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	Chinese character - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to Chinese legend, Jiuli was defeated by the military unification of Huang Di (黃帝 Huángdì) and Yandi, leaders of the Huaxia (華夏 Huáxià) tribe (the ancestors of the Han Chinese) as they struggled for supremacy of the Huang He valley.
		Scripts that are still used regularly for print are the "Clerk Script" or 隸書[隶书] lìshū, the "Wei Monumental" or 魏碑 wèibēi, the "Regular Script" or 楷書[楷书] kǎishū, the "Song Style" or 宋體[宋体] sòngtǐ (mainly used in printing and computer fonts), and the "Running Script" or 行書[行书] xíngshū.
		This is possible because the phonetic system of Chinese allows for many words to have the same pronunciation (homonymy), and because the consideration of phonetic similarity used in a character generally ignores its tone and the manner of articulation of its initial consonant (but not the place of articulation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_character (4368 words)

	Chinese script and language
		Spoken Chinese: Cantonese, Dungan, Gan, Hakka, Mandarin, Shanghainese, Taiwanese, Teochew, Xiang
		Chinese is written with characters known as 漢字 [汉字] (hànzi).
		Chinese characters, with some modifications, are also used in written Japanese and Korean, and were once used to write Vietnamese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chinese.htm (892 words)

	Chinese Language and Script
		Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters.
		There are two elements to the Chinese language: the written language, based on individual symbols called characters, each of which represents an idea or thing; and the spoken language, which includes a number of different dialects.
		Chinese writing does not have an alphabet, instead, they are using symbols, or Chinese characters (hanzi in Chinese, kanji in Japanese).
	www.crystalinks.com /chineselang.html (1356 words)

	Introduction to the Chinese Script
		The Chinese script is one of the oldest and most widely used writing systems in the world.
		Chinese characters are the basic carriers of the traditional Chinese culture, and, as an important tool for extending, spreading and exchanging ideas, they have played a critical role in the long history of the Chinese nation.
		The Chinese script is an ideographic writing system, in which the graphic structure is directly related to the meaning.
	faculty.virginia.edu /cll/chinese/introduction.html (1225 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Chinese
		Most of the time, this script was etched onto turtle shells and animals bones, which were then used for divination in the royal court.
		This script flourished from the Late Shang to the Western Chou, (1100 BC to 700 BC).
		This elegant script is the direct parent of the modern, un-simplified Chinese script.
	www.ancientscripts.com /chinese.html (669 words)

	Chinese Script \| CHIN 110 \| Cultural Traditions of China
		Chinese, as with the vast majority of other languages, may be divided between its oral and written aspects.
		Modern Chinese typeface traces its ancestry to the clerical script, and to the "standard script" (kaishu 楷書), which was associated with the great Eastern Jin calligrapher, Wang Xizhi 王羲之 (AD 321-379).
		Chinese parents like to use the "running script" in letters, which often poses difficulties to their American-born childen, who are only familiar with the printed script.
	www.wellesley.edu /Chinese/Chin110/chinese_script.html (1371 words)

	Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All Chinese characters, or at least all the characters one is likely to encounter in reading a text written within the past two millennia or so, and excluding a few of direct pictographic origin, are actually combinations of some 200 semantics and 4,000 phonetics.
		Chinese spelling as represented by its phonetic elements is erratic, inefficient, and difficult to master.
		The second sense of the term refers to the structure of Chinese characters and is intended to draw attention to the fact that, in most cases, a character is composed of two elements, a phonetic grapheme which suggests the syllabic pronunciation of the full character, and a semantic element which hints at its meaning.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/visible/visible.html (9228 words)

	Chinese character - Chinese Character - Chinese
		Chinese characters or Han characters (汉字/漢字) are used in the written forms of the Chinese language, and to varying degrees in the Japanese languageJapanese and Korean languageKorean languages (though the latter only in South Korea).
		This is possible because the phonetic system of Chinese allows for many words to have the same pronunciation (homonymy), and because the consideration of phonetic similarity used in a character generally ignores its Tonal languagetone and the manner of articulation of its initial consonant (but not the place of articulation).
		The large number of Chinese characters is due to their logographic nature andmdash; for every morpheme there must be a symbol, and sometimes there are variant characters have developed for the same morpheme.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Chinese_Character (3193 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Thus he created the script." The account, though clearly legendary, makes it clear that Xu Shen saw the Chinese script not as pictographic (a picture of an animal represents an animal) but, rather, as symbolic, where different marks are not actually images of the animals that they represent.
		Another aspect of the Chinese script that is often misrepresented is the extent to which it is monosyllabic.
		The script was called "seal script," for in succeeding millennia and down to the present day it was one of the preferred carving styles for the characters used on seal-stones or chops, which were, and to some extent still are, the equivalent of a signature in China.
	www.fathom.com /feature/121782 (1779 words)

	Chinese Script
		Another type of early Chinese script in its long history of development is represented by the inscriptions cast or carved on ancient bronze objects of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
		It is called.Jinwen (literally, script on metal) and, as ancient bronzes arc generally referred to as zhongding (bells and tripods) it is also called zhongdingmen.
		Shigawen, the earliest Chinese script cut on stone, is kept in the Palace Museum (Forbidden City) of Beijing.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinascript.html (3095 words)

	Calligraphy - the five Chinese script forms
		Perhaps this was because one of the first applications of the Chinese pictograph system was in the practice of divination.
		It is generally divided into five scripts: the seal script (zhuanshu), the official or clerical script (lishu), the regular script (kaishu), the grass script (caoshu) and the running script (xingshu).
		L ishu (official script) was developed during the Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) in an attempt to standardize writing throughout the empire.
	www.imperialtours.net /calligraphy.htm (442 words)

	Development of the Chinese Script
		On the basis of the available evidence, the earliest Chinese scripts, dating from the Shang Dynasty, are known as Jiaguwen (the oracle bone scripts) and Tongqi Mingwen (the Bronze scripts).
		The scripts of Lishu revised and modified the former fat and curved strokes to be flat, upright and horizontal.
		The Kaishu script began during the declining years of the Han Dynasty, became mature during the Weijin Period, became commonly used during the Nan Bei Chao Period, and is still in use today.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~clp/China/develop.htm (1291 words)

	About Chinese Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chinese written in these simplified forms is called Simplified Chinese, which are used in the Mainland and Singapore.
		A major difference between Chinese and Japanese script reform, for example, was the emphasis placed by the Chinese on the sound, i.e.
		Chinese characters are regarded as one of the world's least computer-friendly character sets.
	cn.geocities.com /dzstud/Chinese.htm (1298 words)

	Chinese Literature - Chinese Script (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The simpliest version is the invention of script by Cangjie or Cang Jie åé ¡, a minister of the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di or Huangdi é»å¸) who saw the traces of bird feet in the mud and used these imprints as example for a pictorial script.
		Chinese is written in columns from right to left, according to the natural material of bamboo strips - but already on the oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, Chinese is written in columns.
		The Xixia script is known from several multi-lingual steles with inscriptions in Chinese, Uighurian, Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Xixia.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Literature/script.html (6688 words)

	chinese symbol tattoos / tattoo design
		In 1956, the Chinese goverment changed over 2800 traditonal Chinese characters into simplified characters, these simplified characters have less strokes than traditonal characters, so they are easier to remember and write.
		Generally, the calligraphiers use traditonal Chinese characters to create their works, and the Chinese symbol cliparts and designs at our website are also using traditonal Chinese characters.
		Chinese script unused today in China to serve the needs of society are kaishu (regular script) and xingshu (running script), but in the art are zhen, cao, official script and seal character script compete with each other.
	www.chinavoc.com /symbol/style.asp (485 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Nushu
		Traditional Chinese culture is male-centered and forbids girls from any kind of formal education, so Nushu was developed in secrecy over hundred of years in the Jiangyong county of Hunan province.
		Some Nushu characters are taken from Chinese, while others appear to be invented, but all are rendered in a style much more cursive than written Chinese.
		Also, like Chinese, Nushu is written from top to bottom in columns, and the columns are written from right to left.
	www.ancientscripts.com /nushu.html (295 words)

	Dungan Script and Chinese Language Reform
		The present paper is an exercise in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics inasmuch as it focusses on the practical aspects of SD as they relate to Chinese script reform in the recent past and the near future.
		On the other hand, the Chinese are in some respects in a better position to phoneticize MSM than were the Dungans when they started out to do so in the early part of this century.
		Unless we assume that the lectures of Chinese professors are babyish and the tales of Chinese storytellers are bland, then there is nothing to prevent the emulation of SD by MSM.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/dungan.html (8356 words)

	Intersections: Chûgoku no onnamoji [Chinese Women's Script] Review
		This volume by Endo Orie is a welcome addition to the growing body of works in the extraordinary script known as Women's Script or nüshu which is used by peasant women in remote villages in Jiangyong county, Hunan province in China.
		Women's script, as it is known to its practitioners, is a phonetic script quite distinct from Chinese character script.
		In Han Chinese culture generally women were confined to the 'side chambers' of the house, which in affluent households would be entirely enclosed by a wall.
	wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au /intersections/issue2/endoreview.html (1915 words)

	Changes in writing Chinese calligraphy/Characters
		The breakdown in style is roughly as follows: zhenshu (regular script prevalent in the Han Dynasty), caoshu (cursive script), lishu (official script) and zhuan-shu (seal character script).
		Chinese script unused today in China to serve the needs of society are kaishu (regular script) and xingshu (running script), but in the art arena zhen, cao, official script and seal character script compete with each other.
		Chinese calligraphy entered its golden age during the Sui and Tang dynasties, when China produced the largest number of calligraphers and made the greatest achievements in calligraphic art, unmatched other historic periods or dynasties.
	www.chinavoc.com /arts/calligraphy/changestyle.asp (1199 words)

	A language by women, for women - washingtonpost.com Highlights - MSNBC.com
		But back then, centuries ago, it was just a way for the sworn sisters of this rugged and tradition-laden Chinese countryside to share their hopes, their joys and their many sorrows.
		It was a delicate, graceful script handed down from grandmother to granddaughter, from elderly aunt to adolescent niece, from girlfriend to girlfriend -- and never, ever shared with the men and boys.
		So was born nushu, or women's script, a single-sex writing system that Chinese scholars believe is the only one of its kind.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4356095 (1560 words)

	Original Chinese and Korean Calligraphy by Sang H. Kim
		Modern Chinese script descended from styles such as Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu, which date back over two thousand years.
		Modern Chinese characters have been the favored subject of calligraphers for centuries in both China and Korea.
		Standard Script is characterized by single strokes structured within imaginary geometrical shapes, each character creating its own “house of meaning.” Running Script oftens skips strokes or dots found in standard script, creating a circular, elegant look.
	www.turtlepress.com /category_s/4.htm (565 words)

	Styles
		The following table shows the different scripts, the historical period when they were first known to become popular.
		While Zhuan is still in use, there was a rapid transition to Xing Shu to cope with the social development of commerce and military engagements.
		The continuity of Chinese culture and civilization is indebted to the preservation of forms of various scripts throughout the ages.
	www.asiawind.com /art/callig/callisty.htm (313 words)

	Chinese Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chinese characters can be traced to a time when people making records in their daily life by tying knots in ropes or strings.
		The most acceptable legend of the inventor of Chinese writing was a minister named Ts'ang Chieh, who records the history in the court of Emperor Huang Ti, the first king of China.
		Hence, to have a better understanding about Chinese people is to understand the written Chinese.
	logos.uoregon.edu /explore/orthography/chinese.html (307 words)

	TENSTROKES ALPHABET & INTERNET-CHINESE SCRIPT
		INTRODUCTION: TENSTROKES® Alphabet is the standardized Transcode™ of multilingual scripts, including the 10 Indo-Arabic Numerals, 26 Latin alphabet Letters and the 60 thousands or more of Chinese graphic characters, and innumerable multicultural graphic symbols.
		The fact that TENSTROKES® Alphabet can spell English letters and symbols as well as Chinese characters, and modernized Internet-Chinese script, heralds new steps in global education and world trade, East-West, across WWW.
		Chinese can now learn English faster, and Americans can learn the Internet-Chinese faster.
	www.internetchinese.com /english/English_=_Internet-Chinese.htm (367 words)

	Géyīnzì
		The sound system is based on bopomofo (the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) with some modifications.
		The shapes of the letters were inspired partly by bopomofo and partly by such alphabets as Thai and Burmese.
		Mandarin Chinese, but could be adapted to write other varieties of Chinese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/geyinzi.htm (214 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:cmn
		Written Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect, but has been heavily influenced by other varieties of Northern Mandarin.
		Of the five to six million ethnic Chinese in Indonesia (5,500,000 in 1976, or 4% of total population according to United Nations), 65% (3,500,000 to 4,000,000) speak Indonesian in the home, 35% (2,000,000) speak 5 Chinese languages in the home.
		Wardlaw, Terrance R. Review of: Mandarin Chinese: an introduction, by Mobo C. Gao.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=cmn (580 words)

	Asian Language Analysis - Basis Technology Products -
		Rosette Base Linguistics for Chinese, Japanese and Korean are extremely accurate and reliable solutions to help complex applications process unstructured Asian language text by conquering some of these languages’ many challenges, such as the use of numerous scripts and absence of spaces between words.
		Chinese Script Converter solves the information retrieval issues stemming from the major differences between SC and TC, including character sets, encoding methods, orthography, vocabulary, and semantics.
		For example, “taxi” is written as “出租汽车” in Simplified Chinese and “計程車” in Traditional Chinese.
	www.basistech.com /base-linguistics/asian (293 words)

	Chinese Religions links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization (University of Washington)
		Chinese Philosophy: Good introduction to the classical period, with maps, charts, etc.
		Bibliography of Chinese science and medicine in Western languages (Nathan Sivin, University of Pennsylvania)
	www2.kenyon.edu /Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/LINKS270.htm (1245 words)

	TiENSTROKES (R) Internet-Chinese (TM) Home Page
		This Mandarin phrase is readable like English, learnable like French, and directly convertible to Chinese characters
		This is what I mean by: Chinese for Everyone™.
		The Internet-Chinese® script speeds up your thinking, listening and talking in Chinese.
	www.internetchinese.com (136 words)

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