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Topic: Chipko movement

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	[No title]
		To understand the reasons for the emergence of the Chipko movement, it is important to analyze the nature of the area from which it appeared: its geography, culture, history and the process of development that has occurred therein.
		In response to this threat the Chipko movement was born.
		Movement Antecedents The process of resource exploitation is not new to the Uttarkhand region, nor is resistance by the local population to it.
	spot.colorado.edu /~wehr/491R10.TXT (8131 words)

	Spotlight, being Eco friendly, Eco cosmetics, Nature & culture, nature and culture. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in Mandal in the upper Alakananda valley in Uttar Pradesh.
		The Chipko movement is not only an environmental movement, but is a women's movement as well, for it was solely women who saved the Himalayan forests from being exploited by commercial logging companies.
		The women of the Chipko movement were very strong-willed, very creative and extremely empowered to protect the forests even if it meant giving up their husbands and possibly their lives.
	www.womenexcel.com /ecowatch/chipcomove.htm (1440 words)

	Chipko Movement
		The movement has been instrumental in the social and ecological disintegration of the hill society and also the ideological clashes between subcultures of the movement and the redefinition of gender roles.
		The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in the village of Mandal in the upper Alakananda valley.
		On one hand, the Chipko women are seeking an escape from the commercial economy and the centralizing state; at yet another level they are assertive and aggressive, actively challenging the ruling-class vision of a homogenizing urban-industrial culture.
	www.american.edu /TED/chipko.htm (3194 words)

	Discussion Paper 64
		Environmental movements in India, therefore, are not necessarily for the 'green' or 'clean' earth or for saving mankinds' heritage and endangered species as in the west, but for the very survival of the local poor (Rao, 1994).
		Despite its popularity and success Chipko movement is still considered to be incomplete and modest as it limited itself to ecological aspects [in the later stages] of protecting trees to the neglect of local people’s requirements.
		Chipkos' strength lies in its' multiple objectives with a wide range such as, p rotecting the livelihoods of peasants, anti-liquor campaign, greening the hills in a sustainable fashion, etc.
	www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de /abt/intwep/fia/DISKUS64.htm (6851 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As we shall see, in the Chipko movement, the term “local” carries both sub-national and transnational meanings that are better captured, perhaps, by the term “regional.” The Chipko Movement The Chipko movement took place in the foothills of the Himalayas in the northeastern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
		The Chipko movement, viewed through the lens of “regions in protest” could be summarized as follows: The important role of women in the Chipko movement shows that a socially significant unit is households networked together through mutual support arrangements.
		Chipko as a region in protest may be understood as an indigenous peasant movement asserting rights to resources in the area to which the groups have been strongly tied over time.
	www.globalfusion.siu.edu /papers/Shah-GF04 (6716 words)

	NVSE -- The Chipko Movement
		Chipko workers, local people and students got involved in the movement in large numbers, demonstrating against the arrival of lumberers in the sensitive catchment area of the Rishi Ganga River near Reni village.
		Chipko's goal was to prevent commercial felling of forest crops while safeguarding the traditional rights to the forests in the river basin.
		This is a second phase of the Chipko movement, from protection to conservation and rejuvenation of the degraded forest.
	www.wri-irg.org /nonviolence/nvse12-en.htm (2611 words)

	" CHIPKO MOVEMENT : Of Floated Myths and Flouted Realities" -Mtn-Forum On-Line Library Document
		This article is written as a tribute to the numerous and largely unknown activists of the movement on the occasion of the completion of 25 years since the successful forest protection action in Reni under the leadership of Gaura Devi, the head of the local village women's organisation.
		Reni's importance in the saga of Chipko andolan (movement) is twofold.
		Her (Vandana Shiva's) name is synonymous with the Chipko Movement (Chipko means embrace) in India, an active anti-logging movement in the 70s and early 80s.
	www.mtnforum.org /resources/library/bandj99a.htm (2631 words)

	Chipko movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chipko movement was a group of villagers in the Uttarakhand region of India who opposed commercial logging.
		The first Chipko action took place spontaneously in April 1973 in the village of Mandal in the upper Alakananda valley and over the next five years spread to many districts of the Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh.
		Though this movement gained prominence in the 1970s, the Bishnoi community in Rajasthan (a province in north western India) are said to have been the progenitors of this movement during the around the year 1730.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chipko_movement (493 words)

	Unasylva - No. 146 - Women in forestry - Standing up for trees: Women's role in the Chipko Movement
		The Chipko Movement, which has now spread from one end of the Himalayas in Kashmir to the other in Arunachal Pradesh, is endeavouring to alter the Government's forest policy by insisting on maintenance of the traditional status quo in the Himalayan and other forest regions of India.
		However, whether the Chipko workers realized it or not - or intended it or not - the women who participated in the Chipko meetings, processions and other programmes have become aware of their potentialities and are now demanding a share in the decision-making process at the community level.
		One Chipko village leader summarized the present situation of the movement by saying that, at present, 90 percent of women and 10 percent of men are with him while 90 percent of men and 10 percent of women oppose him.
	www.fao.org /docrep/r0465E/r0465e03.htm (4982 words)

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		One leader does not fully define a movement, to be sure, but Shiva with her condemnation of "scientific reductionism" has become so preeminent in the global deep ecology/ecofeminist movement against modern science that raising serious questions about her does in many respects raise questions about the entire movement.
		Chipko is but one example where external activists, even those who may be well intentioned idealists, in effect hijack a movement and use it to promote an ideological agenda.
		Chipko is one of many cases of environmental groups in developed countries co-opting a cause like wildlife or habitat conservation, or a local movement with legitimate grievances, and then subverting them.
	www.mobot.org /plantscience/resbot/Phil/shiva.htm (4709 words)

	NVSE 2001
		The movement methodology was evolved through series of deliberation with the people hailing from various walks of life and political background.
		This is a second phase of the Chipko movement from protection to conservation and rejuvenation of the degraded forest cover.
		Thus, a movement which started from the sheer need of survival, become the mouth peace of the local people who could now think, plan and execute programmes as per their felt-need along with pooling their collective energy to save the terrain from any further calamity.
	www.swadhina.org /nvse/new/case3.htm (3116 words)

	The Chipko Movement - India - 1987 Right Livelihood Award Recipient
		The name of the movement came from a word meaning 'embrace': the villagers hugged the trees and thus saved them by putting their bodies in the way of the contracots' axes.
		The Chipko protests in Uttar Pradesh achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green felling in the Himalayan forests of that State by order of India's then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.
		The movement later spread to Himachal Pradesh in the north, Karnataka in the south, Rajasthan in the west, Bihar in the east and to the Vindhyans in central India.
	www.rightlivelihood.org /recip/chipko.htm (601 words)

	Chipko Movement, India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The name of the movement comes from a word meaning 'embrace': the villagers hug the trees, saving them by interposing their bodies between them and the contractors' axes.
		Since then the movement has spread to Himachal Pradesh in the North, Kamataka in the South, Rajasthan in the West, Bihar in the East and to the Vindhyas in Central India.
		The Chipko Movement is the result of hundreds of decentralised and locally autonomous initiatives.
	www.iisd.org /50comm/commdb/desc/d07.htm (570 words)

	FORE: Religion-Hinduism-EP-Chipko
		Adhering to the tradition of satyagraha, or nonviolent protest for the sake of truth and purity, the Chipko movement in the Indian Himalayas is a predominately female peasant movement dedicated to ecological protection, especially forest preservation.
		Chipko participants express a reverence for nature and a perception of trees as sacred that testifies to the religious dimension of the movement.
		Scholars such as Vandana Shiva argue that the gendered nature of Chipko as a women’s movement testifies to its religious base through the longstanding association of nature and “the feminine principle” in Indian religious traditions.
	environment.harvard.edu /religion/religion/hinduism/projects/chipko.html (236 words)

	The Chipko movement and women
		The Chipko Movement in the Uttarakhand region of the Himalayas is often treated as a women's movement to protect the forest ecology of the Uttarakhand from the axes of the contractors.
		The Chipko Movement began in 1971 as a movement by local people under the leadership of Dashauli Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) to assert then rights over the forest produce.
		Initially demonstrations were organized in different parts of Uttarakhand demanding abolition of the contractual system of exploiting the forest-wealth, priority to the local forest-based industries in the dispersal o forest-wealth and association of local voluntary organizations and local people in the management of the forests.
	www.pucl.org /from-archives/Gender/chipko.htm (790 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rangan argues that Chipko, like other social movements, was not about one issue but many and therefore it was a ‘region in protest’.
		Chipko had roots in the backwardness of the region.
		Chipko, the book rightly argues, is not just about environment but also to reorder the priorities of development.
	www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2003&leaf=08&filename=6105&filetype=html (1482 words)

	Satya April 04: Got Trees? By Amy Laughlin
		The word "Chipko" appropriately translates to "embrace" or "hug," as the Chipko’s main nonviolent action is to cling to trees in an attempt to ward off tree-cutters.
		The Chipko Movement originated in the Utttarakhand region in northern India in the early ‘70s when the government began restricting areas of forest and auctioning them off to lumber companies.
		The Movement has since spread to nearly all mountainous regions of India and can almost be considered the "sibling" of another, older environmental movement: the Bishnois.
	www.satyamag.com /apr04/trees.html (474 words)

	The Chipko movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement.
		From their origins as a spontaneous protest against logging abuses in Uttar Pradesh in the Himalayas, supporters of the Chipko movement, mainly village women, have successfully banned the felling of trees in a number of regions and influenced natural resource policy in India.
		The Chipko protests in Uttar Pradesh achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green felling in the Himalayan forests of that state by the order of Mrs Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India.
	edugreen.teri.res.in /explore/forestry/chipko.htm (615 words)

	"Hug the Trees!" (Chipko Movement, Nanda Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Gaura Devi, Gandhi Movement)
		Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Gaura Devi, and the Chipko Movement
		In 1977, the Chipko workers learned that forests were being auctioned in an area next to the one protected by the government ban.
		In a general sense, the Chipko Movement stood for the basic right of a community to control and benefit from the resources of its own home.
	www.markshep.com /nonviolence/GT_Chipko.html (5152 words)

	Nanda Devi :: Chipko Anniversary :: Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Chipko movement has been the first environmental movement that has affected me and prompted me to take environment as a religion as well as the profession.
		A movement of self sacrifice for a cause, as there could be no cause better than saving the nature and environment.The effect of a man's dream and effort, snowballing into a mass movement.
		The message, "Strength lies in unity" given by the great movement is quite realistic and effective particularly in the context of the new state to save its' environmental prosperity for the present and future generations.
	www.bostonglobalaction.net /UK/nandadevi/messages.html (2476 words)

	TED Case Study
		The Chipko movement of the Uttarakhand region in the northwest part of India began as a communal reaction of local villagers to protect their forests from commercial deforestation practices.
		One - India Although the Uttarakhand region is within the state of India, and the Chipko movement per se has been contained within the region, there have been many similar movements that have emerged as a result of this one - in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America.
		In fact, the Chipko movement is as much cultural as it is ecological because even though the product intended to save are the trees, it is also the self-determination and self-reliance for the women in the communities, but also a peasant movement for all the villagers involved.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/chipko2.htm (2710 words)

	Nanda Devi :: History :: Gaura Devi & Chipko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the activist phase of Chipko in the 1970s, the courage and vigilance of Uttarakhandi women saved many forests and earned them a hallowed place in the history of the global environmental movement.
		Her example would be repeated by countless women who would come to form the backbone of the Chipko movement.
		As a diverse movement with diverse experiences, strategies, and motivations, Chipko itself inspired environmentalists both nationally and globally and contributed substantially to the emerging philosophies of ecofeminism and deep ecology and fields of community-based conservation and sustainable mountain development.
	bostonglobalaction.net /UK/nandadevi/chipko.html (1149 words)

	South Asia Briefing Unit 3 - Chipko and trusteeship
		The Chipko Movement was a mass movement of local women, who organized together to protect India’s forests.
		The movement began in Tehri Garwhal—a hilly region in the state of Uttar Pradesh and became organized and known as the Chipko Movement.
		The courage of the women of the Chipko movement sowed the seeds of one of the biggest women’s movements that not just India, but the world has ever known.
	www.thp.org /sac/unit3/chipko.htm (322 words)

	The Chipko Movement (Women in World History Curriculum)
		“Chipko” in Hindi means to cling, reflecting the protesters main technique of throwing their arms around the tree trunks designated to be cut, and refusing to move.
		Women’s participation in the movement can be traced to a remote hill town where a contractor in 1973 had been given the right by the state to fell 3000 of trees for a sporting goods store.
		In the 1980s the ideas of the Chipko movement spread, often by women talking about them at water places, on village paths, and in markets.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /contemporary-04.html (683 words)

	Forests: temperate forests, forests in Russia, Chipko Movement, Irish forestry
		Chipko means "to hug" in an Indian language.
		Almost 250 years later, the saga was repeated when villagers from Gopeshwar, Uttar Pradesh confronted loggers from a sports goods factory in March 1973, who planned to consume the lovely lush forests on which their lives depended.
		Chipko!" and hugged the trees, daring the loggers to let their axes fall on their backs.
	www.unep.org /GEO/geo2000/pacha/forests/forests3.htm (411 words)

	Of Myths and Movements
		The Chipko movement emerged in the early 1970s in the Garhwal region of the Indian Himalayas.
		In attempting to draw attention to the difficulty of sustaining their livelihoods in the region, local communities engaged in protests by hugging trees that were marked for felling in state-owned commercial forests.
		This book brings the Chipko movement back from the realm of myth into the world of geographical history.
	www.versobooks.com /books/nopqrs/r-titles/rangan_myths_movements.shtml (166 words)

	PMag v05n5p24 -- Canadian Soldiers Hugged the Trees
		Gandhi's success in the Indian independence movement resulted from his shifting concern away from the slights faced by an affluent elite and toward the grievances of Indian tribals, pastoralists, and peasants.
		The Sarvodaya movement was established in the foothills of the Himalayas where, shortly after independence, the Chipko movement emerged.
		By 1977 the Chipko movment was strong enough to defend whole forests from logging.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v05n5p24.htm (1410 words)

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