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	The Chinese Tallow Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chinese Tallow Tree oil was used successfully as an emergency source of fuel for diesel equipment operated by Chinese and Allied forces during the Second World War, and its application as a renewable diesel and jet engine fuel has been further investigated more recently in Germany and the United States.
		Serious efforts by the USDA in the early part of the 20th Century demonstrated the adaptability and large oil yield of the tree in the U.S. However, traditional Chinese hand harvesting methods were not economical and the mechanical harvesting technology of that era was not capable of efficient recovery of the large potential oil resource.
		Chinese tallow has been cultivated in nurseries and sold as an ornamental tree used for landscaping; however, it is now classified as a nuisance species in some locations and can no longer be sold.
	www.alpharubicon.com /altenergy/chinesetallowtree.htm (722 words)

	Texas Toxic Plants
		Chinese tallow is a fast-growing weedy tree with milky sap.
		Chinese tallow was introduced from Asia and is planted widely as an ornamental.
		Chinese tallow is unpalatable and is not consumed when good grazing management practices are followed.
	texnat.tamu.edu /cmplants/toxic/plants/chinesetallow.html (386 words)

	Floridata: Sapium sebiferum
		Chinese tallow is native to China and Japan where it has been cultivated for its useful seeds and as an ornamental for more than a thousand years.
		Chinese tallow begins producing seeds at three years of age and a mature tree can produce 100,000 seeds per year.
		Chinese tallow is a Red Alert pest plant in California (has the potential to spread explosively).
	www.floridata.com /ref/S/sapi_seb.cfm (667 words)

	U of A Cooperative Extension Service - Ask Janet Carson Archives - Trees - Chinese Tallow (Popcorn Tree)
		A redbud tree has a definite heart shaped leaf, while the tallow tree leaf is not cut in at attachment, having a more pointed shape at both ends, almost, but not quite a diamond in shape.
		Tallow trees are usually not as noxious a weed in Arkansas as they can be further south.
		Chinese Tallow trees (Sapium sebiferum) get the common name 'popcorn' tree because of the white seeds that form at the end of the season.
	www.arhomeandgarden.org /_archive/askjanet/trees/chinese_tallow_tree.htm (514 words)

	Sapium sebiferum
		Chinese tallow tree is cultivated for its seeds as a source of vegetable tallow, a drying oil and protein food, and as an ornamental.
		Tallow is used for manufacturing candles, a layer of wax being placed over the tallow body to prevent too rapid burning; has excellent burning quality, and gives an inodorous clear bright flame; also used for making soap, cloth dressing and fuel.
		Tallow is separated by placing the seed in hot water, thereby melting the tallow which floats on the surface, or by melting tallow with steam and collecting it when it drops off.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Sapium_sebiferum.html (1590 words)

	Burke's Backyard Archives 2001 - Chinese Tallow Tree
		This tree is native to southern China, where a substantial industry once revolved around the harvesting and processing of its waxy seeds.
		These days Chinese tallow tree is grown mostly as an ornamental, and it is one of the few deciduous trees to produce good autumn colour in areas with mild winters.
		Chinese tallow trees are widely available at nurseries, or ask your nursery to order one for you.
	www.burkesbackyard.com.au /2001/archives/2001_archives/in_the_garden/trees_and_palms/chinese_tallow_tree?mysource_site_extension=printer_friendly_pages (396 words)

	Triadica sebifera (L.) Small (Chinese Tallow Tree)
		Chinese tallow tree is native to China and was introduced into the United States as an ornamental.
		Chinese tallow tree is a small to medium-sized monoecious tree.
		The plant is a fast-growing tree, hence its popularity as a shade tree ornamental.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /pmis/plants/html/triadica.html (257 words)

	Chinese Tallow Tree For Building
		A preliminary study by USDA FS Southern Research Station (SRS) scientists and cooperators shows that Chinese tallow tree, a nonnative invasive plant in the southeastern United States, holds promise as a material for bio-based composite building panels.
		Because Chinese tallow tree grows rapidly, has seeds rich in oils, abundant flowers, and colorful fall foliage, it has been widely planted both as an ornamental and a crop across the Southeast.
		Chinese tallow tree tested up to standards for all three panel types, with the wood's relatively low density and high compaction ratio adding to its potential.
	www.biology-blog.com /blogs/permalinks/7-2006/chinese-tallow-tree-for-building.html (386 words)

	NATURAL AREA WEEDS: Chinese Tallow (Sapium sebiferum L.)
		Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum L.) can be identified by its simple, alternate leaves with broadly rounded bases that taper to a slender point and dull white seeds that remain attached after leaves have fallen.
		Chinese tallow is a deciduous tree with a milky sap that commonly grows to 30 ft tall.
		Chinese tallow has been extensively used for ornamental planting and is a common plant on landscaped property.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AG148 (1537 words)

	Welcome to the USGS Invasive Species Program
		By investigating the effects of burning on the survival and growth of these invasive species, researchers were able to show that effects of fire on Chinese tallow are size- and age-dependent, allowing refuge managers to focus their management dollars and labor effectively.
		This research combines field sampling of birds in tallow woodlands vs. native forests, laboratory analyses on nutritional aspects of tallow fruit and coexisting native fruits, and aviary experiments that will determine the ability of birds to metabolize the waxy fruit of Chinese tallow.
		They are also developing an individual-based forest simulation model of bottomland hardwood systems of the Mississippi River delta with and without control measures for the spread of Chinese tallow and to determine the role that rising sea level and surface water control will play in its future spread and eradication.
	biology.usgs.gov /invasive/CaseFiles/ChineseTallow.htm (792 words)

	Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae) @ Forestry Images
		Tallow tree is a deciduous tree reaching 60 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter.
		Tallow tree is s serious threat because of its ability to invade high quality, undisturbed forests.
		Tallow tree is a native of China and was first introduced into America in South Carolina during the 1700s for ornamental purposes and for seed oil production.
	www.forestryimages.org /browse/subimages.cfm?sub=3079 (265 words)

	Cogongrass, Chinese Tallow Tree Invade Coastal Prairie Habitats
		The Chinese tallow tree, one of the greatest threats to habitat in the South, rapidly replaces native plants and trees, radically altering marsh, forest, and coastal prairie ecosystems.
		In the coastal prairie (central Louisiana to southern Texas) tallows threaten restoration.
		In addition to performing research on Chinese tallow, USGS scientists from the National Wetlands Research Center are examining whether prescribed fire might be a useful tool in controlling tallow in the Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in Louisiana, and Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge in Texas.
	www.usgs.gov /invasive_species/plw/cogongrass.html (448 words)

	Tallow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike suet, tallow can be stored for extended periods without the need for refrigeration to prevent decomposition, provided it is kept in an airtight container to prevent oxidation.
		In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point, which is also known as titre.
		Tallow is used in in the steel rolling industry to provide the required lubrication as the sheet steel is compressed through the rollers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tallow (257 words)

	Troublesome Tallow - Through the Sallyport
		Siemann, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology, is concerned about the spread of Chinese tallow trees, because once they replace bluestem grasses, sunflowers, blazing stars, and other plants found in the prairies, those species and their associated fauna will not come back.
		Siemann is testing various methods of controlling tallow trees using land in Galveston County owned by the University of Houston Coastal Center.
		Chinese tallow trees are starting to sprout, for example, in the forests of East Texas.
	www.rice.edu /sallyport/2002/summer/sallyport/troublesometallow.html (527 words)

	[Arid_gardener] re: Care of Chinese Tallow
		The Chinese Tallow Tree, Sapium sebiferum, is a large, deciduous tree up to 40 feet tall and 30 feet wide so it will need plenty of space.
		As the tree grows, the irrigation area should be continuously moved out to the edge of the canopy and the depth penetration increased gradually to about 3 feet at maturity.
		The tree suckers easily and you may want to prune it for the first few years to control suckers and shape the tree.
	ag.arizona.edu /pipermail/arid_gardener/2005-November/003085.html (589 words)

	Forest service researchers test Chinese tallow tree for use in building materials
		A preliminary study by USDA FS Southern Research Station (SRS) researchers and cooperators shows that Chinese tallow tree, a nonnative invasive plant in the southeastern United States, holds promise as a material for bio-based composite building panels.
		One of the barriers to using Chinese tallow tree for composites has been the fear that by developing an industrial use for the plant we would be encouraging people to plant more of it, Groom continued.
		We have heard anecdotally that buyers prefer brightly colored panels, so the light color of Chinese tallow tree might also work to its advantage, said Groom, who emphasized that the studies were preliminary, and that more research is needed on the basic anatomical, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of the species.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-07/srs--fsr072506.php (414 words)

	Effects of habitat, burial, age and passage through birds on germination and establishment of chinese tallow tree in ...
		Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.) is a nonnative, aggressive plant that has colonized coastal prairie and other habitats along the Gulf Coast (Bruce et al.
		In South Carolina, not all habitats are equally susceptible to tallow tree invasion (Renne, unpubl.
		Determining the factors) limiting tallow tree population growth among habitats can be useful for predicting its future local and regional success.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4017/is_200104/ai_n8948666 (931 words)

	Alligator Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Weimer said Chinese tallows are able to grow within a wide ecological range, yet they are found mostly in the prairie's wet areas where the forest ends.
		It now is prohibited to sell Chinese tallow, but Stocker said this is due to heavy use of the plant for landscaping because of its beauty.
		The long branches of the tree are covered with fruit, which is the source of the seeds.
	www.alligator.org /edit/issues/99-fall/991129/b04tallow29.htm (771 words)

	PlantFiles: Detailed information on Chinese Tallow Tree, Candleberry Tree, Chicken Tree, Popcorn Tree, Florida Aspen ...
		The trees had a pleasant fragrance in spring, and beautiful colors in fall, but it came to be a real chore pulling out the many, many seedlngs each year.
		The "PopCorn Tree" is a native of China.
		The tallow trees did not get killed in the flood which I am very happy about.So I now intend to allow 2 of the young trees to grow on opposite sides of the backyard and replace the shade trees that I miss so much.
	davesgarden.com /pf/go/32151 (3354 words)

	Talgov.com - Your Own Utilities - Our Community - The Tallow Tree
		Unfortunately, the Chinese tallow didn't stay in the areas where it was planted.
		Attempts at managing Chinese tallow suggest that herbicidal methods are the most effective option for control at this time.
		Trees that have stems less than 6 inches in basal diameter, apply up to a 5% Triclopyr solution mixed with spray adjuvant oil.
	www.talgov.com /you/electric/tallow.cfm (1084 words)

	America's Inventor[tm] Online: Earthtrends
		This Simco directed effort led the USDA Office of Critical Materials in 1986 to designate the Chinese Tallow Tree as one of fourteen promising new crop species for American farmers to grow new hydrocarbon stocks and industrial materials.
		Based on studies of the growing habit of the tree and analysis of modern harvesting technologies, a patent for the cultural growth, management, and cropping of trees in a hedgerow configuration was granted to Stanley I. Mason in 1982.
		Simco's Chinese Tallow Tree commercialization program is currently at the stage of building and operating a prototype of the harvester in the Hawaiian Islands.
	www.inventionconvention.com /americasinventor/dec97issue/section12.html (785 words)

	Sapium sebiferum -- Non-Native Invasive Plants in the United States
		Chinese tallow has become naturalized in the southern coastal plain from South Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.
		Chinese tallow is a popular ornamental because of its fast growth and attractive foliage which becomes yellow to red in the fall and is resistant to pests.
		Young trees establish a taproot system and are able to withstand extended periods of drought.
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /sapium.html (599 words)

	TNC Invasive Species Initiative page
		We have found numerous Sapium sebiferum trees of various sizes, from saplings to young-mature trees, growing in native vegetation along the American River Parkway in Sacramento, California.
		The common name "Chinese Tallowtree" refers to its 1500 year history of being used as a seed-oil crop in Asia, while "Popcorn Tree" refers to its persistent, white fruit.
		Trees standing in water may be successfully killed by cutting them below the water line.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /alert/alrtsapi.html (832 words)

	Saint Marks National Wildlife Refuge
		Description: Chinese tallow is a medum-sized tree with distincive heart-shaped leaves that turn bright red in the Autumn (November-December in these parts), hence it's attractiveness as an ornamental landscape plant.
		Where is it from?: As might be expected from the name, Chinese tallow is a native of China (Eastern China, to be specific), where it has been in cultivation for over a thousand years as a seed-oil crop.
		In November 1998, the "main patch" of Chinese tallow was cut and pushed over with a small bulldozer, then burned in March of 1999 to destroy all potential seed producing individuals and allow for follow-up herbicide treatment of individual tree stems.
	www.fws.gov /saintmarks/plants.html (1250 words)

	Sapium sebiferum, CHINESE TALLOW TREE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The flowers are in 4-inch catkins that cover the tree in midsummer in a handsome but restrained display.
		The seed capsules have a thin, green skin that can be scraped off with a fingernail to reveal a pale green nut with six fine ridges on its surface and three white, 1/4-inch seeds inside.
		Tallow trees are widely grown in the tropics, where their seed yields vegetable tallow used for candles, soap, and oil.
	trees.stanford.edu /ENCYC/SAPseb.htm (204 words)

	botany/sapium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		sebiferum, commonly known as the Chinese Tallow Tree, Popcorn Tree and Vegetable Tallow, is a quick growing tree that is naturalized and widely grown for ornament and shade in tropical climates.
		In the spring, this tree bears small, yellow catkins, which are followed by hard, ½-inch, 3-lobed capsules.
		Young trees can be pruned in the winter; old trees hardly ever need pruning.
	www.botany.com /sapium.html (192 words)

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