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Topic: Chinese written language

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Standard written Chinese

Han Chinese language

Chinese language

Classical Chinese

Chinese character

Traditional Chinese

Vernacular Chinese

Old Chinese

Cantonese (linguistics)

Xiang (linguistics)

Simplified Chinese character

Written Cantonese

Spoken Chinese

Cantonese language

Wu (linguistics)

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	Chinese written language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese characters that are closer to the spoken language were used to write informal works such as colloquial novels.
		Nevertheless, the orthographies of Chinese dialects are not identical.
		Written colloquial Cantonese does exist however, and Cantonese is unique among non-Mandarin regional languages in having a widely used written colloquial standard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_written_language (1901 words)

	Chinese language - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term "Chinese" is employed for the classical written language known as "wen2 yan2 (文言 "literary language")" which was used by Confucius, as well as the modern standard[?] known as "bai2 hua4 (白話 [白话] "vernacular")".
		Chinese is written using a logographic script in which one character represents one word element, or morpheme.
		Old Chinese, sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', is the language of the early and mid Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.), whose texts include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the 詩經 Shijing, the history of the 書經 Shujing, and portions of the 易經 Yijing (I Ching).
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ch/Chinese_language.html (1768 words)

	Spoken Chinese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese makes a very strong distinction between written language (文 wén) and spoken language (语/語 yǔ), and Chinese tend to conceptualize the variations of Chinese as different spoken languages which use a common written standard and share a literary and cultural tradition.
		In addition, the Dungan language (東干語/东干语) is a language descended from Chinese spoken in Kyrgyzstan, and is akin to northwestern dialects of Mandarin.
		However, it is written in the Cyrillic alphabet and may not be considered by all to be Chinese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_spoken_language (1932 words)

	Chinese Language - MSN Encarta
		It is the official language of China and one of the official languages of Singapore.
		Chinese is also spoken by large emigrant communities, such as those in Southeast Asia, North and South America, and the Hawaiian Islands.
		As the dominant language of East Asia, Chinese has greatly influenced the writing systems and vocabularies of neighboring languages not related to it by origin, such as the Japanese language, the Korean language, and the Vietnamese language.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565543/Chinese_Language.html (733 words)

	Chinese written language
		Chinese written language employs the Han characters, or Hanzi (漢字 pinyin Hànzì, Han4 zi4, which are named after the Han culture to whom it is largely attributed.) In Japan and Korea, Han characters were adopted and integrated into their languages and became Kanji and Hanja, respectively.
		Chinese characters appear to have originated in the Shang dynasty as pictograms depicting concrete objects.
		Until the 20th century, most formal written Chinese was done in classical Chinese, which was very different from the any of the spoken varieties of Chinese in much the same way that Classical Latin was different from modern Romance languages.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ha/Hanzi.html (781 words)

	Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Chinese language (汉语/漢語华语/華語 or 中文; pinyin : hànyǔ huáyǔ; or zhōngwén) is a of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages.
		Although most Chinese view the many of spoken Chinese as a single language the variations in spoken language are to those of Romance languages ; the written language has also changed time though far more slowly than the language and hence has been able to much of the variation in spoken language.
		Old Chinese sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese' was language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.) texts which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts the of the Shijing the history of the Shujing and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
	www.freeglossary.com /Chinese_language (3493 words)

	Chinese script and language
		The earliest recognisable examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells - "oracle bones".
		Chinese is written with characters known as 漢字 [汉字] (hànzi).
		Chinese characters, with some modifications, are also used in written Japanese and Korean, and were once used to write Vietnamese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chinese.htm (960 words)

	History of the Chinese Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although they employ a common written form, they are mutually unintelligible and for this reason are sometimes referred to as languages; the differences among them are analogous to the differences in pronunciation and vocabulary among the Romance languages.
		The Chinese written language is of an old and conservative type that assigns a single distinctive symbol, or character, to each word of the vocabulary.
		Like other scripts of ancient origin, Chinese is derived from picture writing; it grew into a word-by-word representation of language when it was discovered that words too abstract to be readily pictured could be indicated by their sound rather than their sense.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Culture/language-history.html (1719 words)

	Written Chinese - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		The written language can, of course, be spoken as usual as you do when reading aloud an English passage; however the language used in everyday lives are different from the written forms.
		Their spoken language features many alterations of the words, not to mention the different pronunciations of most of the Chinese words from the Mandarin.
		Mandarin is a language based on the original northern dialects recently half-invented in order to unify the spoken language used throughout China.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Written_Chinese (542 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The Chinese population is approximately 92% ethnic, or Han, Chinese.
		The official spoken language of the Chinese is Putongua (“standard speech”); it is sometimes known to Westerners as Mandarin and is the dialect of North China.
		This dialect was declared the common language at the National Conference on Reform of the Chinese Written Language in 1955.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/china.html (6553 words)

	American Sign Language University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The English language is one that is based on phonetics derived from an ordered set of alphabet that can be put together to “spell” and to enunciate into words, which are the meaningful quantities of communication.
		The written language has been unified, simplified and altered over the centuries, but the spoken language depends completely on the enunciation that varies from region to region of the specific pictures.
		Even though both sign languages have established the formal connection to written language by defining a set of symbols for the fundamental units, the alphabet in English and the alphabetized pronunciation of Chinese word sounds, most of the sign language needed for daily communication are by pictures and by actions, coupled by facial expressions.
	www.lifeprint.com /asl101/topics/chinesesignlanguage.htm (820 words)

	H2O - The Mystery, Art, and Science of Water: Water in Classical Chinese Religion: Chinese Language
		Chinese characters, as westerners refer to them, are not phonetic representations of spoken words, but combinations of basic elements that describe what is intended.
		Chinese written language is able to describe a wealth of ideas and create new words by combining and recombining character elements or radicals.
		According to the Murahashi Dictionary that are 1, 103 distinct Chinese compounds (two-character words) in which the one of the characters is water.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /water/religionchinalanguage.html (376 words)

	EthnoMed: Chinese Language Profile
		The Chinese language is the oldest written language in the world with at least six thousand years of history.
		The official language of China, Mandarin is the dialect taught in Chinese schools.
		It is the universal language used throughout the northern, central, and southwestern provinces of China.
	ethnomed.org /ethnomed/cultures/chinese/chin_lang.html (2151 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: The Chinese Language and Alphabet
		The 'Sinitic' part of the name refers to the various Chinese languages (often referred to as 'dialects'); the 'Tibetan' part refers to several languages found mainly in Tibet, Burma, and nearby territories.
		It is possible to identify 'clusters' of languages which have certain features in common, such as the 50 or so Lolo languages, spoken by around 3 million people in parts of Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and China.
		Han Chinese is thus to be distinguished from the non-Han minority languages used in China.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall/texts/chinlng2.html (1520 words)

	Chinese Script
		Another type of early Chinese script in its long history of development is represented by the inscriptions cast or carved on ancient bronze objects of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
		The characters are written in a style called dazhuan (big seal character) and have been taken as the "earliest model of zhuan-style writing", important to the development and studies of Chinese calligraphy.
		The Forest of Stelae at Xi'an is not only a treasure house of Chinese literature and history but represents, a galaxy of the best calligraphers of different ages and schools, including all the different scripts-zhuan seal character, li (official script), coo (cursive) and kai (regular) -each with its representative works.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinascript.html (3095 words)

	Summary of Chinese Language and Its Origin (Cantonese, Mandarin)
		It is the most commonly used language in China, and one of the most commonly used languages in the world.
		Written Chinese emerged in its embryonic form of carved symbols approximately 6,000 years ago.
		A large proportion of Chinese characters are composed of an ideogramatic element combined with a phonetic element.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/china/pro-languages.htm (364 words)

	LDRC - Articles - Origins of Written Language.
		The use of pictograms can still be found today, used by many native cultures, but also found in mainstream cultures as road signs, on public bathroom doors, and used to represent a place to eat, to sleep, to fill your gas tank, or make a phone call.
		The Phoenicians system was considered inefficient by the Greeks; their language was more complex and not easily interpretable with the Phoenician system.
		Languages such as Hebrew and Arabic are written without vowels; vowel sounds are predicted by the context of words and other letters.
	www.ldrc.ca /contents/view_article/152 (1432 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: The Chinese Language and Pronunciation
		There are two elements to the Chinese language: the written language, based on individual symbols called characters, each of which represents an idea or thing; and the spoken language, which includes a number of different dialects.
		The written language originally had no alphabet, but it was easily understood by literate people no matter what dialect they spoke.
		Written Chinese characters have no "pronunciation" and can be spoken in a variety of ways depending on the dialect used.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall/texts/chinlng1.html (645 words)

	Chinese Written Language and its Influence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chinese script is often thought of as inefficient due the sheer number of them.
		Language reforms started at the beginning of the modern period, with the collapse of the Qing government, has introduced new characters.
		It was thought that the language of chinese would oneday be entirely written by a roman alphabet known as the PinYin system.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/chinese.htm (484 words)

	[No title]
		The Chinese written language consists of characters that represent complete words and concepts, rather than single letters that represent sounds the way the English language does.
		So when Chinese translators need to write a non-Chinese name in their language, they try to choose Chinese characters which, when pronounced, sound something like the name they wish to translate.
		In addition, there are two methods of writing many Chinese characters: the traditional method, used in Taiwan; and the simplified method, used in mainland China and employing fewer strokes (lines) for certain words.
	www.pitt.edu /~kloman/chinesename.html (587 words)

	Guide for New Students / Chinese Language
		In using the generic term "Chinese," we are referring to the language common to the northern part of the country and which has been adopted as a national standard by the government[s] of China (even though Cantonese, Fukienese, etc., have equal claim to be called "Chinese").
		This means that the Chinese written language has proven extremely useful as a unifying device over time, as the spoken language has evolved, and over space, in a country where many different (and often mutually unintelligible) languages are spoken.
		Every Chinese is granted the courtesy of writing his or her name with whatever Latin letters he or she chooses.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/spendelh/china/newguide.html (1862 words)

	Georgetown University Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures -
		The Chinese major combines thorough training in spoken and written Chinese language with the development of critical approaches to a broad range of Chinese cultural phenomena including classical and modern literature, visual arts, film, popular culture, and underlying aspects of philosophical and social thought.
		Chinese majors are required to spend at least one semester studying in a Chinese-speaking country.
		The Chinese minor requires seven courses, at least six of which must be Chinese language courses or advanced courses conducted in Chinese.
	www.georgetown.edu /departments/asian/p_requir-c.htm (618 words)

	[No title]
		Hong Kong's written Chinese language is normally treated as Traditional Chinese, but there are many characters used in Hong Kong and Mainland China but not frequently used in Taiwan.
		Many issues that are specific to East Asian languages are for written languages because of the number of different characters they use, and one of the East Asian written languages is the focus of this paper.
		One of the biggest differences between Hong Kong’s written Chinese language and Taiwan’s written Chinese language is that there are many Chinese characters used in Hong Kong that are not used or not frequently used in Taiwan.
	www.unicode.org /iuc/iuc18/papers/b19.doc (3361 words)

	Chinese Language -- Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chinese characters appear to have originated some time during the Shang dynasty.
		The large number of Chinese characters is due to their logographic nature — for every morpheme there must be a symbol, and sometimes there are variant characters have developed for the same morpheme.
		Cantonese, the language spoken in Hong Kong, has many specific characters that are in widespread use locally, but will not be found used in Taiwan.
	polaris.gseis.ucla.edu /skozerow/characters.htm (1130 words)

	Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Chinese language (中文) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages.
		Typically in southern China, a person will be able to speak the official Mandarin Chinese, the local dialect, and occasionally either speak or understand another dialect, such as Cantonese Chinese.
		Chinese Learning Center in Los Angeles: Non-Profit organization providing private Chinese language lessons in Los Angeles.
	usapedia.com /c/chinese-language.html (1289 words)

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