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	Chip RAM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chip RAM is the name given to RAM in the Amiga computer that could be accessed by the custom chipset as well as the CPU.
		The A500+ and the A600 were upgradable to 2Mb of Chip RAM.
		The amount of addressable Chip RAM is dependant on the Agnus chip revision.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chip_RAM (498 words)

	Sizing memory in Protected Mode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In our computer, chip size in each RAM bank is programmable; therefore we need to determine the size of the chip in the socket and subsequently re-program the memory controller before we can have full access to all the memory in the computer.
		RAM detection is achieved by writing to the RAM bank, completely reloading the prefetch queue, and checking the value we wrote.
		RAM Bank selection is done by writing to the CPU address lines that are interpreted by the memory controller as controls for bank selection.
	www.x86.org /articles/memsize/memsizing.htm (1520 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is the difference between static RAM and dynamic RAM in my computer?"
		If you understand how dynamic RAM and static RAM chips work inside, it is easy to see why the cost difference is there, and you can also understand the names.
		Inside a dynamic RAM chip, each memory cell holds one bit of information and is made up of two parts: a transistor and a capacitor.
		Dynamic RAM has to be dynamically refreshed all of the time or it forgets what it is holding.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question452.htm (465 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This implies a large on-chip RAM requirement if all the program code corresponding to the Handshake and Data phase of the Modulation function were loaded in on-chip RAM.
		A Bootloader 13 which is resident in on-chip ROM, on start-up or reset, loads an Event Arbiter Segment, Down Loader Segment, and Common Modules Segment from slow external memory 14 into the on-chip RAM 12.
		The total on-chip RAM 12 requirements includes that which is required by the Event Arbiter 8, Down Loader 9, Common Modules 10 and the Current Phase Segment 11.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/25206.000504&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1712 words)

	[No title]
		When facing the PC chassis from the front, the row of chips closest to the front is designated row 3, with the next row being row 2, then row 1, and row 0 next to the expansion slots.
		In each row or bank, the chip on the extreme left, slightly separated from the data bits, is the parity bit chip.
		The third and fourth digits represent which bit position (or RAM chip) in the 64K row is causing the error condition.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/msdos/un_indexed/memory.txt (1470 words)

	[No title]
		The Video Interface Chip, or VIC as it is normally called, is the second most important silicon chip in the VIC 20 microcomputer.
		However, when extra RAM is added to the system to the system at $2000 it becomes necessary to change the allocation of the video RAM to the area $1000-$11FF.
		THE COLOUR RAM In an unexpanded VIC 20 the 512 locations in memory from $9600-$97ff are used as the colour RAM, whereas if an K expansion RAM* is fitted, the block $9400-$95ff is used instead.
	www.geocities.com /rmelick/6561.txt (2464 words)

	BYTE.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The chips also gain speed because the caches are able to fetch data from the slow DRAM in large blocks using the internal buses.
		The basic 3D RAM is a 10-Mb chip with four 2.5-Mb arrays that feed one central ALU, which performs the raster operations on the incoming pixels.
		RAM is often the slowest part of today's computer systems, so designers will continue to concentrate on developing faster storage.
	www.byte.com /art/9506/sec10/art2.htm (3565 words)

	EDN Access — 09.15.94 EDN's 21st Annual Microprocessor Directory - 8-bit chips
		On-chip RAM also holds addressable memory, the stack, and special-function registers that define peripheral operations and configurations.
		On-chip peripherals transfer data to or from memory or registers via DMA channels, thus offloading the CPU.
		Instead of being memory-mapped, the on-chip peripherals are register-file-mapped: Each peripheral is assigned a frame of 16 registers in a peripheral file—an equivalent to the register file in the address space.
	www.edn.com /archives/1994/091594/19df08bt.htm (8495 words)

	RAM Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Part #10100, 1 x 36-60 (12),(read as: "one by thirty-six, sixty"), this module is one megabit (1), by (x), thirty-six bits (36), seventy two pin, parity SIMM with an access time of sixty nanoseconds (-60), and twelve chips on the circuit board (12)*.
		This is a standard four megabyte, Mb, (RAM qty column), parity SIMM.
		The numbers identify the type and size of that particular chip.
	www.serve.com /macsite/ChipMerRamGuide.html (256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the memory unit needed for an application is larger than the capacity of one chip, it is necessary to combine a number of chips in an array to form the required size of memory.
		The eight outputs of the selected chip will contain 1’s and 0’s, and the other three will be in a high-impedance state presenting only open circuits to the binary output signals of the selected chip.
		The next 65,536 words are selected from the second RAM chip with an 18-bit address that starts with 01 followed 16 from the common address lines.
	www.baskent.edu.tr /~kiankov/Dynamic_RAM_3 (2561 words)

	Notes to Accompany Chapter 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A RAM chip size is denoted by the number of words and its wordsize.
		The output of a RAM bit slice is the contents of a single RAM cell which is selected.
		Attach the CS for the large chip to the EN input of the decoder.
	www.cs.sjsu.edu /~fecteau/CS147/Ch009.html (2646 words)

	Personal Paint 7 Breaks Chip RAM Barrier
		Normally, two crucial parts of the Amiga system require bitmap data to be stored in Chip RAM: the original (Agnus) blitter chip, and the Graphics library.
		The complete detachment from Chip RAM became possible when the developers of the famous CyberGraphX system completed the replacement of 100% of the original Amiga graphics.library with corresponding functions that can work on Fast RAM.
		CyberGraphX "clones", like earlier versions of the original CyberGraphX (and the original Amiga libraries), still require bitmaps to be in Chip RAM in order to be processed by certain functions of the Graphics library.
	www.amigaforever.com /news-events/19970212chipfastram.html (351 words)

	[No title]
		Authored by: Kenton Groombridge Edited by: John D. Baker (without permission) A2000 2MB CHIP RAM HACK VERSION 1.3 Permission is granted to freely distributed this document as long as it remains as is. If errors are found, something does not make sense, or something should be explained further, please inform the author immediately.
		Of course you will not have any fast RAM, but your chip RAM display on the Work- bench title bar should be close to 2MB.
		Troubleshooting: If your system only shows approximately 500K chip RAM, then the possible causes are that the memory you inserted is 256K x 4 DRAM, or that the new address line (A9) is not wired properly.
	www.mylinuxisp.com /~jdbaker/oldsite/documents/2MBAgnushack_v1.4.txt (2739 words)

	[No title]
		The reason is that there's a backup supplg from the battery pack to the RAM chip, which is what maintains the memory.
		The RAM on the other hand gets a backup supply from the battery pack, and this rises when the macbine is off, with no battery, but with a charger connected.
		That said, I have also encountered fried RAM chips occasionally, but in those cases, the calculator generally remained functional (or it was possible to bring it back to life by removing the RAM), it's just that its registers or program memory wasn't working properly.
	www.hpmuseum.org /cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/archv006.cgi?read=9673 (746 words)

	Hitachi Releases Single-Chip LCD Controller With On-Chip Bitmap RAM for Use in Portable Information Equipment
		This device is designed for multifunction portable telephones and other portable information equipment, supports the large screen size of 160 x 100 dots, and achieves four-level gray scale display or four-color display on reflective color LCD panels for the first time in the industry.
		At the same time as supporting a 160 x 100dot large screen display in a single chip for the first time in the industry, the HD66421 also achieves monochrome display, four-level gray scale display or four-color display with reflective color LCD panels.
		This allows application circuits to be implemented compactly, and the inclusion of the on-chip power-supply circuit can reduce the power consumption of the LCD system as a whole.
	www.hitachi.com /New/cnews/E/1998/980907B.html (972 words)

	RAM and ROM
		A RAM chip is to a flip-flop as an array is to a regular variable.
		The 2147H is an Intel 4096 bit RAM chip.
		This is done on the "Fetch From Ram" signal from the first two flip flops.
	www.wiu.edu /users/mflll/310/done/ch02s02.html (537 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new board is then inserted into the motherboard socket left vacant by the Agnus chip, and a wire lead is attached to a pin on the 68000 (I used the 68000 attachment, even while running an 030) or the Gary chip.
		This was a little harder as I was worried about static and overheating the chips, and so it required a bit of precision and a speedy hand on the soldering iron.
		It provides a cheap way to upgrade your Chip RAM while introducing the beginner to a project which provides a great deal of satisfaction and builds confidence (is this a good thing with static sensitive electronics ;-)).
	ftp.sunet.se /aminet/aminet/docs/rview/TwoMegAgnus.txt (1594 words)

	Computational RAM
		Computational RAM (C-RAM) is semiconductor random access memory with processors incorporated into the design to build an inexpensive massively-parallel computer.
		In a typical computer with 32MB of 16Mb DRAM chips and a 100MHz processor, there is 3000 times the bandwidth available inside the memory vs. at the CPU.
		These bit-serial, externally programmed processors add only a small amount of area to the chip and in a 32Mbyte memory have an aggregate performance of 13 billion 32 bit operations per second.
	www.eecg.toronto.edu /~dunc/cram (707 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I believe that the ROM is synthesized on the Altera chip, so i can make as many of them as i want.
		Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to execute arbitrary code on the Slave chip (loaded from the on-chip ROM) and on the Master CPU (loaded from FLASH RAM) and established communication between the two CPUs.
		Thus, a shared interface to the FLASH ram had to be postponed.
	www.nd.edu /~arodrig6/txt/csdfinal.txt (1066 words)

	Quickly identify RAM chips with these tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 72-pin chip also has a notch on the side, while the 144-pin chip has a notch among the contacts.
		SDRAM chips use interleaving and burst-mode technologies to synchronize with the clock speed the CPU is optimized for, thus accelerating memory retrieval.
		Remember to look for notches, the number of pins, the chip’s length, and the presence or absence of heat shields when trying to identify a particular chip.
	techrepublic.com.com /5100-1035_11-1058485.html (1002 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		8 Megs of Chip Ram Soon To Be Available for AGA Amigas Exclusive to Amiga Update by Colin Thompson 1 April 1997 For years, the Holy Grail of Amiga hardware designers has been to break the mythical 2 meg Chip Ram barrier.
		What she found were thousands of chips, tightly packed in plastic containers.
		The markings on the chips indicated they were made by Commodore in 1992 and were of a type "8374-8".
	www.globaldialog.com /~bandr/AU/brad/970401 (1742 words)

	8mb Chip RAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the A1200 and A4000 motherboards there is a jumper which allows you to swap between 2Mb and 8Mb of Chip ram.
		The story behind this is that in the process of designing the Amiga 4000 there was the possibility that the custom chipset could change to allow access to 8 megabytes of Chip RAM.
		Commodore decided that the time and money could be better spent elsewhere, so the new chipset remained able to deal with only 2 megabytes of chip RAM.
	www.amigau.com /aig/8mbchip.html (268 words)

	Hitachi Releases New MPEG Camera with Enhanced Presentations Features
		The release of the new SH7612, featuring on-chip 4-kbyte cache and large-capacity 16-kbyte RAM, plus a synchronous DRAM interface, will meet the needs of multimedia equipment such as Internet TVs that have to transfer and process large amounts of data, necessitating the use of large-scale programs.
		In addition, the provision of an on-chip synchronous DRAM interface and the use of DMAC enable high data transfer speeds of 100 Mbytes/second or more to be achieved, ensuring full exploitation of the CPU's 87 MIPS processing performance and supporting the transfer of large quantities of image, voice, and other data associated with multimedia applications.
		The provision of on-chip 4-kbyte cache and 16-kbyte RAM enables on-chip memory access by the CPU/DSP in one clock cycle, and allows operation at a maximum operating frequency of 66 MHz.
	www.hitachi.com /New/cnews/E/1997/971125B.html (1270 words)

	how to use 256 Bytes on-chip RAM of 89c51rd2bn
		To access the 128 bytes of on-chip data, define your variables with the DATA keyword.
		To access the 256 bytes of on-chip idata, define your variables with the IDATA keyword.
		To access the 768 bytes of on-chip xdata (xram), define your variables with the XDATA keyword.
	www.keil.com /discuss/docs/thread5921.htm (266 words)

	Ram and chip speeds - AMD Processor Support Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The problem is that i can only run the ram speed at 266mhz and i have to disable the level two cashe (which is on the chip i think) all done through bios.
		If either the ram speed is set to 333mhz or the level two cashe is enabled, or both together the system will crash.
		If you got the RAM and the mobo from the same place, I'd ask them to replace both.
	forums.amd.com /index.php?showtopic=2502 (392 words)

	The Chip Merchant - Glossary
		An array of memory chips on a small PC board with a single row of I/O contacts.
		SRAM chips function at high speeds and do not require a refresh cycle like standard DRAM.
		This plastic package, designed for memory chips has approximately half the height of a standard surface mounted plastic package (SOJ).
	www.serve.com /macsite/ChipMerRamGlossary.html (1503 words)

	Annoyances.org - PC still rebooting.. bad RAM? New Chip/motherboard. (Windows XP Discussion Forum)
		Once again I asked around and someone said that my processor(AthlonXP 2000+) might be going bad, so went into my BIOS and set the FSB to 100 and the PC booted fine, so I hooked up everything back like it was originally and as long as I kept the 100FSB set it didnt reboot.
		I have tested the RAM with Memtest86 and had it do one pass..
		The only other constants are the video card, RAM(two DIMMs of 512MB RAM), and the modem (maybe something else I am overlooking), and like I said all of the RAM tests I have done came back with no errors.
	www.annoyances.org /exec/forum/winxp/1076783481 (612 words)

	Can I upgrade my machine from just 2Mb Chip RAM? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Whilst it is possible to add extra fast ram to your machine adding Chip RAM is another matter.
		Whilst there are signs on the motherboard that it may be possible to have a total of 8Mb Chip RAM, this involves direct soldering and is VERY UNLIKELY to work.
		If you are using an Amiga emulator, such as UAE, however, you will not have this problem as the Chip RAM emulation can be set too 8Mb.
	www.amigau.com /aig/morechip.html (146 words)

	T - R A M
		CPU’s, DSP’s and Consumer products are constantly increasing their need for ever higher density on-chip RAM to both lower costs and boost performance.
		Random Access Memory (RAM) technology which has high-performance, low cost and ease of process integration into standard CMOS processes has been an unrealized goal of semiconductor companies and their customers for over 25 years.
		Our TCCT technology is capable of producing high-density, high-performance, discrete and embeddable RAM products that will lower our customers costs while bringing the ‘next-generation’ density SRAM more than one technology generation or more sooner than 6T-SRAM technology.
	www.t-ram.com (457 words)

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