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Topic: Chinese social relations

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	Chinese social relations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The individual link within the social network is known by guanxi(关系) and the feeling within the link is known by the term ganqing(感情).
		Social relations are often expressed by the exchange of gifts.
		An important concept within Chinese social relations is the concept of face and many other Oriental cultures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_social_relations (137 words)

	Face (social custom) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lian is the confidence of society in a person's moral character, while mianzi represents social perceptions of a person's prestige.
		For a person to maintain face is important with Chinese social relations because face translates into power and influence.
		A very public example of this occurred during the Tiananmen protests of 1989 when Wu'er Kaixi scolded Premier Li Peng for being late to a meeting with the demonstrators, which results in Li's loss of mianzi because he was seen as either tardy or insincere about the meeting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Face_(social_custom) (270 words)

	Culture of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Credited with shaping much of Chinese thought, Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, and mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.
		Chinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, marked by periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion.
		Chinese architecture, examples of which can be found over 2,000 years ago, has long been a landmark of Chinese culture.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Culture_of_China (1899 words)

	KOWTOW FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Kowtow, from the Chinese term ''kÃ²u tÃ³u'' (Cantonese: ''kau tÃ uh'') (叩頭), is the act of deep respect shown by kneeling and bowing so low as to touch the head to the ground.
		While the phrase ''kÃ¨ tÃ³u'' (磕頭) is often used in lieu of the former in modern Chinese, the meaning is somewhat altered: ''kÃ²u'' originally meant "knock with reverence", whereas ''kÃ¨'' has the general meaning of "touch upon (a surface)".
		Current Chinese etiquette does not contain any situations in which the kowtow is regularly performed in front of a living human being, although it may occur in rare and extreme cases where one is begging for forgiveness or offering an extreme apology, or showing respect in traditional funerals.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /kowtow (332 words)

	Culture of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In essence, the history of 20th Century China is one of experimentation to find a new system of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse.
		Also during this period, Chinese poetry thrived and is considered marked as the "Golden age" of Chinese poetry.
		Like Chinese scroll paintings, the principle underlying the garden's composition is to create enduring flow, to let the patron wander and enjoy the garden without prescription, as in nature herself.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Culture_of_China (1899 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Category:Sociology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sociology is the study of social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions.
		A typical textbook definition of sociology calls it the study of the social lives of humans, groups and societies.
		Sociology is interested in our behavior as social beings; thus the sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Category:Sociology (98 words)

	Chinese social relations -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The individual link within the social network is known by (Click link for more info and facts about guanxi) guanxi(关系;) and the feeling within the link is known by the term (Click link for more info and facts about ganqing) ganqing(感情;).
		Social relations are often expressed by the exchange of (Something acquired without compensation) gifts.
		An important concept within Chinese social relations is the concept of (The front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear) face and many other Oriental cultures.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chinese_social_relations.htm (262 words)

	Traditional Chinese Foreign Relations
		Relations between China and other states were in theory to be governed by the same li, the "Confucian rules of propriety," that regulated familial and social relations within China.
		The Chinese rulers were driven by dynastic ambition and the wish to prove that they enjoyed the mandate of Heaven, by occupying a large area and restoring the glory of the Han dynasty, which had extended its rule over the Koguryô area.
		For the Chinese the coming of foreign missions showed a recognition of the superiority of Chinese civilization and the authority of the "Son of Heaven." It was also considered a gesture of friendship and peace.
	nacrp.cic.sfu.ca /nacrp/articles/panyihong/panyihongtext.html (6534 words)

	Kowtow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kowtow, from the Chinese term kou tou (叩頭), is the act of deep respect shown by kneeling and bowing so low as to touch the head to the ground.
		While the phrase ke tou (磕頭) is often used in lieu of the former in modern Chinese, the meaning is somewhat altered: kou originally meant "knock with reverence", whereas ke has the general meaning of "touch upon (a surface)".
		Current Chinese etiquette does not contain any situations in which the kowtow is regularly performed in front of a living human being, although it may occur in rare and extreme cases where one is begging for forgiveness or offering an extreme apology.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ko/Kowtow.htm (293 words)

	CULTURE OF HONG KONG FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The culture of Hong_Kong is characterised by the blending of Asian (mainly southern Chinese) and western influences (primarily British and Irish), as well as the status of the city as a major international business centre.
		Chinese cuisine, especially Cantonese cuisine in the form of dim_sum, is now commonplace in many countries all over the world.
		Chinese_chess is mostly played by elderly Chinese men across Hong Kong, who are usually surrounded by crowds betting on the winner, and it is also popular among secondary school students.
	www.flowergods.com /Culture_of_Hong_Kong (350 words)

	yuan-fen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yuan (缘) or Yuanfen (缘份;; pinyin: yuan2 fen4) is a Buddhist-related Chinese concept that means the predetermined principle that dictates a person's relationships and encounters, usually positive, such as the affinity among friends or lovers.
		Unlike other Chinese social relations, which describe abstract, but easily noticeable, connections between people, nowadays, Chinese merely use this word poetically or to emphasize a meant-to-be relationship, and almost never in a serious business or legal situation.
		The most common Chinese term for "fate" or "destiny" is mingyun (命運 ming4 yun4), literally "the turn of events in life".
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Yuan-fen (415 words)

	Culture Of China Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well as influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion.
		Twentieth-century Chinese art was heavily influenced by the New Culture Movement, which adopted Western techniques, introduced oil painting and employed socialist realism.
		Twentieth-century Chinese poetry was also influenced by the Cultural Revolution but several poets attempted to resist the Cultural Revolution by incorporating pro-democratic themes.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Culture_of_China (2176 words)

	NVCC COLLEGE-WIDE COURSE CONTENT SUMMARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		History of Chinese Culture and Institutions was designed to provide a wide range of course experiences that will meet the needs of the student population served by Northern Virginia Community College.
		The primary purpose is investigation of the social, economic, political, and cultural institutions of man as he is, was, and could be in the environment of China.
		Social and economic forces that shape Communist China are accumulative and originated during the early dynasties.
	www.nv.cc.va.us /depts/ces/his255.htm (208 words)

	Trinket
		A social system is located in a certainterritory, a spatial area that the social system is entitled toexploit; we considered this to be its domestic environment (forests,agricultural fields, shores, sea zones etc.).
		Trinket's environmental relations are, therefore, inextricablylinked to its trading relations with other societies, both at theregional and the global level.
		These external relations are alsocrucial in defining Trinket's internal social and cultural integrity.Changes in socio-cultural parameters manifest themselves in new formsof environmental relations.
	www.nicobar.org /BOOK/scientificpapers/pap_sjs_trinket/sci_trinket.htm (10528 words)

	Oregon History Project
		The specifics of Chinese immigration to the Pacific Coast and the reaction of white workers to their presence are well known.
		Thousands of Chinese men were attracted to the California gold fields in the 1850s, and to railroad labor throughout the West from the mid-1860s through the 1890s.
		Chinese men settled close to Second and Oak Streets, which had become so segregated by 1880 that the federal census designated it a separate enumeration district, containing over 1,500 Chinese men — and no one else.
	www.ohs.org /education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=198 (749 words)

	Saint Martin's University - Political science - International relations minor
		The International Relations minor is designed for students who are interested in studying global problems from an interdisciplinary perspective.
		The minor emphasizes the study of political science, foreign language, history, and related fields to provide students with an understanding of contemporary issues.
		The minor will provide students with a strong theoretical foundation in international relations as well as opportunities for practical experience that prepares them for careers in teaching, politics, journalism, private non-profit organizations and public service.
	www.stmartin.edu /social_science/political_science/ir_minor.htm (187 words)

	CRS Report on US-China Relations
		Bilateral relations did not improve with the advent of the Clinton Administration, but remained uneven in 1993 and 1994, and by 1995 were deteriorating steadily.
		Chinese officials have routinely denied that coercion is an authorized part of national family planning programs, but they have acknowledged that some provincial and local officials have pursued coercive policies.
		According to leading authorities on China's economy, official Chinese statistics show that a staggering 22% of the total lending of Chinese banks is judged to be in non-performing loans, primarily loans to insolvent state enterprises.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/980717CRSRelations.htm (7045 words)

	GIONews
		Thus the move to allow residents of Taiwan to visit relatives on the mainland was significant not only because it ended the ban on personal visits between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, but also because it paved the way for cross-strait cultural and economic exchanges.
		In 1991, we formulated the Guidelines for National Unification, which call for the promotion of cross-strait relations in stages, with the ultimate objective of national unification under the principles of freedom, democracy and equitable prosperity.
		Fifty years of hard work by the Republic of China on Taiwan has achieved political democracy, economic prosperity and social pluralism--what has come to be known as the "Taiwan experience." And it is this experience that stands as our greatest advantage in the competition between our institutions and those on the mainland.
	www.taipei.org /current/siew831e.htm (727 words)

	Prospects for Cross-strait Economic and Trade Relations
		Cross-strait relations have rapidly expanded with the growth of trade and Taiwan investment on the Chinese mainland.
		In 1996, the Chinese mainland conducted a series of missile tests in the waters near Taiwan to intimidate voters during the first direct presidential election, thus destabilizing security in the Taiwan area.
		However, the Beijing authorities constantly interfere with the legitimate foreign relations of the Republic of China and demand that the ROC accept their self-serving definition of the "one China" principle.
	www.taipei.org /chen/0501e-2.htm (633 words)

	International Relations
		The curriculum exposes students to political questions about security, diplomacy, and power relations among nations; the nature of political life in other societies; the development of economic relationships within and between nations; the historical and cultural origins of American, European, Asian, Latin American, and African nations; and requires proficiency in foreign language.
		While not directly vocational in nature, the international relations major prepares students for graduate and professional schools, for careers in international and regional agencies and organizations in the public and private sectors, and for the foreign service.
		Majors in international relations must complete a minimum of fourteen (14) courses from five (5) academic areas: politics, history, economics, foreign languages, and culture area studies.
	www.rollins.edu /int-relations (618 words)

	Bulletin--International Relations Discipline
		Analysis of current relations in light of events in the post-World War II period, as in discussing the Soviet role in Poland's policies toward Solidarity.
		Major social, economic, political, and constitutional issues before the various organs of the United Nations with emphasis on their meaning for a selected member state.
		Seminar designed to introduce international relations graduate students to the range of methods of analysis in the field and to require students to select their thesis topics.
	www.sfsu.edu /~bulletin/noindex/9496/courses/crs-ij/ir.htm (2066 words)

	index
		At first, Californians were barely aware of the Chinese presence because they were employed in railroad construction and mining, distant from the centers of population.
		These social evils were attributed to the Chinese and sensationalized by whites.
		[4] “The Chinese are uncivilized, unclean, and filthy beyond all conception without any of the higher domestic or social relations; lustful and sensual in their dispositions, every female is a prostitute of the basest order….”[5] In 1875, the American Medical Association sponsored a study of Chinese prostitutes and their effect on the “nation’s bloodstream”.
	www.american.edu /bgriff/dighistprojects/boyle/chinatowns.htm (591 words)

	Everything Chinese - Learn Mandarin and Chinese Culture - Chinese Etiquette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chinese courtesies have always been formal to follow strict rules, although sometimes Chinese people seem to be impolite according to Western norms in public places.
		Although your Chinese host will not expect you to know everything about proper banquet behavior, he will greatly appreciate it when you are displaying some knowledge of the subject, because it shows that you have respect for Chinese culture, etiquette and traditions.
		In the course of drinking at banquets, it is not unusual for some Chinese to become quite drunk, although vomiting or falling down in public entails loss of face.
	www.everything-chinese.com /content/view/170/61 (1272 words)

	Fuji Lozada's Webpage @ Davidson College
		Chinese global imaginings in the world's fastest growing computer market have become saturated with images of a localized cyberculture.
		These images not only reflect but also enact changes in urban and rural Chinese conceptions of self, as young adults pursue their visions of the good life.
		The localization of computer technology has created new cultural forms and social structures that have further distanced traditional sources of stratification: urban versus rural, littoral versus hinterland, and wider versus more local networks.
	www.davidson.edu /academic/anthropology/erlozada/papers/00AAA.htm (273 words)

	China-U.S. Relations
		Administration officials appear convinced that China believes good relations with the United States are important, and that Chinese leaders have made significant shifts in their willingness to abide by international agreements, such as deciding to phase out its nuclear cooperation with Iran.
		Chinese officials have accused the group of being a cult and fostering superstitious teachings.
		Chinese officials have also ruthlessly suppressed dissent among ethnic minorities, particularly in Tibet and in the Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, in China's far west.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/inter-25.htm (7775 words)

	transcript (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ø The cause of disruption of Sino-Soviet relations is not an ideological issue as to which country and party truly represents Maxism and Communism.
		Ø The new type of relations was formed that went beyond ideological differences and were based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.
		Chinese see Chinese-Russian relations with focus on the future, not the past.
	www.ceip.org /files/programs/russia/tenyears/presentation/fenglin.htm (410 words)

	Yuanfen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In common usage the term can be defined as the "binding force" that links two persons together in any relationship.
		The concept of synchronicity from the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung can be seen as similar to yuanfen, which Chinese people also believe to be a universal force governing the happening of things to some people at some places.
		Yuanfen belongs to the family of concepts known in theology as determinism.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Y/Yuanfen.htm (497 words)

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