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	Chinese philosophy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This notion, which remained relevant throughout Chinese history, represents a fundamental distinction from western philosophy, in which the dominant view of time is a linear progression.
		In around 500 BC, after the Zhou state weakend and China moved in to the Spring and Autumn Period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began (it is an interesting fact that this date nearly coincides with the emergence of the first Greek philosophers).
		Philosophically, it stands the gloomy, passive, female concept, whereas Yang (the hillside facing the sun) stands for the bright, active, male concept.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Chinese_philosophy (775 words)

	CHAPTER XXIV
		Chinese philosophy did experience a period of development, however, after the central government moved to Taiwan in 1949, and its visage today is vastly different from what it was in Tsai Yuan-pei’s day.
		The philosophical language he adopts, not grounded in a specific doctrine but comprehensive in its synthesis, is based on the problems of existence and human nature; it has offered an all-encompassing vision for reconstructing Chinese philosophy as a whole.
		Chinese philosophers like Thomé Fang, T’ang Chun-yi, Mou Tsung-san and Lo Kuang have established their model for a synthesis of systems of ideas; but now it is time, based on their experiences and in response to the dynamics of the life-world, to search further for possibilities of creative philosophical synthesis.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-11/chapter_xxiv.htm (3160 words)

	Chinese philosophy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This notion, which remained relevant throughout Chinese history, represents a fundamental distinction from (Click link for more info and facts about western philosophy) western philosophy, in which the dominant view of time is a linear progression.
		These latter two became the determining forces of Chinese thought until the 20th century, with the introduction (Click link for more info and facts about Buddhist philosophy) Buddhist philosophy (mostly during (The imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907) Tang Dynasty) negotiated largely through perceived similarities with Daoism.
		Moreover, many Chinese (Shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia) mandarins were government officials in the daily life and poets (or painters) in their spare time.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chinese_philosophy.htm (1423 words)

	How Chinese was Kant? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In traditional Chinese societies the commitment to filial piety is intimately bound up with a belief in ghosts: the reason the deceased must be worshipped is precisely that their ghosts are still lingering around, and must therefore be provided for, pleased, and (if necessary) appeased, just as much as when their bodies were still alive.
		Whereas Chinese philosophy tends to define personhood in terms of the duties placed on an individual by his or her position in the social hierarchy, Western philosophy tends to define personhood in more abstract terms of the rights accorded to any human being simply by virtue of being human.
		But he was "Chinese" enough to serve as the basis for some potentially meaningful cross-cultural dialogue, dialogue that can give us a glimpse of one world, where all philosophers-indeed, all humanity-can strike the transcendental balance he struck between theory and practise, between rights and duties, between the empirical and the transcendent, between East and West.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /cite/staff/philosopher/chinese.htm (3034 words)

	Plutschow - Xunzi on Human Nature
		This shift from a sacrificial to a moral ritual is particularly evident in the philosophical debates stretching from the Spring and Autumn period to the end of the Warring States period and beyond.
		Another common feature one discovers in all these philosophers is the debate on statecraft, that is, they asked themselves fundamental questions as to how a state should be organized: what should be the relationship of rulers and ruled in a network of reciprocal duties and responsibilities, which they all believed to depend on morality.
		In sum, ancient Chinese philosophers agreed on a number of fundamental premises: they concurred in their emphasis on benevolent government as a unifying source.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0801/xunzi.htm (3065 words)

	Hurst - Chinese Origins
		Yu’s discussion of differences between Chinese and Western philosophical premises suggests that a searching examination of the assumptions on which we ground our understanding of the mimetic is necessary before we embark on an endeavor based on such concepts in the Chinese context.
		Instead, classical Chinese ontology builds logical edifices that function in the parallel or wind with Escher-like complexity upon themselves, rather than delineating a "beginning" or "end." This is not to say that there is no sense of progression in classical Chinese philosophy.
		The linkage of the political and philosophical is of particular interest when approaching the Chinese corpus from the context of Western philosophic debates on the origin of language.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0602/hurst.htm (6251 words)

	Feng Youlan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Feng Youlan (Simplified Chinese: 冯友兰; Traditional Chinese: 馮友蘭; pinyin: Féng Yǒulán; Wade-Giles: Feng Yu-lan; also: Fung Yu-Lan; 1895–1990) was a Chinese philosopher who was important for reintroducing the study of Chinese philosophy.
		There he met, among many philosophers who were to influence his thought and career, John Dewey, the pragmatist, who became his teacher.
		In it he presented and examined the history of Chinese philosophy from a viewpoint which was very much influenced by the Western philosophical fashions prevalent at the time, which resulted in what Peter J. King of Oxford describes as a distinctly positivist tinge to most of the philosophers he described.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fung_Yu-lan (767 words)

	Chinese Philosophy
		The study of the history of Chinese philosophy, in particular, used to stress the role played by a certain philosopher or philosophical school in history and how they were related to the ongoing class struggle and political struggle at that time.
		He said philosophers of the Han Dynasty generally used the method of positivism to establish the philosophical system; the Wei and Jin people used a different method, but he was not sure how to define it; the method used by neo-Confucians of the Song and Ming dynasties can be called the method of ethical rationalism.
		Nevertheless, philosophers in Chinese history tended to take as their motto the epigram that "Heaven moves along a healthy track, and a gentleman should make unremitting efforts to improve himself." How things will develop is hard to predict; we are not prophets, nor do we believe in prophecy.
	www.russbo.com /Foundations/part1.htm (12702 words)

	Association of Chinese Philosophers in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Association of Chinese Philosophers in America (ACPA) is an academic organization whose primary purpose is to promote the philosophical activities of Chinese philosophers in America and to facilitate exchanges among philosophers in China, America and other countries.
		It represents members' interests to the wider philosophic world and encourages their participation in collective professional projects.
		The association's long-term objective is to act as a communication bridge between Chinese and non-Chinese philosophers.
	www.angelfire.com /il/acpa (103 words)

	20th WCP: The Structure of Chinese Language and Ontological Insights: A Collective-Noun Hypothesis*
		The problem of relating Chinese thought to the structure and functions of the Chinese language has for generations tantalized sinologists and those philosophers who are concerned with the problem.
		One tendency regarding the relation between linguistic expressions and their referents seems to be common both in the Chinese semantic tradition and in the Western semantic tradition (at least during their respective classical periods): almost all words were treated as names, and naming was regarded as the main semantic relation.
		Although the function of Chinese nouns examined so far appears to be compatible with both patterns, and although Chinese nouns in both patterns denote mereological wholes, the semantics and implicit ontologies in the two cases are significantly different.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Comp/CompMou.htm (4206 words)

	CHAPTER V THE PROBLEM OF HARMONIOUS COMMUNITIES IN ANCIENT CHINA
		In traditional Chinese philosophy, the major role of human beings is to "be human" in pursuing the ideal of a harmonious society.
		In brief, the Chinese mentality may be characterized by the pursuit of harmony and unity.
		Theoretical thinking in Chinese philosophy has not undergone analysis, and is rich in terms of the cognition of essences, similar to some of the conclusions of modern science.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-3/chapter_v__the_problem_of_harmon.htm (1250 words)

	Comparative Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		For example, Chinese philosophers may study Confucius, various forms of Confucianism, criticisms of Confucianism in Chinese Daoism and Buddhism, and even Confucianism in the contemporary world, but they need not make any attempt to compare Confucian thought with philosophical texts and thinkers from other cultures.
		The story of Chinese Buddhism over the next two millennia is very much the story of the dialogue between and among foreign and indigenous traditions, as is the story of Confucianism and Daoism during the same period.
		The comparative philosopher does not so much inhabit both of the standpoints represented by the traditions from which he draws as he comes to inhabit an emerging standpoint different from them all and which is thereby creatively a new way of seeing the human condition.
	www.iep.utm.edu /c/comparat.htm (3809 words)

	Read about Chinese philosophy at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Chinese philosophy and learn about Chinese ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shang thought was based upon a cyclic notion of time, corresponding to the seasons.
		Zhou, a new political, religious and philosophical concept was introduced called the "
		Spring and Autumn Period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began (it is an interesting fact that this date nearly coincides with the emergence of the first
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Chinese_philosophy (759 words)

	How "Chinese" Was Kant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Of the many interesting psychological aspects of Chinese culture discussed by Bond, the one that is perhaps most helpful in discerning a "Chinese" side to Kant's philosophical disposition is his treatment of the relative importance of what could be called "synthetic logic" and "analytic logic".
		In short, the Chinese tend to perceive on the [synthetic] basis of the overall pattern uniting the objects, Americans on the [analytic] basis of a characteristic shared by the objects.
		He states wryly that "Chinese philosophers strive in dark rooms with eyes closed to experience and contemplate their nihility." (Had Kant never heard of Confucius?) A similar identification of Chinese philosophy with a caricature of the Buddhist tradition comes in his Lectures on Philosophical Theology, tr.
	www.hkbu.edu.hk /~ppp/srp/arts/HCWK.html (5991 words)

	Asian Art - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Over the past few decades, Taiwanese and Chinese society has gradually entered the mainstream of global culture, and for most people forming part of this society the works of the ancient Chinese philosophers remain nothing more than a minor element in the school curriculum.
		The renaissance of Chinese canonical works, their removal from the schoolroom to the neon-lit boulevards of modern Taipei and Beijing, is the work of one man: the Taiwanese cartoonist Tsai Chih Chung (1948, Taiwan).
		Tsai's work is generally considered to be an excellent introduction to the classics for modern Chinese, as it provides the modern reader with a pleasant short cut to the heart of Chinese philosophy, bypassing the complexities of the classical Chinese language while retaining the essence.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/22/asianart/22ART2.html (819 words)

	Chinese ethics and universal human rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Chinese people admired this practice as "the action of Chai Pun and Chun Man." During the early Tang dynasty, the emperor of China was "Tien Khan," a role of maintaining the order of Asia, by force or by moral influence.
		Chinese philosophy goes on the right direction that law is the manifestation of morality and morality is the foundation of law.
		Chinese ethics also suffer the weakness of the double standard, which is rooted in the Chinese ethnocentricism.
	seamonkey.ed.asu.edu /~alex/education/china/Chinese_ethics.html (8813 words)

	Chinese philosophy - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Its origins are often traced back to the Yi Jing (the Book of Changes, also spelled "I Ching"), an ancient compendium of divination, which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy.
		Some gaps to be filled: more about the common concepts, differences between Western and Chinese philosophy, something about modern Chinese philosophy...
		See also: Qi, Qigong, Tao, Taoism, Yin, Yang, Five Elements, Chinese classic texts, Eastern philosophy, philosopher, Chinese history, Religion in China, Important publications in Chinese philosophy
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /c/ch/chinese_philosophy.html (875 words)

	The Classical Chinese Philosophy Page
		In China, so numerous were the philosophers and their schools during the period from the sixth to third centuries that the Chinese called them the "Hundred Schools." During the Han dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.4), historians of philosophy attempted to group these philosophers together into schools.
		The YinYang philosophers, who studied the nature of the cosmos and attempted to account for all its changes in terms of two fundamental principles, the Yin and the Yang.
		These philosophers were concerned with education and ritual in the various offices concerned with teaching and instruction.
	www.as.miami.edu /phi/bio/Buddha/classphi.htm (1479 words)

	sophia - tanaka
		Ironically, however, Chinese philosophers don’t seem to share this same intuition.
		Lastly, it demonstrates a conceptual difference between Chinese and Western philosophy with respect to the notion of mind.
		Thus, it is shown that one must carefully attend to the presuppositions underlying Chinese philosophising in interpreting Chinese philosophers.
	www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au /sophia/vol43no1/tanaka.html (128 words)

	Chad Hansen's Chinese Philosophy Page (Daoist Interpretations) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		philosopher of language, like his close friend and philosophical interlocutor,
		If you find the interpretive approach and style worthwhile, you may be interested in my systematic and more complete treatment of Chinese thought.
		Much of this is work in progress and I would appreciate any feedback about, e.g., where it is hard to follow, makes historical errors, etc. Any Chinese characters in various postings use Big5 coding (gradually changing to unicode).
	hkusuc.hku.hk /philodep/ch (265 words)

	Su Tzu's Chinese Philosophy Page
		This page has been designed for the purpose of organizing the resources on Chinese philosophy that can be found in the 'cyberspace'.
		But, since there're countless on-line materials on the Internet that're about Chinese philosophy, and some of which I am not aware of, I would greatly appreciate it if any of you can point them out to me. Also, all suggestions and comments are welcomed and greatly appreciated.
		If you are having trouble reading or understanding the Chinese texts, please check here to get a free web browser that will translate web pages with Chinese characters to English.
	uweb.superlink.net /~fsu (673 words)

	Amazon.com: A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chan's theme is Chinese humanism, because this is the unavoidable theme of Chinese philosophy in nearly all ages.
		Heroically he has translated his philosophers himself, with the result that for the first time the entire map is seen through a consistent eye.
		If there is one thing that stands out is that Chinese philosophy is just as (and I hate to juxtapose - but I will this one time) convoluted and affected by forces as (or even more than our very own "western" tradition) acting on it.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691019649?v=glance (1872 words)

	Amazon.com: Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy: Books: P. J. Ivanhoe,Bryan W. Van Norden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Each section begins with a few pages recounting what is known about each philosopher covered and what their central beliefs are.
		This is a wonderful book for anyone who's looking to get a decent understanding of the 'big name' Chinese philosophers, and will help anyone looking to show off at parties ;) Even if you're not taking a class, this is a wonderful book.
		Despite being a beginner when it comes to Chinese philosophy, I find all the translations to be very readable and the notes and interpretative material, generally, to be sufficient.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1889119091?v=glance (1391 words)

	Chinese Philosophy: Taoism
		That aside, Taoism is, along with Confucianism, the most important strain of Chinese thought through the ages.
		It ranges over entirely different concerns, so that it is common for individuals, philosophers, Chinese novels or films, etc., to be both Confucianist and Taoist.
		The Taoist has no concern for affairs of the state, for mundane or quotidian matters of administration, or for elaborate ritual; rather Taoism encourages avoiding public duty in order to search for a vision of the transcendental world of the spirit.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CHPHIL/TAOISM.HTM (503 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Philosophy: Eastern Philosophy: Chinese Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chinese Philosophy Page - This site draws together a list of Chinese Philosophy resources available on the Internet.
		Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy - A publication of the Association of Chinese Philosophers in America.
		Articles generally relate the Chinese philosophical tradition to the Western tradition.
	dmoz.org /Society/Philosophy/Eastern_Philosophy/Chinese_Philosophy (87 words)

	Chinese Religions links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization (University of Washington)
		Chinese Philosophy: Good introduction to the classical period, with maps, charts, etc.
		Bibliography of Chinese science and medicine in Western languages (Nathan Sivin, University of Pennsylvania)
	www2.kenyon.edu /Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/LINKS270.htm (1245 words)

	Eastern Philosophy
		(This is not under any circumstances to be seen as a complete list but a selection of some key philosophers we consider to be important.)
		Chinese Philosophy (Link to more documentary material on China)
		China the Beautiful - Chinese Art and Literature
	www.worldfuturefund.org /wffmaster/Reading/philosopherseast.htm (83 words)

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