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Topic: Chirped mirror

	ULTRAS - INFM
		For the application of chirped mirrors, the case of an octave-spanning continuum is particularly challenging in terms of bandwidth.
		The design of the chirped mirrors was based on a measurement of the group delay, which was determined from a spectrally resolved cross-correlation between the supercontinuum and the 25-fs laser pulses directly from the amplifier.
		The mirrors were aligned in a symmetric configuration in order to cancel the angular dispersion introduced by the wedge plate of a single ultrabroadband chirped mirror.
	www.dei.unipd.it /ricerca/ultras/act4.html (1722 words)

	Double chirped mirror - US Patent 6462878 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Chirped mirrors are also beneficial for the compression of high energy pulses, because they produce high dispersion with little material in the beam path, thereby avoiding nonlinear effects in the compressor.
		One embodiment of the present invention is a double-chirped mirror in which an initial design of a double chirped mirror is generated and then perturbed to improve the group delay dispersion and reflectance characteristics by accounting for the frequency dependence of design parameters such as indices of refraction.
		The double chirp of this section is apparent in the upwardly sloping line comprised of the high index layer material, and the downwardly sloping line comprised of the low index material.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6462878.html (5789 words)

	Chirped mirrors push pulses to their limits (September 2001) - Opto & Laser Europe - optics.org
		They developed dispersion-compensated or chirped mirrors, in which the multilayer periodic structure is modulated across the mirror.
		With chirped mirrors the Ti:sapphire oscillator is capable of producing bandwidth-limited pulses with a duration of as little as 8 fs.
		When Steinmeyer and colleagues patented this idea for a back-side coated chirped mirror they proposed to use a thin-lens substrate, but it is also possible to use a thin wedge - the solution put forward by Gabriel Tempea from the Vienna group.
	optics.org /articles/ole/6/9/3/1 (1849 words)

	Patent 6590925: Double-chirped mirror systems and methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The additional phase-shifting layer causes the mirror system during use to produce a laser pulse that is characterized by oscillations in group delay substantially reduced in amplitude in comparison to oscillations in group delay for a pulse produced by the same system without the additional phase-shifting layer.
		If the coupling coefficient is chirped along with the period of the grating, then the GTI effect caused by the impedance mismatch in portion 58 of the mirror can be effectively eliminated, thereby substantially reducing oscillations in the group delay found in simple chirped mirrors.
		Mirrors 116 and 118 are both concave, and are both tilted slightly with respect to the beam through the crystal.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6590925.html (6833 words)

	Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - carrier-envelope offset, cavity design, coherence, cross-phase modulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The curves show the beam radii at the end mirrors and in the laser crystal as functions of the focusing power of the thermal lens of the gain medium, which is roughly proportional to the pump power.
		A chirped mirror is a kind of dielectric mirror which is usually used for dispersion compensation.
		The basic idea of chirped mirror designs (Ref. Szipöcs 1994) is that the Bragg wavelength is not constant but varies within the structure, so that different wavelengths penetrate to a different extent into the mirror structure and thus experience a different group delay.
	www.rp-photonics.com /encyclopedia_c.html (6703 words)

	Compact solid-state laser and transmitter using the same - US Patent 6229835 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A compact solid-state laser according to claim 6, wherein a substrate of said chirped mirror having a curving surface is a solid body of lens so that the laser light which is led out of said cavity is focused at a specified position.
		A compact solid-state laser according to claim 9, wherein a substrate of said curving chirped mirror is a lens which converges the pumping light from said pumping optical source.
		The chirped mirror 2 is a concave mirror having a focal distance of around several tens millimeters, which is determined depending on the repetition frequency.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6229835.html (3940 words)

	Patent 6222673: Group-delay-dispersive multilayer-mirror structures and method for designing same (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The mirror of claim 11, wherein between said two or more spaced-apart layers having an optical thickness of between about three-eighths and seven-eighths of a wavelength at a wavelength within the selected band of wavelengths are layers having an optical thickness less than about one-quarter wavelength at a wavelength within the selected band of wavelengths.
		The mirror of claim 10, wherein adjacent ones of said second plurality of layers have a different refractive index and any one layer is a layer of a material having one of a high refractive index, a low refractive index, and a refractive index intermediate said high and low refractive indices.
		The mirror of claim 17, wherein said high and low refractive index materials of said second plurality of layers are respectively the same as said high and low refractive index materials of said first plurality of layers.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6222673.html (11135 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The dielectric multilayer mirrors are composed of alternating quarter-wave layers of MgF2 and Sb2S3, and exhibit broadband reflectivities.
		We discuss the mirror penetration depth from the standpoints of reflection delay and energy storage in the quarter-wave mirrors and derive exact analytic expressions for the penetration depth at the mirror center frequency based on both definitions.
		In this paper we derive expressions for the penetration depth and mirror reflection delay that are valid for arbitrary material refractive index combinations and any number of layers, and are therefore applicable both for semiconductor and amorphous dielectric mirrors.
	optics.colorado.edu /~kelvin/classes/links/physopt/fall99/mirror_disp.ref (1288 words)

	Chirped source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hence, a single longitudinal scan of the sample is performed by scanning the reference mirror position and simultaneously recording the interferometric signal, which is then demodulated, digitized and stored on a computer.
		For the conventional system, the reference arm mirror is moved (not the case for the chirped source).
		The main purpose of this project is to develop a novel fiber-ring laser system based on frequency chirping, i.e., rapid scanning of a narrow-band linewidth laser source, yielding ultra-high longitudinal spatial resolution, and to apply the new laser in a chirped OCT system.
	www.risoe.dk /ofd/oct/Projects/fdni.htm (810 words)

	Applications
		The grating is kept fixed at an angle of incidence near 90 degrees, and the wavelength is tuned by rotating a special tuning mirror.
		When a short laser pulse is transmitted through an optical fibre, the pulse will be stretched, or "chirped" due to nonlinear effects (selfphase modulation).The group velocity dispersion in the fibre results in that the front of the pulse will have a longer wavelength than the tall.
		This chirped pulse is then amplified, and subsequently compressed to obtain a high power pulse with a duration nearly equal to the input pulse.
	www.spectrogon.com /gratappl.html (1407 words)

	Swans Commentary: Animal Park, by Henry Pelifian - hpelif01
		Molly had landed on the door mirror on the driver's side and as she turned her head, she saw her reflection in the window.
		She flew over the hood of the car to the outside mirror on the passenger side landing on the window crevice.
		Her fervor drove her to agitation by flying to the top of the mirror and back to the crevice in the window to look at herself time and again.
	www.swans.com /library/art10/hpelif01.html (7807 words)

	Brewster-angled chirped mirrors for high-fidelity dispersion compensation and bandwidths exceeding one optical octave
		It is shown that Brewster-angled chirped mirrors can deliver ultrabroadband dispersion compensation over a much wider bandwidth than conventional doublechirped mirrors and without the mechanical complexity of back-deposition approaches.
		Therefore, this new generation of chirped mirrors appears ideal for compression of continuum pulses with a potential of pulse durations in the single-cycle regime.
		G. Steinmeyer, "Brewster-angled chirped mirrors for high-fidelity dispersion compensation and bandwidths exceeding one optical octave," Opt.
	www.opticsexpress.org /abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-19-2385 (505 words)

	Vincent Laude's (scientific) Home Page - femto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From 1997, I have investigated chirped mirrors with Pierre Tournois.
		In order to extend the bandwidth of chirped mirrors, I proposed and patented a new structure associating several chirped mirrors optimized simultaneously such that the sum of their dispersions follows a prescribed law.
		Experiments in a chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser chain demonstrated the adaptive control of the output ultrashort pulse by way of the AOPDF fed with the measured characteristics of the output pulse [3].
	www.lpmo.edu /~laude/femto.html (734 words)

	0
		Figure 2 shows the calculated and measured reflectivity and group delay dispersion of the mirror pairs. The mirrors are designed such that the dispersion of all intracavity components is exactly compensated up to sixth-order.
		All mirrors except the output coupler mirror are double-chirped mirrors (DCMs), which compensate the second and third order dispersion of the laser crystal and the air, which resides inside the laser cavity.
		All cavity mirrors except the output coupler are double-chirped mirrors (DCMs).
	rleweb.mit.edu /Publications/pr144/24.htm (6858 words)

	Max-Born-Institut - Jahresbericht 1996 Feature Artikel 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The chirped mirror oscillator [3] is pumped by 4W of green CW radiation from a diode pumped Nd:YAG laser (Millenia, Spectra Physics).
		The laser pulses at the output of the oscillator have a repetition rate of 85 MHz, duration of t = 12 fs and an averaged power of P ~ 200 mW.
		Chirping of the pulses is performed in an aberrational stretcher [5].
	www.mbi-berlin.de /en/research/annuals/96/artikel3.html (2622 words)

	Ultrashort Pulses and Measurement Techniques
		A major limitation in chirped mirror design arises due to interference between light reflected at different penetration depths inside the mirror structure.
		Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) were a breakthrough resulting in the first demonstration of self-starting and stable passive mode locking of diode-pumped solid-state lasers with an intracavity saturable absorber.
		Her current research interests are in diode-pumped solid-state lasers, ultrafast lasers using semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors, time-resolved spectroscopy, ultrafast local probes and novel devices for applications in optical information processing, communication and medicine.
	www.elec.gla.ac.uk /leos-scot/00-10-11/meeting.htm (778 words)

	Publications_Krausz
		Compression of the self-phase-modulated pulses is implemented with chirped mirrors and a prism pair, yielding 8-fs, 15- mu J pulses in the violet spectral range.
		The numerical simulations indicate that pulse shortening is accompanied by an increase in the chirp of the master resonator pulse.
		It is shown that a chirped master resonator pulse in the presence of dispersion diminishes the pulse shortening and results in longer stationary pulses.
	www.mpq.mpg.de /krausz/publications_krausz.html (10484 words)

	KMLabs - Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Conversely, wavelength tuning a chirped mirror based oscillator is typically achieved via slight changes in the cavity’s curved mirror separation; this provides only minor adjustment capability and is a much more complex process, introducing modal as well as spectral changes.
		Conversely, chirped mirrors are matched components; therefore if one degrades or sustains damage, you must replace them all, if you wish to achieve short pulses.
		Furthermore, chirped mirrors are more expensive, and less durable than standard high reflectors and prisms.
	kmlabs.com /products.html (2240 words)

	Femtosecond Laser Stabilization: Time and Frequency Domain Applications
		The ability to stabilize and control the discrete comb of frequencies that comprise the train of optical pulses becomes increasingly important as novel applications utilizing the “femtosecond comb” are developed that demand greater levels of precision.
		The use of a passive cavity also enables amplification of short pulses where no suitable active gain medium may exist, such as in pulse trains generated in the infrared from difference-frequency mixing [18] or in the UV from harmonic generation.
		In the picosecond (ps) enhancement cavity, losses are primarily introduced by scattering and/or absorption in the coupling mirror and Bragg cell.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/pubs/newsletters/leos/Oct03/fem_laser.html (1800 words)

	10-TW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The laser pulses will be generated by a 12-fs passively mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator which utilizes a chirped mirror for intracavity dispersion compensation and is pumped by a cw frequency doubled Nd:YVO₄ laser.
		The Ti:sapphire crystal is Brewster-cut with a length of 4 mm and a doping of 0.2%.
		All the pulse energies of the amplifiers and their pump lasers will be measured through the leakage of high-reflection dielectric mirrors with fast photodiodes and gated charge integrators.
	ltl.iams.sinica.edu.tw /laboratory/Facilities/100-TW_laser_system.html (1817 words)

	Ultrafast Lasers, Chirped Mirrors, Femtosecond Lasers, Femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillators, Dr Róbert Szipőcs
		First demonstrated at the Technical University of Vienna, Austria, these chirped mirrors were used to build a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser containing no intracavity prism, and generating optical pulses as short as 11 fs.
		The winner of the the fourth ICO/ICTP Prize the 2003 is Dr.Róbert Szipõcs of the Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary).
		Chirped multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion control in femtosecond lasers by Robert Szipõcs, Kárpát Ferencz, Christian Spielmann and Ferenc Krausz
	szipocs.com (285 words)

	p6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drawing on the experience with dielectric mirrors, one would expect that the bandwidth of semiconductor multilayers can be easily increased by chirping the layer thickness.
		To fabricate saturable absorber mirrors as well as semiconductor nanostructures used in the generation of coherent light epitaxial deposition of different multilayers is necessary.
		Apart from saturable absorber mirrors and Bragg reflectors, semiconductor nanostructures are widely used in optoelectronic devices to demonstrate coherent sources like e.g.
	info.tuwien.ac.at /adlis/Html/ADLIS1/P6.htm (3982 words)

	References
		We demonstrate the first diode pumped, Keer-lens mode locked fs-laser which is completely dispersion compensated by chirped mirrors.
		Low loss chirped mirrors together with advanced pump diodes permitted the generation of transform limited 65 fs pulses with a mode locked output power of 70 mW in a prismless cavity.
		The influence of intrinsic colquiriite properties on the pulse width is discussed, and a possible explanation of the low HOD-impact on the shortest pulses is derived.
	www.layertec.com /reference.html (218 words)

	TFCalc 3.5 Sample Designs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Using TFCalc's ultra-fast optimization targets, this 40-layer mirror was optimized to have high reflectance and a GDD (group delay dispersion) of -30 fs from 750 nm to 950 nm.
		It is very easy to design mirrors having other GDD performances.
		Using cone-angle optimization targets, a 4-layer AR was optimized to have low reflectance in the range 450-650 nm for a cone of light having a half-angle of 30 degrees.
	www.sspectra.com /Sample35.html (282 words)

	Laser Applications Department
		As an example, it is worth mentioning that the shortest laser pulses ever achieved (4.5 fs) are generated by a Ti:sapphire laser system utilizing ultrabroadband chirped mirrors for dispersion control at the University of Groningen (the Netherlands).
		Besides the scientific and technical expertise of the staff, the laboratory comprises a 10 W Ar-ion laser (Spectra-Physics), a tunable cw and femtosecond pulse Ti:sapphire laser (RandD Ultrafast Lasers Ltd.), a synchronously pumped, femtosecond pulse optical parametric oscillator (NTandC) and a high resolution double monochromator (CVI).
		The unique feature of the two femtosecond pulse systems is that they utilize chirped mirror technology for broadband feedback and intracavity dispersion control.
	www.szfki.hu /lappl/fields.html (2070 words)

	Femtosecond optical pulse shaping
		For example, in femto-chemistry highly structured chirped pulses can be required to excite particular molecular bonds.
		Pulses from the laser are coupled into the shaper and dispersed by a diffraction grating (DG) to form a line spectrum.
		The spectral phase of the pulses is modified by programming a chosen curvature onto the mirror surface.
	www.phy.hw.ac.uk /resrev/ufast/shaping.html (273 words)

	dispersion and pulse broadening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Secondly, normally-dispersive media like glass impose a positive frequency sweep or “chirp” on the pulse meaning that the blue components are delayed with respect to the red.
		In order to get a physical feel for the effect of the chirp, it is common to consider the phase shift as a function of frequency w.
		This so-called “chirped” mirror reflects each wavelength from a different depth through the dielectric coating, which is made up of multiple stacks of varying thickness.
	bcp.phys.strath.ac.uk /ultrafast/dictionary/dispersion%20and%20pulse%20broadening/dispersion%20and%20pulse%20broadening.html (1531 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The problem of matching double-chirped mirrors to the ambient medium, which currently limits the design of ultrabroadband dispersion-compensating mirrors is reconsidered.
		A design of double-chirped mirror pairs that exhibit high reflectivity and a controlled group-delay dispersion in combination over 1 octave is presented.
		These mirrors permit the generation of octave-spanning spectra directly from a Ti:sapphire laser oscillator.{copyright} 2001 Optical Society of America
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=40203236 (185 words)

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