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Topic: Chinese verbs

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	Chinese Language - MSN Encarta
		Chinese or the Sinitic language(s) (汉语/漢語, pinyin: Hànyǔ; 华语/華語, Huáyǔ; or 中文, Zhōngwén) can be considered a language or language family.
		As the dominant language of East Asia, Chinese has greatly influenced the writing systems and vocabularies of neighboring languages not related to it by origin, such as the Japanese language, the Korean language, and the Vietnamese language.
		Besides a core vocabulary and sounds, Chinese and many related languages share features that distinguish them from most Western languages: They have even less inflection than the English language and are tonal.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565543/Chinese_Language.html (781 words)

	Chinese grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because of the lack of inflections, Chinese grammar may appear quite simple compared to that of the Romance languages to a speaker who is used to inflected languages.
		Chinese is considered to be a topic-prominent language, where the topic of the sentence (defined as "old" information whereupon the sentence is based) takes precedence in the sentence.
		Essentially, the active verb of a sentence is suffixed with a second verb which indicates either the result of the first action, or the direction in which it took the subject.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_grammar (1776 words)

	Logos Universal Conjugator
		Chinese verbs may be used as nouns without changing their morphological form, particularly when disyllabic.
		A Chinese verb has been defined as a syntactic word which can be modified by the adverb 不 (except for the verb you, to have, which takes 没) and can be followed by the aspect suffix 了.
		Verbs may be discussed in terms of their behaviour with aspect markers, adverbs, reduplication, compounds.
	www.verba.org /verbi/cinese.html (1035 words)

	Chinese Language - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Chinese is also spoken by large emigrant communities, such as those in Southeast Asia, North and South America, and the Hawaiian Islands.
		It forms the basis both of the modern written vernacular, Baihua, which supplanted classical Chinese in the schools after 1917, and of the official spoken language, Putonghua, prescribed in 1956 for nationwide use in schools.
		The Chinese written language is of an old and conservative type that assigns a single distinctive symbol, or character, to each syllable.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761565543__1/Chinese_Language.html (1968 words)

	Logos Universal Conjugator
		Chinese verbs may be used as nouns without changing their morphological form, particularly when disyllabic.
		A Chinese verb has been defined as a syntactic word which can be modified by the adverb 不 (except for the verb you, to have, which takes 没) and can be followed by the aspect suffix 了.
		Verbs may be discussed in terms of their behaviour with aspect markers, adverbs, reduplication, compounds.
	www.logosconjugator.org /verbi_utf8/cinese.html (1035 words)

	Ernest Fenollosa, Ezra Pound, Chinese
		The complete Chinese poem of twenty syllables will be reproduced later, when it will be found that eleven of the twenty are defined as nouns, three as adjectives, two as copulative variants, one as intransitive verb, two as of doubtful classification, and only one, 'admire', as a transitive verb with fairly low dynamics.
		Then the notion that Chinese poetry is overloaded with strong transitive verbs, and that its translation requires use of strong transitive verbs, is, to put it mildly, shot to hell.
		The Chinese unit of writing is a "graph" or "character." In printed texts all characters occupy equal space and appear equally independent, though they vary greatly in complexity from a single stroke to a conglomeration of thirty or more.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/ezra_pound_chinese.html (4994 words)

	Chinese script and language
		The earliest recognisable examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells - "oracle bones".
		Chinese is written with characters which are known as 漢字 [汉字] (hànzi).
		Chinese characters, with some modifications, are also used in written Japanese and Korean, and were once used to write Vietnamese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chinese.htm (1125 words)

	JAPANESE AND THE MOTOR THEORY OF LANGUAGE
		Every Chinese character used in Japanese usually has two ways of being read: it may be read as the kun, that is an indigenous Japanese word, or it may be read as the on, which is the original loan word from Chinese.
		Verbs: have no person, number, gender or case and are conjugated with the use of endings - e.g., kaku 'write, writes, will write', kakanai 'do (does, will) not write', kake 'write' [imperative], kako 'let's write', kaite 'having written, writing', kaita 'wrote, has (have) written', kakeba 'if X writes'.
		Verbs and verbal adjectives have conjugated honorific forms (respect, familiarity, relation etc.) For example, kakimasu kakimasen kakimash'ta are used instead of: kaku kakanai kaita when the utterance is addressed to those who are superior or not intimate to the addressee.
	www.percepp.demon.co.uk /japanese.htm (10485 words)

	Verbs 4
		If these verbs appear without an object in the sentence, an object must be understood from the context.
		The first selection is the verb by itself or with a default object, the second and third are the verb and an NP object, and the fourth and fifth selections are the verb and a sentence object.
		The first selection is the verb by itself or with a default object, the second and third are the verb and an NP object, the fourth and fifth selections are the verb and a VP object, and the last two selections are the verb and a sentence object.
	www.chinese-lessons.com /cantonese/vocabVerbs4.htm (484 words)

	esl
		The Chinese speaker would say: "He drink not." If a Chinese speaker makes an English mistake by saying, "he be has," probably that person did not recognize "has been" as the way to write the expression.
		Verbs may be at the front of the sentence.
		Also, a form of the verb, to be, may be used incorrectly because the writer is not aware of the difference.
	www.csun.edu /~vcecn006/esl.html (3577 words)

	Differences of vocabulary learning \| Antimoon Forum
		Chinese (sinitic) doesn't have heavy borrowings from Latin (rather, inheriting from its own predecessors), and the way of expanding the vocabulary is rather different.
		Chinese texts could also be "excessively long" in some ways, but just like the verb positions (English vs. German, German vs. French, or even English vs. Chinese) in many languages, the complex parts of a foreign language are often different from those of your native language (for me, English vs. Chinese).
		Chinese is among one of the BIGGEST Languages in the Worlds in terms of vocabularies...
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t9840.htm (2401 words)

	Overview of the Chinese Language to Help You Learn Chinese
		Chinese actually consists of a large number of dialects which share a written language but are mutually unintelligible when spoken.
		Mandarin Chinese is the official language of the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan, and it is the most widely-spoken form of Chinese.
		In addition, Chinese uses a number of terms to indicate their respect for the person to whom they are speaking including guì (honored or honorable).
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/chinese/overview.htm (1127 words)

	[No title]
		The most important and most commonly used French verbs are presented alphabetically in chart form, one verb per page, and conjugated in all persons and tenses, both active and passive.
		Verbs are both regular and irregular, and are presented alphabetically for easy reference.
		Added material related to verbs and verb usage is also presented, including lists of hundreds more regular verbs, idiomatic verb usage, and more.
	www.bookstore.utah.edu /UTAH/MerchList.aspx?ID=5695 (712 words)

	Transparent Language - Chinese Language Learning
		Chinese actually consists of a large number of dialects, all of which share a written language but are mutually unintelligible when spoken.
		In addition, Chinese uses a number of terms to indicate their respect for the person to whom they are speaking including guì (honored or honorable).
		Chinese is a tonal language, which means that a given word can change meaning depending on its tone.
	www.learn-chinese-language-software.com /overview.htm (1121 words)

	Encyclopedia: Singlish
		The copula, which is the verb "to be" in most varieties of English, is treated somewhat differently in Singlish: The word copula originates from the Latin noun for a link or tie that connects two different things.
		The use of an adverb as the copula is strongly reminiscent of Chinese usage: An adverb is a part of speech that usually serves to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, clauses, and sentences.
		Marking of the past tense occurs most consistently in strong verbs (or irregular verbs), as well as verbs ending on -t and -d, such as: A strong inflection is an irregular inflection, in which the stem of a word changes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Singlish (7505 words)

	The Rule of Bu
		Becuaase Chinese does not have one simple way to say ‘no’, a bit of effort is needed to master the negative, particularly with verbs.
		Chinese verbs are uninflected, meaning that they do not change form to reflect tense, modality, or aspect.
		Unlike English, French, or Arabic, Chinese verbs are invariant, but the negating words do change depending on the when and how of the verb.
	www.languagerealm.com /chinese/negating_verbs.php (477 words)

	Chan and Tai (1995). [1 of 3]
		To restrict the scope of the investigation, excluded are the hua-suffixation in Chinese, the suru construction in Japanese, and the hata construction in Korean.
		The verbs have corresponding nouns that are homophonous (or nearly homophonous).
		In an example such as 'piece the quilt together', the verb is classified as a source verb on the basis of the rather awkward paraphrase 'do something to cause it to come about that [the quilt is together out of pieces], i.e., put the quilt together from pieces'.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /chan9/articles/naccl6.htm (1729 words)

	Chinese Characters
		The earliest recognisable examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells found near modern Anyang in the north of Henan province.
		There are no spaces between characters and the characters which make up multi-syllable words are not grouped together, so when reading Chinese, you not only have to work out what the characters mean and how to pronounce them, but also which characters belong together.
		Chinese characters, with some modifications, are also used in written Japanese and
	www.chinesesoftwareguide.com /chinese/characters/char01.htm (691 words)

	Chinaology - Chinese grammar
		Chinese grammar can be simple yet can turn into a confusing jumble of words.
		Verbs in Chinese are very different from those in English.
		In Chinese, the same verb can be used to express past, present and future tenses.
	www.chinaology.com /language/grammar (133 words)

	Chinese SC - free worksheets for Chinese SC verbs and vocabulary, English-Chinese SC + Chinese SC-English
		Thanks to the translation (and checking) help currently being provided by people across the world (all giving their time and expertise entirely free of charge) we are in the process of building a huge area of free translation worksheets for children and students to use, across an increasing range of languages.
		Chinese SC is one of the languages that is currently being worked on - see the Translators' page - so we're opening up the Chinese SC area now, as a first step towards making the English-Chinese SC-English worksheets available in due course.
		Each Chinese SC worksheet is designed to print onto a single A4 sheet [using IE4/IE5 browser setting for "medium text"], and may be used as a non-commercial education resource, free of charge, provided only that each worksheet is printed / photocopied without modification and includes the whole page as it appears on line.
	www.happychild.org.uk /freeway/chinesesc/index.htm (498 words)

	Encyclopedia: Singapore Colloquial English (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Another feature strongly reminiscent of Chinese, verbs are often repeated (e.g., TV personality Phua Chu Kang's "don't pray-pray!" pray = play.) In general verbs are repeated to imply vividness, repetition, and a sense of "wandering around":
		In Malay it is used to change a verb into a command or to soften its tone, particularly when usage of the verb may seem impolite.
		The order of the verb and the subject in an indirect question is the same as a direct question.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Singapore-Colloquial-English (3282 words)

	The Chinese Written Character as a Medium For Poetry
		Some of Fenollosa's notions of how the Chinese language works have been subsequently discredited by linguists, but his ideas remain crucial for understanding the Beats and the "Naropa school" of poetry, and these writers' use of the concrete image.
		Well, way back when, Ezra Pound proposed Chinese heiroglyphic language as more fit for poetry, considering that it was primarily visual than generalized language-abstraction English, with visionless words like Truth, Beauty, Craft, etc. Pound then translated some Chinese poetry and translated from Professor Fenollosa's papers this philosophic essay pointing to Chinese language as pictorial.
		Yet the Chinese language with its peculiar materials has passed over from the seen to the unseen by exactly the same process which all ancient races employed.
	www.levity.com /digaland/celestial/fenollosa/fenollosa.html (1396 words)

	Neural representations of nouns and verbs in Chinese: an fMRI study Ping Li, (ResearchIndex)
		Neural representations of nouns and verbs in Chinese: an fMRI study Ping Li, (ResearchIndex)
		Neural representations of nouns and verbs in Chinese: an fMRI study Ping Li (2004)
		Keywords: Noun; Verb; Chinese; fMRI Introduction A central issue in the cognitive neuroscience of language is how the brain represents linguistic categories such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /642339.html (234 words)

	Electronic Resources
		A treatise for declining of verbes : which may be called the second chiefest worke of the french [sic] tongue
		Verb growth and grammatical development in Cantonese speaking children with specific language impairment
		Verb movement and expletive subjects in the Germanic languages
	sunzi1.lib.hku.hk /ER/search.jsp?the_key=Verb&the_field=sb&the_lang=a (837 words)

	CHINESE IN CRISIS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Nobel literature laureate of 2000, GAO Xingjian, points to the common error in contemporary Chinese in the unnecessary use of the tense structure.* This error is basically a result of
		Chinese should have no explicit tense structure as in English or other European and East Asian languages.
		Chinese should be written vertically, from right to left.
	www.ualberta.ca /~chor/CRICHINE.HTM (239 words)

	Learning Chinese is Easier Than You Think :: Chinese Language Institute - Boston
		You may have heard that Chinese is difficult to learn, but our school's Q&A Rapid Response Method with have you speaking Chinese on the first day of class.
		Each Chinese character consists of components called "radicals" and "phonetics" that provide hints as to their meaning and sound.
		Chinese verbs have no conjugations or tense endings.
	www.bostonchineseinstitute.com /easy.shtml (207 words)

	Chinese Classes Los Angeles - Chinese Class Orange County
		Grammar and usage - Resultative verbs of direction, resultative verbs of perception, reduplication of measure words, current actions, interest, ratios, "to be wrong", "to give", methods of mailing, "to be able to", etc.
		Mandarin Chinese, spoken by approximately 885,000,000 people as their first language in the world (primarily in China), is a subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages (e.g.
		Chinese has a number of variants, such as XIAMEN (AMOY), LEIZHOU (LEI HUA, LI HUA), CHAO-SHAN, etc. Some linguists regard them as different languages while others believe that these are just dialects of Chinese.
	www.languagedoor.com /languages/chinese_without_char.html (563 words)

	Chinese language skills for Britain: Reading Week 1 - Sentence patterns
		Modal verbs are used to express obligation, feeling, intention, permission and capacity, and can be placed before main verbs of sentences.
		The linking verb 是is used to connect two nouns or pronouns.
		Many co-verbs are verbs in Chinese, but some of them, such as 为 and 被, can only be used as co-verbs in modern Chinese.
	www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk /FDTL/lesson1/sent.htm (319 words)

	Ludiréo
		Auxiliary verbs are similar to transitive verbs except that they take another verb (which may have a subject and an object along with it) as the object.
		Intransitive verbs double as adjectives, and transitive verbs double as prepositions.
		Verbs can modify nouns or other verbs, but nouns can only modify nouns directly.
	www.io.com /~hmiller/lang/Ludireo.html (873 words)

	Grammar - Verbs - ChinesePod
		Verbs are words that express action, existence, or change.
		Can be modified by adverbs (but only mental verbs can be modified by adverbs of degree, such as 很).
		Can usually be followed by the aspectual particles 了, 着, or 过, indicating that a verb is completed, in progress, or a past experience, respectively.
	chinesepod.com /resources/grammar/parts-of-speech/verbs (168 words)

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