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Topic: Chinese nationalists

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	Yasukuni Shrine: A Problem With No Single Solution [angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In such cases, even an unconditional surrender to all demands may be seen as insufficient or insincere by Chinese nationalists, and would hold the potential to cause a volatile backlash similar in type and scale to the anti-Japanese riots witnessed earlier in 2005.
		Nationalists and seperatists in Chinese-Taiwan have additionally been known to have used the inclusion of Taiwanese in Yasakuni in their effort to draw Japan in between China and the island.
		Japanese nationalists make the headlines in China and the US ever other week, but the coverage that they receive is out of all proportion to their actual strength.
	angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com /yasakuni_shrine_a_problem_with_no_solution.htm (6077 words)

	China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese was the official language, though periods of Mongol and Manchu conquest saw the arrival of Mongol and Manchu as alternate official languages.
		Chinese characters have had many variants and styles throughout the Chinese history, and were "simplified" in the mid-20th century on mainland China.
		Chinese nationalism, cultural, historiographical, and political theories, movements and beliefs that assert the idea of a cohesive, unified Chinese people and culture under state(s) that are primarily Chinese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/China (5176 words)

	Chinese nationalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Among the questions on which Chinese nationalists have disagreed is what policies would lead to a strong China, what is the structure of the state that is the goal, what should the be relationship between China and foreign powers, and what should be the relationships between the majority Han Chinese, minority groups, and overseas Chinese.
		Since the mid-1860s, Chinese nationalistic thought has asserted that the bulk of the population whose languages belong to the Sinitic linguistic family, despite their differences in terms of geography, customs and social organizations, should view themselves as a monolithic "Han" nationality.
		The official Chinese nationalistic view in the 1920s and 1930s was heavily influenced by modernism and social darwinism, and included advocacy of the cultural assimilation of ethnic groups dominated by the Han state into the "culturally advanced" Han state, to become in name as well as in fact members of the "Zhonghua Nationality".
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/chinese_nationalism (1383 words)

	Chinese nationalism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chinese nationalistic ideologies all regard (Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)) Sun Yat-Sen very highly, and tend to claim to be ideological heirs of the three peoples principles.
		In addition, Chinese nationalistic ideologies tend to regard both (A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) democracy and (A particular branch of scientific knowledge) science as positive forces, although they often have radically different notions of what democracy means.
		In the late 19th century, Chinese nationalism identified Han with Chinese and argued for the overthrow of the (The Tungusic language spoken by the Manchu people) Manchus who were considered outside the realm of the Chinese nation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chinese_nationalism.htm (1664 words)

	Zhonghua Minzu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zhonghua Minzu (Traditional Chinese: 中華民族; Simplified Chinese: 中华民族; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú), is a Mandarin Chinese term that in modern China, describes a notion of a "Chinese nationality" transcending ethnic divisions- in other words, a civic "nationality" as opposed to an "ethnic" one, with a central loyalty to China as a whole.
		Many hold that this concept was introduced by Chinese nationalists to justify the political integration of various ethnic groups of China.
		Even greater difficulty arises when considering groups like the Manchu, whose cultural identity is very distinct from that of the Han Chinese yet whose history has been tightly intertwined with that of the Chinese state and nation and can hardly be divorced from this relationship with China in the minds of most observers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhonghua_minzu (678 words)

	ChineseNationalistsArmy
		By 1928 the Nationalist army had defeated the main Warlords, following this the national capital was established in Nanking and the Kuomintang army became the Nationalist Army of China.
		The central Nationalist government had a number of elite formations, however all the regions of China retained a degree of independence and field their own units of very poor quality.
		In addition to the tanks, the Chinese used a few dozen German armoured cars such as the PSW 221 and 222 and a plethora of indigenous "armoured cars," cobbled together with whatever materials were at hand.
	www.geocities.com /wargame_au/ChineseNationalistsArmy.html (1487 words)

	Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In English, as in Chinese, the name "Taiwan" is often used synonymously with the modern Republic of China, while the term "China" usually refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC), or mainland China with or without Hong Kong and Macau.
		Of the remainder, 41 are elected on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight are elected from overseas Chinese constituencies on the same principle, as are the eight seats for the aboriginal populations; members serve three-year terms.
		Taiwan's mainstream culture is primarily derived from traditional Chinese culture, with significant influences also from Japanese and American cultures, especially in the areas of politics and architecture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_China (4583 words)

	TS-Lin
		What is encouraging is that the majority of Chinese nationalists and unificationist also do not object to the idea of using plebiscite for solving critical national issues despite their fear that the majority of the people might vote for Taiwan independence in a plebiscite.
		Since the Chinese mainland is still under the control of the CCP, pursuing unification with the mainland in the near future will certainly mean surrendering a new democracy to a communist regime and sacrificing the economic well-being and freedom that they have worked so hard to achieve.
		Since neither Taiwanese nationalists nor Chinese nationalists consider it extremely urgent to pursue their nationalist goal at all costs and to push for a final settlement in the immediate future, the status quo is likely to be prolonged for quite some time.
	www.taiwansecurity.org /TS/TS-Lin.htm (10187 words)

	Common Misconceptions
		It was under the rule of the Manchu Dynasty (who are not considered "Chinese" by the Han) for only eight years, from 1887 to 1895, when it was ceded in perpetuity to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
		After Japan's defeat, Taiwan was occupied "on behalf of the allied forces" by the Chinese Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek, who was fighting a losing Civil War on the Chinese mainland.
		They have their own language, culture, and history, and are as distinct from the Chinese as the Americans are distinct from the British.
	www.taiwandc.org /nws-ch04.htm (1088 words)

	Chinese Americans in Los Angeles: A Timeline
		Chinese labor continues to be used although the construction of the San Gabriel Railroad results in clashes between Chinese and white railroad workers.
		Chinese General Tsai Ting Kai, the hero of Shanghai, visits Los Angeles (from October 29 to November) on a fundraising tour for China war relief and to arouse public sentiments against Japanese aggression in China.
		The Chinese Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles is established.
	www.camla.org /history/timeline.htm (4149 words)

	Tales of old Shanghai - Library - Sir Chaloner Alabaster
		Controlling the bottle-neck through which the bulk of Chinese trade must pass, they prosper upon it coming and going and forget that it is the trade that is valuable to England and not the magnificent buildings which big profits and small taxes have allowed them to erect.
		Actually the strongest propaganda of a kind to produce hostility between England and Nationalist China is that of the Shanghai daily newspapers published in English.
		When the Nationalists did come to agreement with us on the lines of expressed British policy in China, the agreement was described in Shanghai as a betrayal.
	www.earnshaw.com /shanghai-ed-india/tales/t-mind.htm (825 words)

	World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nationalist Kuomintang Army, under Chiang Kai-shek, and the Communist Chinese Army, under Mao Zedong, both opposed the Japanese occupation of China but never truly allied against the Japanese.
		U.S. led and trained Chinese divisions, a British division and a few thousand U.S. ground troops cleared the Japanese forces from northern Burma so that the Ledo Road could be built to replace the Burma Road.
		The most notorious atrocities occurred in China, including the slaughter of almost half a million Chinese during the Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, and Unit 731's experiments with biological warfare in Manchuria, with a view to killing a large part of the Chinese population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_War_II (9628 words)

	China¹s New Nationalism: INTRODUCTION
		The reader of Chinese political materials is therefore challenged to listen to "the sound outside the strings" (xianwai zhi yin), relying on a deep immersion in the historical and cultural context of Chinese politics today.
		And foreign men are the object of many Chinese nationalists' anxiety: the recurring figure of China as a raped woman has recently reemerged in nationalist discourse, and many of its young male exponents are enraged by the very idea of white men intimately involved with Chinese women.
		Chinese and Americans who paint rosy pictures of the bilateral relationship are irresponsible; we should squarely confront the dangers inherent in a relationship devoid of mutual trust.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9662/9662.intro.html (4517 words)

	World Affairs: A "China Threat"? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Their evidence does not, however, support their conclusion that Chinese accept their current international status as "normal." The vital issue is not what China's international status actually was, but rather what contemporary Chinese think it was and how they feel about it.
		Most educated Chinese today are painfully aware of the "unequal" treaties signed with the British at Nanking in 1844 and the Japanese at Shimoneseki in 1895.
		Unilateral concessions forced on the Chinese, such as extraterritoriality and foreign settlements in the treaty ports, are still perceived as a humiliating loss of sovereignty.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2393/is_2_162/ai_58243521 (1123 words)

	China - Asia
		The Chinese call their country Zhongguo, which means “Central Country” or “Middle Kingdom.” The name China was given to it by foreigners and is probably based on a corruption of Qin (pronounced “chin”), a Chinese dynasty that ruled during the 3rd century bc.
		Over the course of several decades, the country was torn apart by warlords, Japanese invasion, and a civil war between the Communists and the Nationalist regime of the Kuomintang, which established the Republic of China in 1928.
		In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party won the civil war and established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/china.htm (675 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921, inspired by Soviet independence from Western European economic control and Soviet return of Chinese territories (spheres of influence in China under the tsars).
		The Nationalist general ordered to attack the Communists, Zhang Xueliang, was a Manchurian general and held Chiang Kai-shek hostage to force him to ally with the Communists and fight Japan.
		The Nationalist government withdrew to Chongqing, the wartime capital in southwestern China, and the Communists continued to station their headquarters in Yanan, in northwestern China.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h207_2002/republicanchina.htm (723 words)

	The Birth of Modern China
		The Chinese (more specifically, the ultra-conservative Manchus) had no room in their world-view for the idea of independent, equal nations (this viewpoint, to a certain degree, still persists today).
		The movement that was born at that rally (called, not unsurprisingly, the May Fourth Movement) was the first true nationalist movement in China and has consequently served as an inspiration for Chinese patriots of all shades, stripes, and ideologies since.
		There, the Nationalist forces (aided and abetted by German 'advisors') tried to hunt them down, and in the words (more or less) of Chiang, "eliminate the cancer of Communism." In 1934, the Nationalists were closing in on the Communist positions, when, under the cover of night, the Communists broke out and started running.
	condensedchina.com /china4.html (2630 words)

	World Affairs: Anti-Western Nationalism in China, 1989-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Many Chinese believed that they were reclaiming their rightful place as an international powerhouse in the world, a position they had lost decades before.
		The Chinese emperor was a divine appointee with a universal mandate from heaven.
		Traditional Chinese nationalism was rooted in an arrogant belief in the superiority of Chinese civilization and justified China's cultural and demographic hegemony in Asia.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2393/is_4_163/ai_78729185 (1201 words)

	Electronic Passport to Chinese History
		The Chinese people supported their rulers because of what they called the Mandate of Heaven.
		During the Han Dynasty, the Chinese invented paper, writers recorded the history of their land, and the Chinese first learned of Buddhism.
		The Nationalists had driven out the last of the Manchu rulers, a six year old boy, by 1911.
	www.mrdowling.com /613chinesehistory.html (869 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The 228 Massacres of an estimated 30,000 Taiwanese by Chinese Nationalist troops in February-March 1947 sparked the sense of TAIWANESE consciousness.
		We do not, however, include Korea, formerly a Chinese colony, but when we have re-established the independence of the lost territories of China, and if the Koreans wish to break away from the chains of Japanese imperialism, we will extend them our enthusiastic help in their struggle for independence.
		This is a struggle in which tens of thousands of Taiwanese lost their lives to the Chinese Nationalist oppressors.
	tc.formosa.org /two-state/text/letters/leslie0713.txt (432 words)

	The Mauser Model 1896 Broomhandle
		The Chinese Nationalists came to power in 1911 from this date the people of China dated items in the number of "Years" that the Chinese Nationalists were in power.
		Chinese Nationalist Year 2 would be 1912, Year 18 would be 1929 and Year 19 would be 1930.
		The Nationalists were overthrown in 1949 so the late 20's early 30's is the approximate timeframe that the original Shansei was created.
	www.northwest-denture.com /mauser1896/ChineseVariations.html (698 words)

	Unleashed
		Finally, it's almost certain that Chinese leaders are attempting to siphon a whole host of social troubles--economic and labor unrest, internal political repression, corruption, and the general lack of political development--into expressions of anger at Japan and other foreign sources.
		Viewed as an element in the narrative of Chinese nationalists, the crash of the Chinese MiG and the death of the pilot were evidence of continuing attempts by the United States to humiliate China, consequently a hostile response was the only palatable option for the government in Beijing.
		At the core of American "nationalism" is the narrative of the Declaration of Independence--a document often targeted by Chinese nationalists as indicative of the immaturity of American culture--with its enunciation of natural, universal political rights.
	www.weeklystandard.com /Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/544srfik.asp?pg=2 (1322 words)

	Did you know? 4057 - LOL Facts - Web Software & Hosting
		As they steadily lose ground to the communist forces of Mao Zedong, Chinese Nationalist leaders depart for the island of Taiwan, where they establish their new capital.
		It also signaled the effective end of the long struggle between Chinese Nationalist forces and those of the communist leader Mao Zedong, though scattered Chinese Nationalists continued sporadic combat with the communist armies.
		At the time, many observers hoped that the end of the fighting and the Chinese Nationalist decision to establish a separate government on Taiwan might make it easier for foreign governments to recognize the new communist People's Republic of China.
	www.gigfoot.net /lol/facts/4057.html (362 words)

	David Cowhig: Undercurrents: Criticisms and Reflections on Narrow-minded Nationalism :: China Digital Times (CDT) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The nationalist writer Wang Xiaodong said "Whether or not the bombing was an accident, the incident show that the US does not take its relations with China seriously." The atmosphere during the early 1990s was very cynical about politics.
		The Chinese government found that it could use and control nationalism, but especially after the embassy bombing used it but then was careful to calm things down.
		Chinese nationalists should commit to the realization of economic and political development in China and to the protection of the rights of Chinese citizens.
	journalism.berkeley.edu /projects/chinadn/en/2005/02/david_cowhig_un.php (1593 words)

	China
		Chinese astronauts with lunar rover plant the flag of the People's Republic of China's flag on the lunar surface - model at the Chinese Pavilion, Hannover Expo 2000.
		The fl powder rocket was invented by the ancient Chinese, but no indigenous effort in development of rocketry or space theory took place until the return of Tsien Hsue-Shen to China from America in 1955.
		On the other hand, Tsien was revolted by the corruption of the Chinese nationalists, faced racial discrimination in the United States, and constantly vacillated in his desire to return to his homeland.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/china.htm (3980 words)

	Taiwan Strait Crisis - US Air Force Museum Cold War History Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When the Chinese Nationalists moved to Formosa in 1949, the United States initially adopted a non interference policy.
		Throughout the spring of 1955, the situation became increasingly tense as the Chinese Communists continued their attacks and several US politicians suggested the use of atomic weapons to solve the crisis.
		When the Chinese threatened to invade the islands, the USAF moved a CASF into the Far East Theater (Operation Jonah Able) to assist the Nationalist forces in the event the Communists invaded.
	www.wpafb.af.mil /museum/history/coldwar/cw15.htm (433 words)

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