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Topic: Chitin

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	Chitin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chitin (IPA: [ˈkaɪtɪn]) is one of the main components in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods, and in some other animals.
		In effect chitin may be described as cellulose with one hydroxyl group on each monomer replaced by an acetylamine group.
		Chitin is a unusual substance as it is a natually occuring polymer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chitin (316 words)

	Horseshoe Crab Chitin Research
		Chitin was first investigated in 1811 by Professor Henri Braconnott, who discovered it in the cell walls of mushrooms.
		Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, was produced in 1859, and since then, research has been conducted to learn about the properties of chitin and chitosan and develop commercial applications for their use.
		Chitin can be processed into many derivatives, the most readily available being chitosan, which is formed when chitin is heated with a chemical solution.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /horseshoecrab/Research/chitin.html (823 words)

	Chitin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chitin (pronounced kite-in) and chitosan (kite-o-san) are fibers derived from marine animals.
		Chitin is a polysaccharide-a string of sugar molecules-that naturally occurs in the hard outer shell of insects, shellfish such as crab, lobster, and shrimp, and marine coral.
		Chitin is also now being taken like acidophilus, FOS, and other supplements to speed the transit of foods through the digestive system and to promote the growth of beneficial live bacteria in the intestines.
	www.youngagain.com /chitin.html (928 words)

	Chitin
		Chitin is present in nature usually complexed with other polysaccharides and with proteins.
		Chitin synthesis is studied by incorporation of radio-labelled precursors into chitin, chitinolytic enzymes are determined by microfluorimetric assays
		Chitin metabolism is appreciated as target for insecticides and fungicides since this molecule does not occur in vertebrates.
	www.uni-ulm.de /biologie1/Forschung/Chitin/chitine.html (591 words)

	Rheology of Chitin
		Chitin is a white, horny substance found in the outer skeletons of crabs, and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates.
		Chitin and chitosan have anti-fungal properties that can be used to protect seeds from soil fungi by coating the seeds with chitin or chitosan.
		Chitin and chitosan are non-toxic and non-allergenic which means that the body won't reject them as foreign invaders; hence they can be used in the production of emulsifiers, anti-static agents and emollients to extend the cosmetic product shelf life.
	www.lboro.ac.uk /departments/cg/Projects/2001/clarke/introduction.html (735 words)

	What is chitin?
		Chitin is a polymer that can be found in anything from the shells of beetles to webs of spiders.
		Chitin is unusual because it is a "natural polymer," or a combination of elements that exists naturally on earth.
		Chitin is a very firm material, and it help protect an insect against harm and pressure.
	wywy.essortment.com /whatischitin_rkkh.htm (513 words)

	chitin
		Chitin is a complex molecule, AKA a polymer.
		The thing about chitin is that it is a natural polymer, which means that it is found in nature.
		Chitosan is a polymer derived from chitin and is used in applications from health care to agriculture to dyes for fabrics.
	www.pslc.ws /macrog/kidsmac/sea/chitin.htm (331 words)

	Health Benefits of Chitin in Weight Loss, Cholesterol, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Colon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chitin is the fiber in shellfish shell such as crab, lobster and shrimp.
		These studies have shown chitin to be helpful in better bowel health and the prevention of tumors or intestinal polyps that are often the precursor to cancers of the bowel and colon.
		Chitin derivatives such as chitin oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides (smaller components of the chitin and chitosan molecules) also are believed to have many important health dividends, including promotion of bowel health, anti-tumor properties and promotion of these same beneficial Bifidobacteria.
	www.youngagain.com /chitnatfatab.html (7484 words)

	chitin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In arthropods the chitinous shell, or exoskeleton, covers the surface of the body, does not grow, and is periodically cast off (molted).
		After the old shell is shed, a new, larger shell is secreted by the epidermis, providing room for future growth.
		Chitin is also found in the cell walls of some fungi.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/chitin.html (173 words)

	AllRefer.com - chitin (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia
		Chitin, a polysaccharide (see carbohydrate) analogous in chemical structure to cellulose, consists of units of a glucose derivative (N-acetyl-
		Like cellulose, chitin contributes strength and protection to the organism.
		The chitin is rigid except between some body segments and joints where it is thin and allows movement of adjacent parts.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/chitin.html (213 words)

	Independent regulation of chitin synthase and chitinase activity in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- ...
		for the hypothesis that chitin synthesis and chitin hydrolysis
		Chitin contents of yeast and hyphal cells are shown as solid and clear bars respectively.
		Bulawa, C. and Osmond, B. Chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II are not required for chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/4/921 (3769 words)

	Chitin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The process is a closed-loop system that extracts the remainder of food-grade meat from the shells, then reduces the shells to their primary materials -- chitin and calcium -- with no discharge into the environment.
		The chitin can then be converted into chitosan and glucosamine, products that are in high demand by the food supplement industry, the medical profession, manufacturing and agriculture.
		"Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose," Thomas said.
	clemsonews.clemson.edu /WWW_releases/1998/November1998/Crab_Shells.html (585 words)

	Maryland Marine Notes: March-April 1997 Side Bar - Chitin Breakdown: The Bacterial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Were it not for this recycling, says Roseman, a biochemist in the Department of Biology at The Johns Hopkins University, carbon and nitrogen in the chitin would simply accumulate, depleting the oceans in less than 50 years.
		His group has discovered that bacteria produce suites of these enzymes - outside the cell, between the cell walls and plasma membranes, and within the cell itself - and that those enzymes are involved in releasing a cascade of oligosaccharides of different molecular weights.
		Chitin oligosaccharides, for example, are known to play an important role in plant disease resistance by "triggering" a plant's defense mechanisms against invasion by fungi (which have chitin in their cell walls).
	www.mdsg.umd.edu /MarineNotes/Mar-Apr97/side1.html (875 words)

	Medical Textiles: CHITIN@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chitin, and its derivatives such as chitosan, is finding increasing use in the treatment of wounds, but a major deterrent to its wider use is its intractability.
		Chitin is of limited solubility in a few uncommon solvents, but an invention disclosed in UK patent application GB 2 220 417 claims a method for preparing a dispersion of chitin from which can be produced a nonwoven material suitable for wound dressing components.
		The chitin is first ground to an appropriate mesh size and then pretreated with an aqueous oxidizing bleach which renders the chitin...
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1G1:41470984/CHITIN.html?refid=ip_hf (182 words)

	Chitin Inhibitors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Chitin Inhibitors (pronounced "kite~en") are Hexaflumuron (Sentricon TM) and Diflubensuron (Exterra TM).
		Chitin is a hormone that the termite secretes that allows them to molt and shed their outer body covering (exoskeleton).
		Chitin Inhibitors also cause the disruption of the termite social behavior.
	www.factsfacts.com /MyHomeRepair/chitin_inhibitors.htm (303 words)

	A Chitin Synthase and Its Regulator Protein Are Critical for Chitosan Production and Growth of the Fungal Pathogen ...
		Chitin is an essential component of the cell wall of many fungi.
		chitin deacetylases for conversion of chitin to chitosan.
		Chitin and chitosan content are indicated at the left of the panel.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/4/11/1902 (6645 words)

	Chitin metabolism in insects: structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases -- Merzendorfer and ...
		Chitin is one of the most important biopolymers in nature.
		and degradation of chitin in cuticles and peritrophic matrices.
		(A) Chitin synthase-loaded vesicles are transported from the transgolgi network to the apical region of epithelial cells by a constitutive secretory pathway and subsequently fuse with the plasma membrane.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/24/4393 (6815 words)

	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bni4p directs the formation of the chitin ring and also participates in the correct assembly ...
		Chitin distribution at the neck determined after CFW vital staining (a) or TEM (b).
		chitin synthesis, which is seldom observed in the wt.
		Cabib, E. and Schmidt, M. Chitin synthase III activity, but not the chitin ring, is required for remedial septa formation in budding yeast.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/10/3229 (6366 words)

	Roles of the Exposed Aromatic Residues in Crystalline Chitin Hydrolysis by Chitinase A from Serratia marcescens 2170 -- ...
		Roles of the Exposed Aromatic Residues in Crystalline Chitin Hydrolysis by Chitinase A from Serratia marcescens 2170 -- Uchiyama et al.
		Chemicals-- Chitin EX (powdered prawn shell chitin) and carboxymethyl chitin were purchased from Funakoshi Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan).
		To examine chitin binding activity of the N-terminal domain itself, the N-terminal domain of ChiA from S.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/44/41343 (4739 words)

	Oral Administration of Chitin Down-Regulates Serum IgE Levels and Lung Eosinophilia in the Allergic Mouse -- Shibata et ...
		The effects of chitin on peribronchial and perivascular lung inflammation.
		Groups of BALB/c mice (six mice/group) were given chitin (8 mg/mouse/day) orally 3 days before ragweed immunization and continued to receive chitin 11 days during the immunization periods.
		Chitin particle-induced cell mediated immunity is inhibited by mannan: mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis initiates interleukin-12 production.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/164/3/1314 (4774 words)

	Identification of a Chitin-Binding Protein Secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- Folders et al. 182 (5): 1257 -- The ...
		Colloidal chitin was prepared from crab shell chitin (Sigma) as described (43).
		Alternatively, the binding of proteins to chitin was studied during growth.
		Cultures of PAO25 were grown for 20 h in the absence (lane 1) or presence (lanes 2 and 3) of colloidal chitin.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/5/1257 (4578 words)

	Expression and Characterization of the Chitin-Binding Domain of Chitinase A1 from Bacillus circulans WL-12 -- Hashimoto ...
		Bacillus circulans WL-12 was isolated as a yeast and fungal cell wall-lytic bacterium from soil (31).
		degradation of insoluble chitin by chitinases, biochemical and
		Chitin EX (powdered prawn shell chitin), chitosans, and CM-chitin were purchased from Funakoshi Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan).
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/11/3045 (5145 words)

	Chitin
		Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the outer skeleton of insects, crabs, shrimps, and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates.
		Chitin is composed of ß(1-4) linked units of the amino sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine, and is the main source of production of chitosan, which is used in a number of applications, such as a flocculating agent, a wound healing agent, a sizing and strengthening agent for paper, and a delivery vehicle for pharmaceuticals and genes.
		Encourage basic and applied scientific studies of all aspects of chitin, including chitosan and derivatives of chitin and chitosan, and related enzymes,
	www.euchis.org (111 words)

	FAT Trapper, Natural Chitin 250mg, 120 capsules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fat Trapper™ with 100% natural LipoSan Ultra™ Chitin is an effective way to weight loss, lower cholesterol, and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, colon polyps, indigestion and constipation.
		Chitin is one of the three most abundant polysaccharides in nature, in addition to cellulose and starch.
		Research has shown that chitin and chitosan are non-toxic and non-allergenic, so the body is not likely to reject these compounds as foreign invaders.
	www.youngagain.info /cgi-bin/product.cgi?id=1878 (766 words)

	Amazon.com: Chitin and Chitinases (Experientia Supplementum): Books: P. Jolles,R.A.A. Muzzarelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chitin, an insoluble linear polymer of ß-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues, is the most abundant nitrogen-bearing organic compound found in nature: it is a common constituent of insect exoskeletons, shells of crustaceans and fungal cell walls.
		After a short presentation of this polysaccharide in the environment, the first part of this work is devoted to chitin biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo.
		The third part of the book is devoted to chitosan, an important chitin derivative, which occurs in the composition of threads, fibres, films and gels.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/3764358157?v=glance (710 words)

	Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis WdChs5p, a Class V Chitin Synthase, Is Essential for Sustained Cell Growth at ...
		A class V chitin synthase gene, chsA is essential for conidial and hyphal wall strength in the fungus Colletotrichum graminicola (Glomerella graminicola).
		Relevance of chitin and chitin synthases to virulence in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis, a model melanized pathogen of humans, p.
		Class V chitin synthase determines pathogenesis in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum and mediates resistance to plant defense compounds.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/3/1/40 (7053 words)

	chitin - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CHITIN [chitin], main constituent of the shells of arthropods.
		Chitin, a polysaccharide (see carbohydrate) analogous in chemical structure to cellulose, consists of units of a glucose derivative (N -acetyl- d -glucosamine) joined to form a long, unbranched chain.
		Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:chitin/chitin.html?refid=ip_hf (148 words)

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