056 words)

	China: Classical Music
		Chinese music is basically pentatonic-diatonic, meaning that the basic pentatonic scale can be modulated within a diatonic context.
		The system of tabulature notation was invented in the T'ang period, replacing an older system in which a piece was described entirely in words (some of these sources survive).
		This is the most characteristic instrument of the Chinese classical orchestra, described in writing as early as the Han Dynasty, and found in variants thoughout the area.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/china.html (1390 words)

	Horse Sense Herbs - Medicine Part 1 - Ancient Chinese Remedies for the Modern Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chinese history has to be taken into account to understand how the Yao Wu (Chinese term which relates to all forms of medicine of China, plants, animals, metals, etc.) works.
		The Nei Jing was also called the Huang DI Nei Jing.and also the Chinese musical system, also taught how to invent a system of weights and measurements.
		Before we talk about horses and Chinese medicine in-depth, it is important for the reader to understand that China was taken over by communists in the middle of this century.
	www.horsesenseherbs.ca /pages/medicine.html (1654 words)

	Chinese Music
		Instrumental music is played on solo instruments or in small ensembles of plucked and bowed stringed instruments, flutes, and various cymbals, gongs, and drums.
		Shanghai's fiddle, flute and banjo music from teahouses are famous outside of China, and are wildly popular in the city.
		The music is often guttural with high-pitched vocals, usually accompanied by shawm, jinghu and other kinds of string instruments.
	www.chineseculture.info /culture/music.htm (2168 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Music before the 16th Century
		The ancient Chinese wind instrument, the cheng, sheng or Chinese organ, consisting of a set of pipes arranged in a hollow gourd and sounded by means of free-reeds, the air being fed to the pipes in the reservoir by the mouth through a pipe shaped like the spout of a tea-pot.
		Music was essential to the pattern and texture of Greek life, as it was an important feature of religious festivals, marriage and funeral rites, and banquet gatherings.
		Musically, Dunstable's significant contribution to the theory and practice of composition in the early fifteenth century was the introduction of more melodic music and outlining chords as a part of the melody.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory35.htm (16669 words)

	Tuning system in ancient Chinese Bells
		A unitary ensemble of 65 bells, with 130 discrete strike tones, was excavated in a fully preserved state 1978 in the Chinese province of Hubei from the tomb of the Marquis Yi of Zeng from 433 B.C. The ensemble's tuning system could now for the first time be determined by applying exclusively empirical methods.
		The bells of the lower and upper tiers roughly match the 12-tone system of the 33 melody bells in the middle tier.
		The 65 Zeng bells prove that about 2500 years ago the Chinese had fifth generation, fifth temperament, a 12-tone system in musical practice (not just in theory), a norm tone for an orchestral ensemble, an integration of fifths and thirds in tuning, and a preference of pure thirds over pure fifths.
	web.telia.com /~u57011259/Zengbells.htm (1836 words)

	Becoming American: The Chinese Experience \| PBS
		Chinese culture is not only inclusive of the 56 ethnic groups, it also integrates many facets of western culture including Jewish, Christian, and Islam by religion, and European and Asian by geography.
		Chinese culture is a part of American culture now, no different from Italian culture, Irish culture, German culture, Spanish culture or African culture.
		I am not questioning the credential of these professionals, but it seems that either Chinese are not trusted to these positions, or they are less qualified because they can read their mother language better.
	www.pbs.org /becomingamerican/portraits/portrait.php?id=23 (736 words)

	Chinese traditional musical instruments: pipa and guzheng
		The pipa is a four-stringed Lute, one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments which appeared in Chinese written texts of the second century BC.
		There were huge repertoires of pipa music in Chinese history, particularly during the Tang Dynasty.
		Guzheng (or zheng) is a plucked string instrument that is part of the zither family, related to the Japanese koto, Vietnamese dan tranh and Korean kayagum.
	www.geocities.com /lfpipa/Pipaeng.html (1030 words)

	Chinese pipa - A brief history, photos and music samples
		Today, the simplified version of music scores are commonly used in which numbers representing pitch and symbols representing finger techniques are used.
		Many of the compositions that make up the traditional repertoire, which were handed down from generation to generation through individual artists and scholars, date back hundreds of years, while others are part of a body of compositions that are dynamic and growing.
		Traditional Chinese string instruments: plucked and bowed strings - the lute, ziter, and huqin (fiddle) families.
	www.philmultic.com /pipa.html (1366 words)

	Hurst - Chinese Origins
		Yu’s discussion of differences between Chinese and Western philosophical premises suggests that a searching examination of the assumptions on which we ground our understanding of the mimetic is necessary before we embark on an endeavor based on such concepts in the Chinese context.
		Instead, classical Chinese ontology builds logical edifices that function in the parallel or wind with Escher-like complexity upon themselves, rather than delineating a "beginning" or "end." This is not to say that there is no sense of progression in classical Chinese philosophy.
		First, in those with inscriptions (only a small portion of the known bronzes) the system of relationship indicated demonstrates a linkage of the demarcation of time, interpersonal relation, and ritual relation which is very suggestive for the questions of deferral of violence through ritual and symbolic communication.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0602/hurst.htm (6251 words)

	Chinese Music Vol 16 No 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Twentieth century brought us a large collection of highly artificial art songs, most of which has little linkage to Chinese music as a whole, and many composers of which wrote in differing styles in a somewhat experimental fashion.
		Perhaps due to mental activities deeply rooted in the Chinese musical system and Chinese culture, and a love for music and progress in society, Sha Mei's talents and vision projected far beyond many of his peers.....
		The ancient traditions of Chinese music and poetry are valuable sources of inspiration and influence for computer music today.
	www.chinesemusic.net /cm934.htm (339 words)

	UPM \|\| In the News
		Music, dance and special performances bring the sights, sounds and spectacles of China to Museum galleries and auditoriums.
		Chinese healing and martial arts continue to gain popularity in America, and visitors will have an opportunity to see and learn more about several traditions.
		Chinese New Year traditions, such as the Chinese zodiac and its legend, how the New Year is celebrated in China, and the customary decorations, are the subjects of a workshop run by Ting Ting Jin, Bilingual Counseling Assistant at the McCall School, in the second floor Nevil classroom, 11 a.m.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/news/fullrelease.php?which=98 (1301 words)

	News Releases
		In both groups, the earlier an individual began music lessons, the more likely he or she was to have perfect pitch.
		A top authority on musical perception, Deutsch is the editor of “The Psychology of Music” (2nd edition 1999) and is the founding president of the Society for Music Perception and Cognition.
		Her past research has explored the way we hold musical information in memory and how we relate the sounds of music and speech to each other.
	ucsdnews.ucsd.edu /newsrel/soc/DeutschTone.asp (995 words)

	ETHNOMUSICOLOGY / Discussion Sparked by 9,ooo year-old Chinese flutes find
		In the Chinese text on page 1 of the book, it states that the Jiahu flutes were unearthed in 1979 at the Wuyang County, Henan Province.
		It was unanimous: The Jiahu bone flutes were the earliest Chinese musical instruments, with the scale, and it could play melodies.
		Regarding the amazement concerning the accuracy of the tuning system of flute number 341:2: The hole-drilling method and the arrangement of the five-tone scale shows at that time, the practice of Chinese music had already entered a new realm.
	www.greenwych.ca /9ooo-1.htm (3982 words)

	Google:Summer of Code - Qin music notation generator
		A Chinese character is a two dimensional typological representation of strokes and radicals.
		The Qin is a Chinese musical instrument with a music specificaton language that serves as a good example of Chinese character stroke and radical combinations.
		The notation which represents the music is made with a set of characters and radicals.
	web.pdx.edu /~candy/qin (409 words)

	Amazon.com: Chinese Musical Instruments (Chinese Music Monograph Series): Books: Yuan-Yuan Lee,Sin-Yan Shen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chinese Music and Orchestration: A Primer on Principles and Practice (Chinese Music Monograph Series) by Sin-Yan Shen
		Pursuing our exploration of the almost limitless caverns of Chinese music and musical instruments, so much of which has never yet come to the knowledge of the rest of the world, we approach the subject from both the angles of principles and practice.
		The Chinese orchestra is several dozens of acoustically unified and musically interesting orchestras, primarily based on reeded wind and plucked strings as orchestral tone quality bases.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1880464039?v=glance (1784 words)

	Chinese Musical Instruments : Musical Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bring your life into balance chinese musical instruments and harmony with the ancient art of Fend Shui.
		Musical Instruments Used Low Price - Best Prices Musical Instruments Used HOME Drum Parts Guitar Notes Violin Auction Other Drums And Percussion Saxophones For Sale Ovation Guitar Toy Musical Instruments Left Handed Guitars Gibson Guitars Premier Drums Midi Drums Used Drum Sets Wireless Microphones Guitar Stand Yamaha Piano Mandolins Chinese Musical...
		Country: Pakistan.12 hard nylon sequences of dupont, color based for the easy, red replacement for c and the blue one for the country of the f.: Pakistan.Box that takes filled up nylon of edredÃ³n for the storage or the route.
	www.alhambra-orchestra.com /73-Chinese-Musical-Instruments.html (654 words)

	Amazon.com: Chinese System Of Natural Cures: Books: Henry C. Lu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Discover traditional Chinese herbal healing formulas--and how to use the Four Energies, the Five Flavors, and the Four Movements to prescribe various herbal treatments, as well as acupuncture and other methods of pain relief.
		Detailed sections of specific treatments of patients' complaints, and recommended herbal treatments for diagnosed diseases, including high cholesterol, diabetes, heart and coronary problems, arthritis, allergies, and more.
		The formula that Dr. Lu presents to reach a diagnosis is difficult to understand, his positive/negative number scheme is not easily comprehendable.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0806906162?v=glance (505 words)

	What Chord Do I Play??? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This "system" is something I have developed in response to the need for something to teach people how to figure out the correct chord for the music they are playing.
		So I sat down and tried to see if I could sort out what my brain was doing when it heard music and predicted chords.
		To avoid having to memorize all the note/chord associations literally, I have assigned a number to each note in the scale, like the Chinese musical notation system.
	www.eaglequest.com /~pgoelz/whatchord.html (421 words)

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