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Topic: Chironex fleckeri

	Chironex fleckeri - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chironex fleckeri, the sea wasp, is a highly venomous species of box jellyfish.
		Chironex fleckeri grow to approximately the size of a basketball, is nearly transparent and has four clusters of 15 tentacles.
		Chironex fleckeri live on a diet of prawns and small fish and are themselves prey to turtles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chironex_fleckeri (477 words)

	Q9-Cardiotoxic effects of venom from Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp. On an invertebrate model
		Q9-Cardiotoxic effects of venom from Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp.
		Abstract: Extracted venom from two species of cubozoan, Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus sp., were injected into the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.
		Chironex fleckeri, which has the more potent venom out of these two species, is actually less effective in reducing cardiac activity than that of Chiropsalmus sp., which may be a direct reflection of the variation in primary prey being utilised by each species.
	www.jvat.org.br /next/future_publications/op359_05.htm (221 words)

	eMJA: Prospective study of Chironex fleckeri and other box jellyfish stings in the “Top End” of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		fleckeri antivenom25,26 were not in situations of cardiac arrest and the subjective reports of improvement may well have reflected spontaneous improvement, which was seen in the vast majority of stings in this study.
		fleckeri antivenom may save a life is a severe sting with cardiorespiratory arrest near a health centre or hospital, where immediate resuscitation and rapid use of large volumes of intravenous antivenom is possible.
		Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsalmus quadrigatus — morphological distinctions.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/183_11_051205/cur10057_fm.html (4070 words)

	Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was Chironex fleckeri, the infamous box jellyfish found in the near-shore waters of Australia and southeastern Asia.
		Chironex do not intentionally sting humans, of course, but simply react when their tentacles are brushed.
		One observation of the Chironex in the tank was that when room lights were bright and the observer had dark clothes on, moving toward the tank would swim away from that side of the tank.
	darter.ocps.net /classroom/klenk/cubejl.htm (1723 words)

	eMJA: Jellyfish envenoming syndromes: unknown toxic mechanisms and unproven therapies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		fleckeri nematocysts,25 and has greatest acceptance for beachside treatment of jellyfish stings; large amounts of vinegar are placed in prominent positions along swimming beaches in jellyfish-endemic areas.
		Rifkin J, Endean R. The structure and function of the nematocysts of Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956.
		Response of the box-jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) cardiotoxin to intravenous administration of verapamil.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/178_01_060103/bai10411_fm.html (3031 words)

	Chironex fleckeri
		Also known as the Sea Wasp or Box jellyfish, the Chironex fleckeri is considered to be the most dangerous jellyfish and one of the most dangerous venomous creatures in the world.
		Chironex fleckeri is one of the simplest organisms.
		Although Chironex grows in clone during the polyp sexual stage, it exhibits a solitary life style.
	web.fccj.org /~dbyres/2011projects/chironex/chironex_fleckeri.htm (1488 words)

	JCU - JCU Library Archives
		A study of the biological activity of toxic material derived from nematocysts of the cubomeducan Chironex fleckeri.
		Marr, A.G.M. and Baxter, E.H. Effect of proteolytic enzymed on the venom of the sea wasp Chironex fleckeri.
		Immunity to the venom of the sea wasp chironex fleckeri.
	www.library.jcu.edu.au /Specials/Archives/barnes.shtml (806 words)

	The Cubozoan -- Chironex fleckeri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Chironex fleckeri grows to about the size of a human head, and has tentacles up to three meters long.
		The bell of Chironex fleckeri does not have nematocysts.
		Hartwick, R. Distributional ecology and behaviour of the early life stages of the box-jellyfish Chironex fleckeri.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /cnidaria/Chironex.html (277 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Chironex stings were reported in every month in the Northern Territory, and in all months but June and July in Queensland.
		The peak prevalence for Chironex stings occurred in January in both areas, while the number of Irukandji stings peaked in December in Queensland and in May in the Northern Territory.
		Chironex and Irukandji stings were similar with respect to tides, moon phases, and rainfall.
	medschool.umaryland.edu /dermatology/Jellynewslet/number25.html (1809 words)

	JCU - World's first snoozing jellyfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Researchers at James Cook University in Cairns have discovered that the deadly box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri, quits work at around 3.00 pm and spends its afternoons and evenings napping on the ocean floor.
		Tracking Chironex fleckeri is something Dr Seymour, a senior lecturer at James Cook University in Cairns, has wanted to do for many years.
		An adult Chironex fleckeri can be the size of a large inverted salad bowl, with up to sixty tentacles as long as five metres.
	media.jcu.edu.au /story.cfm?id=353 (854 words)

	CSL Antivenom Handbook - Box Jellyfish Antivenom
		Chirodropids (eg Chironex fleckeri) are large, tropical virtually transparent jellyfish, with an approximately square shaped body, with tentacles draping from each of the four corners.
		Chirodropids (eg Chironex fleckeri) are confined to tropical Australian waters, including offshore islands, where they are found year round, but are most commonly encountered in the summer months and near outflows from estuaries.
		The extent of envenoming by Chirodropids (eg Chironex fleckeri) is essentially dependent on the area of discharging tentacle contact.
	www.toxinology.com /generic_static_files/cslavh_antivenom_boxjelly.html (781 words)

	Natural History: One touch of venom: a box jellyfish is a killer without peer on LookSmart Junior High
		Found in the waters off northern Australia, the box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri is not the only marine invertebrate to use venom, but it is the possessor of arguably the most lethal venom in the world.
		C. fleckeri, unlike the typical jellyfish, is a fine swimmer.
		The canals inside C. fleckeri's tentacles (which bear an uncanny resemblance to the villi that line vertebrate digestive systems) dramatically increase the internal surface area of the tentacles, allowing more organic matter to be absorbed in less time than would be possible with a conventional jellyfish digestive system.
	www.gradewinner.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_7_111/ai_91040473 (608 words)

	Dorothy Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She is perhaps best known for her public installation Ghost Ship (1999) in which a ship, a disused light ship, was painted with luminuous paint and moored in Dublin's Dún Laoghaire Harbour.
		A recent series Medusae includes images of Chironex fleckeri, a type of jellyfish and was made in collaboration with her brother, Tom Cross, a zoologist.
		Her work often appears to explore the gap between the real and unreal, the known and unknown, the imaginable and the unimagined.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dorothy_Cross (223 words)

	JCU - Bad jellies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Chironex fleckeri, or Box Jellyfish, have killed at least 65 people over the last 50 years and frequent the waters of northern Australia from around November to May.
		For an animal that rules the coastline from Exmouth to Gladstone for six months of the year, Chironex fleckeri has maintained a surprisingly low profile in scientific circles.
		A comparison with similar, but less venomous, jellyfish suggests that the key advantage of fleckeris powerful venom is in the hunt.
	media.jcu.edu.au /story.cfm?id=3 (679 words)

	Leopard seal attacks and kills snorkeler
		An Australian relative, the notorious "sea wasp" box jelly (Chironex fleckeri), is deadly.
		Dr Fenner described the boy's death as a tragedy as he was swimming just 4km from north Mission Beach and 3km from south Mission beach, both of which are regularly dragged for stingers and have stinger nets to protect swimmers.
		Dr Fenner said the boy was the 68th person in Australia known to have died from a chironex fleckeri sting since records began in 1883.
	www.seasabres.com /BoxJellyfish.htm (1164 words)

	Hall of Fame: Peter Fenner
		Irukandji and Chironex fleckeri jellyfish envenomation in tropical Australia.
		Comparative studies on venom extracts from three jellyfish: the Irukankji (Carukia barnesi), the box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri southcott) and the blubber (Catostylus mosaicus).
		Optimization and preliminary characterization of venom isolated from 3 medically important jellyfish: the box (Chironex fleckeri), Irukandji (Carukia barnesi), and blubber (Catostylus mosaicus) jellyfish.
	www.medusozoa.com /pjfenner.html (714 words)

	Healthy Island Resorts: Jellyfish (stingers) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The most dangerous species that may be present in North Queensland waters from November to May or June is one of the species of Box Jellyfish –; Chironex fleckeri – capable of causing fatalities.
		The Box Jellyfish or Stinger Chironex fleckeri, has caused, on average, one death per year in northern coastal waters of Australia since records have been kept.
		Chironex fleckeri, commonly called the box jellyfish, breed at the end of summer, and juveniles are thought to occur on the underside of rocks where brackish freshwater meets sea water in creeks and estuaries.
	www.health.qld.gov.au /HealthyIslandResorts/topic/stingers.htm (800 words)

	Jellyfish: A Dangerous Ocean Organism of Hawaii
		The sting of the sea wasp, Chironex fleckeri, is so toxic that it can cause death.
		Chironex and Chiropsalmus, occur widely from Queensland, Australia (from Exmouth in Western Australia to Gladstone in Queensland from November to May) northward to about Malaya.
		An antivenin, available from Commonwealth Serum Laboratory of Melbourne, Australia, specific for Chironex fleckeri is indicated for all serious envenomations.
	www.aloha.com /~lifeguards/jelyfish.html (1706 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		SUMMARY: The efficacy of antivenom and verapamil against Chironex fleckeri (box jellyfish) venom was investigated in monitored mechanically ventilated piglets.
		Chironex fleckeri tentacle extract alone, a mixture of tentacle extract with antivenom, and verapamil before tentacle extract were administered intravenously to groups of animals.
		The combination of skin warming and pethidine was not reliable enough to be recommended for use during endovascular cooling in unanaesthetized patients.
	www.aaic.net.au /TOC.asp?View=2&A=1360 (318 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		fleckeri venom (30µg/kg; i.v.) produced a transient hypertensive response followed by hypotension and cardiovascular collapse within 4 minutes of administration.
		fleckeri venom-induced pressor response nor the consequent hypotension or cardiovascular collapse of animals.
		fleckeri venom sample free of tentacular contamination and the potential of MgSO4 as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of potentially fatal C.
	medschool.umaryland.edu /Dermatology/Jellynewslet/number31.html (1213 words)

	Fish poisonings and envenomations \| Poison Control Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		The Chironex fleckeri of the chirodropid species, also known as the sea wasp or the box jellyfish, is considered the most deadly jellyfish in the world.
		Stings from its tentacles cause an erythematous whipped appearance on the skin and may result in flening and necrosis in the area.
		The treatment for its deadly sting is removal of tentacles with vinegar, compression bandages, parenteral narcotics for severe pain.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75972 (2150 words)

	Box jellyfish: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The largest of the box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri (Chironex fleckeri: chironex fleckeri is a free-floating jellyfish-like pelagic animal....
		Chironex fleckeri (Chironex fleckeri: chironex fleckeri is a free-floating jellyfish-like pelagic animal....
		For some as yet unknown reason, acetic acid (acetic acid: A colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals), found in vinegar, disables the box jellyfish's nematocysts, or stinging cells.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/box_jellyfish (464 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Marine & Freshwater Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is shown that the system of gonads is markedly different from that obtaining in other Cubomedusae, in which the gonads are leaf-like lamellae that arise at the interradial septum and project into the perradial stomach pouches.
		In Chironex, only a narrow ridge is present at the interradial septum in the same situation, at most about 0.4 mm wide, and the gonads are lobulated structures that arise alongside the perradial suspensoria, high in the bell cavity, and project into the bell cavity.
		It is probable that Chironex fleckeri is responsible for severe stingings and deaths of humans in northern Austrahan waters, but dlrect proof of this hypothesis is lacking.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/126/paper/MF9560254.htm (312 words)

	DAN Divers Alert Network : Jellyfish Stings
		Broken-off tentacles that are fragmented in the surf or washed up on the beach can retain their toxicity for months and should not be handled, even if they appear to be dried out and withered.
		The dreaded box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) of northern Australia contains one of the most potent animal venoms known to man. A sting from one of these creatures can induce death in minutes from cessation of breathing, abnormal heart rhythms and profound low blood pressure (shock).
		If the sting is believed to be from the box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), immediately flood the wound with vinegar (5 percent acetic acid).
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /medical/faq/faq.asp?faqid=96 (753 words)

	Box jellyfish
		Box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri)are a hazard to Pacific swimmers and divers.
		Chironex is an almost clear, box-shaped jellyfish, quite agile, and very difficult to see in the water, with many tentacles trailing from the four corners of its "bell".
		It appears characteristically after the first summer storms, probably relating to the presence of its food source, a small shrimp, Acetes australis.
	www.scuba-doc.com /boxjel.html (417 words)

	The Stinger Suit® from The Stingersuits.com - low cost, perfect solution for tourists who 'must swim' in a 'marine ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Fresh live Chironex fleckeri (juveniles measuring 3-5 cm in bell height) were hand collected from the Strand, Townsville.
		Under extreme tension conditions, the level of protection against envenomation by Material B (supplied by Robis Pty Limited), allows for some envenomation by Chironex fleckeri to occur.
		This probable eventuates due to the material becoming thinner and gaps within the weave to expand in size and hence allowing direct contact of the tentacles to the skin.
	www.stingersuits.com /results.php (652 words)

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