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Topic: Chinese numerals

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	Chinese numerals
		Again the symbol for 1000 is a 'man' so perhaps the word for 'thousand' in ancient Chinese was close to the sound of the word for 'man'.
		However a second form of Chinese numerals began to be used from the 4
		Now the Chinese counting board numbers were not just used on a counting board, although this is clearly their origin.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html (1321 words)

	Chinese numerals Information
		The larger Chinese numerals (兆, 京, 垓, 秭, 穰), and the smaller Chinese numerals (微, 纖, 沙, 塵, 渺) were defined as the translation for the SI prefixes.
		Rod numerals are closely related to the counting rods and the abacus, which is why the numeric symbols for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 in the huāmǎ system are represented in a similar way as on the abacus.
		Chinese numeric characters are also used in much the same formal or decorative fashion that Roman numerals are in Western cultures.
	www.bookrags.com /Chinese_numerals (1940 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Chinese numerals
		The numeral characters are tightly integrated into the language: Each numeral character has a phonetic value and a number is read by pronouncing each individual character it consists of, unlike e.g.
		Rod numerals are closely related to the counting rods and the abacus, which is why the numeric symbols for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 in "Hual Ma3" system are represented in a similar way as on the abacus.
		Traditional Chinese numeric characters are recognized and used in Japan where they are used in much the same formal or decorative fashion that Roman Numerals are in Western cultures.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ch/Chinese_numerals (1654 words)

	The Chinese Calendar
		Among Chinese, the calendar is not used for most day to day activities, but is used for the dating of holidays such as Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) and the Mid-Autumn Festival and for divination.
		Because Chinese dates are on firm ground beginning in 841 BC, the calendar of the early Zhou dynasty is known to have used arbitrary intercalations.
		Chinese seasons are centered on the solstices and equinoxes, whereas in the West, they begin at the solstices and equinoxes.
	www.chineseculture.info /culture/calendar.htm (2784 words)

	Chinese written language
		Chinese written language (中文) employs the Han characterss (漢字 pinyin Hànzì), which are named after the Han culture to which it is largely attributed.
		Chinese characters appear to have originated in the Shang dynasty as pictograms depicting concrete objects.
		Chinese characters have also been adapted to write Japanese and Korean, neither of which are linguistically related to Chinese.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/c/ch/chinese_written_language.shtml (825 words)

	Glossary of Unicode terms
		For example, the Chinese characters for 1, 2, and 3 are written with one, two, and three horizontal brush strokes, respectively.
		Contrast with Arabic numerals, Chinese numerals, and Roman numerals.
		Contrast with Arabic numerals, Chinese numerals, and Indic numerals.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/library/glossaries/unicode.html (1497 words)

	untitled1.html
		The two modern numerical glyphs we use to represent the values of zero and one are: for "zero" a closed curve or circle, and for "one" a straight, vertical line segment.
		Chinese written numbers and their ranks (units, tens, hundreds...) are expressly written down, whereas the Indian--hence the Arabic and Western--system, in ordering these ranks does not express the value of the number, but rather indicates it by the place-value of the digits.
		Curiously, the direction for writing and reading numerals changed in the conventions of both languages: soon enough in the West the sequence increased in value reading left-to-right, the same way in which numerals are written in modern Arabic even though the letters and words in the language continue to be written and read from right-to-left.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/v/vonmeierk/8-01ZE.html (4198 words)

	Chinese Numbers
		The Chinese Number Conversion Perl module used above to convert between Chinese character numbers and Arabic numbers is available for download.
		The Chinese system is also a base-10 system, but has important differences in the way the numbers are represented.
		Chinese goes on like this until 100 million (yi4), where it introduces a new character.
	www.mandarintools.com /numbers.html (652 words)

	Translation of Numerals Between English and Chinese
		Numerals express precise quantities and are supposed to be precise in nature, as we Chinese often express absolute certainty by saying “ One is one and two is two.” However, in their actual use in discourse, they are often associated with the feature of fuzziness.*(Fuzziness means the quality of being indistinct, blurry or foggy.
		In Chinese, for example, san(three) is the native and 4 is Arabic; in English, ten is native and 10 is Arabic, though pronunciation of the pair is the same.
		The numerals remain the same in the translated version though the images have become different, which is termed cultural substitution in the translation circles.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article59.htm (2292 words)

	Numerals, Numeration, and Numerical Notation Bibliography
		Corbett, G.G. Universals in the syntax of cardinal numerals.
		Krippes, Karl A. A Linguistic Enigma, the Altaic Numerals.
		Chinese Mathematics in the Thirteenth Century: the Shu-shu chiu-chang of Ch'in, Chiu-shao.
	phrontistery.info /nnsbib.html (8618 words)

	Chinese numerals - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Today, speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems: There is the ubiquitous system of Arabic digits and two ancient Chinese numeral systems.
		The numeral characters are tightly integrated into the language: Each numeral character has a phonetic value and a number is read by pronouncing each individual character it consists of, unlike e.g.
		Rod numerals are closely related to the counting rods and the abacus, which is why the numeric symbols for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 in "Hual Ma3" system are represented in a similar way as on the abacus.
	www.music.us /education/C/Chinese-numerals.htm (2046 words)

	Chinese numerals - Definition, explanation
		There are two sets of characters for Chinese numerals: one for everyday writing and one for use in commercial or financial contexts.
		Rod numerals are closely related to the counting rods and the abacus, which is why the numeric symbols for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 in "Hua1 Ma3" system are represented in a similar way as on the abacus.
		Traditional Chinese numeric characters are recognized and used in Japan where they are used in much the same formal or decorative fashion that Roman Numerals are in Western cultures.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/ch/chinese_numerals.php (1742 words)

	Chinese Astrology & Horoscope, four pillars of Destiny
		It seems that moreover, in those days, there were the Yin Yang principle similar to dualism, the Five Elements as physical properties, and the Ten Stems and Twelve Branches as numerals of Chinese calendar.
		All these prove that there was already the origin of the thought and calendar of the Chinese horoscope in the last stage of this ancient dynasty.
		This era can be divided into the Spring and Autumn period from B.C. 771 to 403 when the control power of the ruler by slavery was gradually lost, and the Warring States period from B.C. 403 to 221 when some small countries fought mutually and were vying in hegemony.
	www.aryabhatt.com /chineseprediction/chinesehistory.htm (426 words)

	Numerals in many different writing systems
		The Urdu numerals are also known as 'East Arab' numerals and differ slightly from those used in Arabic.
		The numerals 1, 2, 3, etc. are also known as Arabic numerals, or Hindu-Arabic numerals, Indian numerals, Hindu numerals, European numerals, and Western numerals.
		These numerals where first used in India in about 400 BC, were later used in Persia, then were brought to Europe by the Arabs.
	www.omniglot.com /language/numerals.htm (133 words)

	Chinese Characters
		Until recent centuries, China had one of the highest literacy rates in the world and more than half of the world's literature was written in Chinese characters.
		Due to the central role of calligraphy in Chinese art and the vitality of Chinese civilization, Chinese characters have held a similarly preeminent position in the world's art.
		Through the medium of form, way of handling the brush, presentation, and style, calligraphy as a work of art conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, esthetic feelings and culture of the artist to readers affecting them by the power of appeal and the joy of beauty.
	www.chinesesoftwareguide.com /chinese/characters.htm (188 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters
		In the FuZhou dialect, all -t and -p endings have gone to -k, (1, 7, 8, 10), a velar plosive, which demonstrates the gradual movement of the occlusive ending from being articulated at the lips (bilabial -p) to the teeth ridge (alveolar -t) and backwards to the palate (velar -k), an observation made by others.
		Early Vietnamese documents used Classical Chinese and later they developed their own characters to aid the recording of their language and continued until recently, Chinese characters were used officially.
		Chinese linguistic tradition derives from an Indic tradition due to the early need for transcribing the names and appelations of Gods and terms from Sanskrit.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5340 words)

	Learn Chinese Langauge
		While Arabic (Western) numerals have become more common, the Chinese numerals shown below are still used, particularly in informal contexts like markets.
		Bicycles and buses are the most common means of transportation for Chinese to commute locally.
		Chinese use different Chinese words when referring to hotels.
	www.chineselearningcenter.com /articles.php?cat_id=5 (756 words)

	The Enneagram - History of the Decimal System
		With Chinese characters, ten is ten-blank and eleven is ten-one (zero was left as a blank space: 405 is 'four blank five'), This was much easier than inventing a new character for each number (imagine having to memorize an enormous number of characters just to read the date!).
		The Arabic numeral system is considered one of the most significant developments in mathematics, and, ergo, several theories have been advanced about its origin.
		Because the Chinese Hua Ma system (see Chinese numerals) is also a positional base-10 system, Hau Ma numerals—or some numeral system similar to it—may have been the inspiration for the base-10 positional numeral system that evolved in India.
	www.endlesssearch.co.uk /philo_enneagram_dec.htm (796 words)

	Chinese New Year,Chinese New Year Festival,New Year in China
		Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon on the first day of the New Year and ends on the full moon 15 days later of the lunar calendar.
		Chinese New Year, as the Western New Year, signifies as a turning over a new leaf - representing the importance of family ties, a time for family reunions.
		The Chinese calendar is based on a movement of lunar and solar cycle.
	china.tourism-asia.net /chinese-new-year.html (537 words)

	December 93 - INTERNATIONAL NUMBER FORMATTING
		Numeric input is needed in almost any application -- for example, to specify the width of a page, the number of a page to jump to, or the size of a font.
		Because only one alternate numeral table is allowed per 'itl4' resource, you won't find in the Japanese 'itl4' resource the Chinese numerals used in the Japanese script.
		An exception is the alternate numerals in bidirectional scripts, where the internal representation of the number won't match what the user sees on the screen.
	developer.apple.com /dev/techsupport/develop.mactech/issue_16/Lindenberg_final.html (7866 words)

	Chinese numerals - InformationBlast
		Individual Chinese characters mentioned in this article can be looked up graphically in the Unihan database (http://www.unicode.org/charts/unihan.html) by using the following access URL: http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=UUUU, where UUUU is the Unicode code point.
		In the Unicode standard 4.0, an erratum was added which stated "The Suzhou numerals (Chinese su1 zhou1 ma3 zi) are special numeric forms used by traders to display the prices of goods.
		After Qing dynasty, both the Chinese numeral characters and the Suzhou numerals were replaced by Arabic numerals in mathematical writings.
	www.informationblast.com /Chinese_numerals.html (1764 words)

	Chinese Numerals - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		The amazing fact is that, although this counting rod system is superior to the current Chinese numerals for calculating, it later disappeared completely from the mainstream of Chinese culture (my GF doesnt even recognizes it).
		The precusor to the fully developed and stabilised counting rod numerals used from the Qin and Han dynasties onwards appeared during the middle and late Eastern Zhou period (6th to 3rd centuries BC) on coins.
		The Shang numeral system (thirteenth century B.C.) is the earliest of which we have evidence; its symbols are given in Table 20, and the significance of place-value is obvious.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=10771 (1167 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Some of the uses for numbers was to predict the future, determine directions, and predict the weather.
		Most of the Chinese people try to avoid the number 4 because it sounds the same as death in Cantonese.
		The Chinese have the same number system as the United States and they also have zero in the same way.
	everyschool.org /u/logan/culturalmath/chinesen.htm (331 words)

	Chinese Chess
		Chinese Chess, or xiangqi, is perhaps the most popular board game in the world, played by millions of people in China, other parts of Asia, and wherever Chinese have settled.
		Pieces are identified by Chinese ideograms in the team colours, typically fl (sometimes another dark colour) and red.
		Although the pieces are often referred to by the names of their Western equivalents, I believe this practice dishonours the distinct tradition of the Chinese game, and I prefer to use translations of the Chinese names.
	home1.gte.net /res1bup4/chess_intro.htm (2541 words)

	Arabic numeral definition by The Linux Information Project
		Arabic numerals are the characters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0.
		Fundamental to the latter are, in addition to their simplicity, the use of a single character for each numeral (in contrast to multiple characters required to represent numerals larger than five in the Roman system) and the availability of a zero.
		The hypothesis that there was a common source for Indian and Chinese numerals is a reasonable one because of the similarities in the individual characters together with the geographical proximity of the two systems.
	www.bellevuelinux.org /arabic_numerals.html (471 words)

	ICU Userguide
		(Arabic digits are sometimes called Indic numerals; however, this nomenclature leads to confusion with the digits currently used with the scripts of India.) Arabic digits are referred to as Arabic-Indic digits in the Unicode Standard.
		An ordered set or characters in which a numeric index (code point value) is associated with each character.
		Indic numeral shapes correspond to the Arabic numeral shapes.
	icu.sourceforge.net /userguide/glossary.html (2970 words)

	Andy's Playing Cards - Chinese And Hong Kong Cards - Character Cards - page 5
		Thin and narrow, as most Chinese patterns, the deck is made of a fixed set of 80 numeral subjects and a variable number of special loose cards (one, or five, or more, when present), according to the pattern and to the edition.
		In this pattern half of the eight different subjects are red and half are fl, marked with Chinese characters at both ends.
		This refers to the TaiPing rebellion (1850—64), a civil war fought by the south-eastern Chinese people of the lower classes against the Qing imperial dynasty, from Manchuria, unable to prevent the Westerners from heavily exploiting the country's resources.
	a_pollett.tripod.com /cards47.htm (1120 words)

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