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Topic: Chinese pronouns

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	Mandarin -- Learn chinese language in china -- Easy way!
		Communicate in Chinese - assist beginners gain an innate understanding of dialogues in Chinese and quickly gain communication skills.
		Chinese character writing is governed by rules which can be easily learned: it is challenging but rewarding.
		Learning the language is a window into understanding Chinese culture and the Chinese way of life.
	www.mqzy.com (473 words)

	Chinese pronouns
		The pronoun 您(nin2) is used as a formal version of the second person pronoun, but does not occur in the feminine case.
		As can be seen above, all pronouns for the second person are pronounced identically, and the same for the third person; the orthographic distinctions were only introduced after Westernizing influences came into China.
		In imperial times, the pronoun for "I" is commonly omitted when speaking politely or to someone with higher social status.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/c/ch/chinese_pronouns.html (341 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pronoun
		In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun phrase.
		In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word that usually takes the place of a noun or noun phrase that was previously mentioned (such as "she", "it") or that refers to something or someone ("I", "me", "you").
		In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase with or without a determiner, such as you and they in English.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pronoun (690 words)

	Subjective pronoun - BookwormSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The subjective pronouns are pronouns used as the subject of a sentence; in other words, the initiator or instigator of a verb.
		The subjective (A function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase) pronouns are pronouns used as the (The subject matter of a conversation or discussion) subject of a sentence; in other words, the initiator or instigator of a (A word that serves as the predicate of a sentence) verb.
		The pronoun is the object of a preposition.
	www.bookwormsearch.com /topics/Subjective-pronouns (2706 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chinese morphology and word formation principles have been carried over into these languages, so that it is not uncommon for Chinese-style compound words to be coined in Japanese from originally Chinese morphemes, and then borrowed back into Chinese where they are used without Chinese speakers being aware of their Japanese origin.
		Personal pronouns in many of the region's languages including Japanese, Korean, Thai, and Malay/Indonesian are open class words rather than closed class words: they are not stable over time, not few in number, and not clitics whose use is obligatory in grammatical constructs.
		Chinese pronouns* are partly an exception; the 1st/2nd/3rd person pronouns wÇ’ï¼nÄ, and tÄ that are most used today can be traced back thousands of years to Proto-Sino-Tibetan and are used to refer to all sorts of people, even more so since the decay of traditional respect/politeness language.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=East_Asian_language (1066 words)

	Exploring Language: Word Class: Pronouns [English Online]
		Traditionally, a pronoun was said to be a word that stood for a noun, from the Latin pro, meaning "for" or "in place of".
		Pronoun gender is not an issue in Mâori, where there is only one word, ia, for "he" or "she".
		In Chinese, the pronoun for both "he" and "she" is ta.
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /resources/resources/exp_lang/pronouns.html (1218 words)

	Pronouns — FactMonster.com
		A demonstrative pronoun may look like a demonstrative adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.
		An interrogative pronoun may look like an interrogative adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.
		An indefinite pronoun may look like an indefinite adjective, but it is used differently in a sentence: it acts as a pronoun, taking the place of a noun.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0885483.html (336 words)

	The Virtues And Vices Of The Chinese Language
		Believe it or not, the Chinese language has some good features, but these are far outweighed by the bad features, as probably everybody, even the Chinese, realize.
		If you count all the established compounds in existence in the language, the Chinese vocabulary is immense, and allows for the expression of very minute subtleties, but, of course, learning the vocabulary would take several lifetimes.
		Chinese can be written in columns, top to bottom, or in rows, either left to right or right to left.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/apr/article297.html (883 words)

	Transparent Language - Chinese Language Learning
		Chinese actually consists of a large number of dialects, all of which share a written language but are mutually unintelligible when spoken.
		Written Chinese originated more than 4,000 years ago and remained relatively stable until the People’s Republic of China decided on a campaign to make it easier to read Chinese by simplifying the characters, which can have as many as 30 strokes.
		In addition, Chinese uses a number of terms to indicate their respect for the person to whom they are speaking including guì (honored or honorable).
	www.learn-chinese-language-software.com /overview.htm (1121 words)

	Facts about chinese pronouns
		The plural pronouns are formed by simply adding "们 / 們" men to the end of each pronoun; thus, 你们,我们,他/她/牠/它们, or 你們,我們,他/她/牠/它們 would mean you plural, we and they respectively.
		The pronoun 您 nin2 is used as a formal version of the second person pronoun, and does not occur in a feminine or plural form, so 您们 / 您們 do not exist.
		To indicate possession, "的" is appended to the pronoun.
	www.supercrawler.com /Facts/chinese_pronouns.html (254 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.259: Divine Pronouns
		...[since] the Chinese pronouns exist only in the written form, so the English convention of capitalizing any nominal reference to God is not that different from the Chinese character used, since it involves only changing the 'human' radical of the _ta_ pronoun to a 'deity' radical; the phonetic stays the same.
		There is however, a more regular way of showing respect in written Chinese that is usually reserved for Sun Yat-sen, the Republic of China's 'Father of the Country', and sometimes for Chiang Kai-shek in propaganda writings at least: they leave one or two blank spaces before their name.
		I can't think of any English equivalent for the 'animal' pronoun though, except for hestitation about which of the three available to use; usually 'he' or 'she' if the gender is known, otherwise 'it'.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/5/5-259.html (1079 words)

	Excerpts
		In later times, the Chinese characters weren't changed to designate the difference between when an author was writing about himself personally or the group in general.
		In the English language pronouns are used as a sort of abbreviation refering to someone or something that has been mentioned before.
		From ancient Chinese mythology, the Earth was considered to be like the Mother, and the Heavens were like the Father.
	www.daoisopen.com /Excerpts.html (853 words)

	Mandarin in the Legal Arena
		Once, I was asked to sort out which of five Chinese men in the holding area was the man with the court date, since the guards had simply rounded up all the Chinese in the cell block and brought them to the courtroom.
		In Chinese, the pronouns meaning "he," "she" and "it" (and "him" and "her") are all pronounced identically as ta (first tone), while written differently.
		In Chinese, this common phrase is analogous to "I'll beat the living daylights out of you," rather than "I'll kill you." At stake was the matter of whether a "lethal threat" was made.
	www.najit.org /proteus/v10n3/shapiro.htm (1923 words)

	Chinaology - Chinese grammar
		Chinese grammar can be simple yet can turn into a confusing jumble of words.
		You can tell what the person is saying by the pronoun he, and I, but the verb stays the same.
		In Chinese, the same verb can be used to express past, present and future tenses.
	www.chinaology.com /language/grammar (133 words)

	Pronouns
		Chinese nouns are generally not marked for being either singular or plural.
		He/She/It Chinese has a single pronunciations for the pronouns for "he", "she", and "it".
		In Chinese, like in English, sentences like this make sense, but they are not the standard way of expressing the idea and in most cases are not good Chinese.
	www.chinese-lessons.com /mandarin/grammarL1Pronouns.htm (343 words)

	Vol 34 No 1, January - March 1996 Page 30
		In Chinese, there are three different varieties of oranges indicated by three distinct noun forms.
		Chinese employs a single verb for the three opinions available in English.
		In Chinese, an expression represented by four Chinese characters is frequently employed by educated people, for they think that it is expressive, terse, and forceful.
	exchanges.state.gov /forum/vols/vol34/no1/p30.htm (626 words)

	Chinese pronouns - Chinese Language - Chinese
		The plural pronouns are formed by simply adding 们 / 們 m?n to the end of each pronoun; thus, 你们, 我们, 咱们, 他/她/牠/它们 or 你們, 我們, 他/她/牠/它們 would mean "you plural", "we" and "they" respectively.
		The pronoun 您 n?n is used as a formal version of the second person pronoun, but does not have a feminine variant, and is not used in the plural.
		To indicate possession 的 (de) is appended to the pronoun.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Chinese_pronouns (454 words)

	Colorado Research in Linguistics
		Yu3 is a subject and object pronoun, used in discourse topics related to heaven, kings, and death.
		Finally, zero pronoun is used in Classical Chinese by the speakers in lower social status or who want to present themselves as having a lower social status than the addressee.
		In conclusion, the overlapping syntactic and semantic distribution of the first person pronouns in Classical Chinese can be explained in terms of their social pragmatic functions, which were so important in Chinese culture that they required overt marking in the language.
	www.colorado.edu /linguistics/CRIL/Volume19_Issue1/conference_LAI2.htm (539 words)

	What’s Classical Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While the characters used in Classical Chinese may look the same as modern Chinese, Classical Chinese is quite a bit different from modern Chinese.
		The differences between the meanings in modern Chinese and classical Chinese are considerable.
		Nouns as adverbials: In classical Chinese, it is possible to use nouns directly as adverbials, without a preposition, which is required in modern Chinese and English.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /dept/chinese/aspect/classical.html (683 words)

	Pronouns
		The singular pronouns are adapted from Mandarin Chinese's pronouns (wo, ni/nin, ta).
		Because the pronoun is not used with the article, it is necessary to mark number on the pronoun itself (where it is never necessary or possible to mark number on the noun).
		As a result, Chinese was chosen to be the source of the Novvocu pronouns, which are among the most frequently used words in the language.
	www.langmaker.com /vocpronouns703.htm (877 words)

	Mandarin Chinese Verbs and Word Order
		Once you begin studying Chinese grammar, you'll notice that verbs are not inflected in Chinese.
		That's easy enough, but what might seem strange at first is the absence in Chinese of "helping" words we have in English, such as the ‘to’ of infinitive verbs ("I want to go.") and articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and 'the’.
		Chinese also uses no helping verbs like 'am' and therefore doesn't differentiate grammatically between 'watch' and 'am watching'.
	www.chinese-outpost.com /language/grammar/mandarin-verbs-and-word-order.asp (291 words)

	Purposive without Foresight » Blog Archive » Ningning’s Chinese tutorial Lesson 2: Plural and ...
		What’s different is that in Chinese the plural form of noun/pronoun/personal pronoun is unified.
		There is one more personal pronoun to learn and we are finished with the complete set of personal pronouns in Chinese.
		The position of where the personal pronoun is in a sentence decides whether it is a subject or object.
	ningning.org /blog2/?p=81 (905 words)

	Chinese in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chinese philosophy is philosophy written in one of the China Chinese Chinese culture traditions of thought.
		Chinese workers are in the worst situation of all the nationalities working..
		Chinese frogs or frogs are knotted and looped buttons, closures, or embellisments usually made from cording sewing cording or skinny tubes of fabric.
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Chinese/2 (769 words)

	Homework on Chinese (lecture by Prof
		Consider the set of personal pronouns in Mandarin Chinese (due to web limitations, tone is not notated.) They are arranged below in the standard manner grammars use for any language.
		In what way is counting in Chinese more complicated than it is in English, in terms of the number of morphemes or words you have to use?
		Yet we say that Chinese is a tone language and English isn’t.
	courses.washington.edu /lin100/chinesehw.htm (272 words)

	Amazon.com: Chinese: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Grammars): Books: Yip Po- Ching (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Intermediate Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammars) by Yip Po-Ching
		Chinese: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars) by Yip Po-Ching
		The ideal reference source for the learner and user of Chinese, the grammar is suitable for either independent study or for students in schools.
	www.amazon.com /Chinese-Essential-Grammar-Routledge-Grammars/dp/0415135354 (1776 words)

	the Chinese natual language \| Lambda the Ultimate
		If Chinese had no grammar, you would be able to arrange the words in any order without change of meaning, and words such as de or le (which express only grammatical information) would not exist.
		Chinese (and to a lesser extent Korean and Japanese) follow a topic-comment grammatical form, which can be seen as isomorphic to an s-expression.
		Chinese also has an equivalent to the passive voice, which is frequently used in such contexts.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/437 (10279 words)

	chinese pronouns - Definition and Meaning of chinese pronouns
		1: Chinese adj 1: of or pertaining to China or its peo...
		2:...han Ceylon cinnamon bark [syn: [[cassia bark]], [[Chinese
		5: shelterbelts and hedges [syn: [[Chinese elm]], [[Ulmus
	www.wordiq.com /reference/chinese+pronouns (292 words)

	California Adult Education: Class Outlines
		The course will cover basic Chinese sentences, fundamentals of grammar in simple sentence patterns, simple conversation, the written system of the Mandarin language and topics on history, customs and manners of Chinese culture.
		The course also continues the study of the rudiments of oral and written Chinese, emphasizes standard pronunciation and intonation, and seeks to expand an appreciation of Chinese culture.
		Of course, you will be floored by the response of the Chinese speaker, all the more so if you say your little sentence perfectly as he will assume you have a good knowledge of the language.
	www.otan.dni.us /classoutlines/index.cfm?fuseaction=doc&recno=774&print=true (1739 words)

	Chang-O Flies to the Moon: Notes: ELISION Ensemble
		Chinese is a grammatically uninflected language in relation to person, that is, verbs are not conjugated as they are in Indo-European languages.
		In spoken Chinese, the pronouns `he´, `she´, `it´ are represented by the same syllable ta but are distinguished in their written form.
		This addition to the written language was made by Chinese writers wanting to translate texts from European languages and the changes have become part of the mainstream vocabulary of modern Chinese.
	www.elision.org.au /repertoire/notes/20362.html (815 words)

	Amazon.ca: Chinese: An Essential Grammar: Books: Yip Po Ching,Don Rimmington,Po-Ching Yip (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ideal reference source for the learner and user of Chinese, the grammar is suitable for either independent study or for students in schools.
		Yip Po Ching is Senior Lecturer in Chinese Studies and Don Rimmington is Professor of East Asian Studies, both at the University of Leeds.
		The small "dictionary" at the end of the book is not really intended as a dictionary, but rather as a helpful list of all the words used in the examples, along with their corresponding characters.
	www.amazon.ca /Chinese-Essential-Yip-Po-Ching/dp/0415135354 (1208 words)

	Presentation 04-08-2003 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To develop tools to perform this task, a gold-standard corpus with the anaphor-antecedent relations marked in it is useful both for evaluating any tool that is built, as well as for training learning-based tools to do the task.
		I will discuss the guidelines for annotating the Chinese Treebank (CTB) with co-reference relations between overt pronouns, demonstratives, and zero pronouns and their nominal antecedents.
		Because not every pronoun (overt or zero) or demonstrative necessarily refers to a nominal entity, the guidelines include categories for tagging the "non-co-referring" pronominal anaphors.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /group/clunch/spring2003/04-08-2003.htm (163 words)

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