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Chloral - LoveToKnow 1911 Chloral is soluble in alcohol and ether, in less than its own weight of water, and in four times its weight of chloroform; it absorbs chlorine, and dissolves bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulphur. Chloral deliquesces in the air, and is converted by water into a hydrate, with evolution of heat; it combines with alcohols and mercaptans. Chloral hydrate has the property of checking the decomposition of a great number of albuminous substances, such as milk and meat; and a mixture of it with glycerin, according to J. Personne, is suitable for the preservation of anatomical preparations. www.1911encyclopedia.org /Chloral   (1084 words)

NTP: Abstract for TOX 59 - Chloral Hydrate   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Chloral hydrate was shown to be mutagenic in vitro and in vivo. Chloral hydrate was rapidly metabolized by rats and mice, with trichloroacetic acid occurring as the major metabolite. Chloral hydrate was mutagenic in vitro and in vivo. ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=072DC149-B185-12F5-3E0C991CCBEDE100   (1461 words)

NTP: Abstract for TR-502: Chloral Hydrate   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Chloral hydrate is used medically as a sedative or hypnotic and as a rubefacient in topical preparations, and it is often given to children as a sedative during dental and other medical procedures. Chloral hydrate is used as a central nervous system depressant and sedative in veterinary medicine and as a general anesthetic in cattle and horses. Chloral hydrate, administered by feeding, produced an inconclusive increase in SLRL mutations in the germ cells of male flies. ntp.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=070B1E0A-B8EA-DC24-EBFD0E177564EAE3   (1215 words)

Chloral hydrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. A solution of chloral hydrate in alcohol is called "knockout drops" used in Mickey Finns. Chloral hydrate is a schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chloral_hydrate   (322 words)

CHLORAL AND CHLORAL HYDRATE Chloral is a chlorinated aldehyde that found extensive use, beginning in the 1940s, as a precursor in the production of the insecticide DDT and, to a lesser extent, of other insecticides and pharmaceuticals. Chloral is readily converted to chloral hydrate in the presence of water. Chloral hydrate increased the incidence of adenomas in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland in female mice only at the highest dose in one gavage study, but did not induce tumours of the pars distalis in male mice. www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol84/84-03-chlor-hydrate.html   (564 words)

Chloral hydrate (CASRN 302-17-0), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency Chloral hydrate caused concentration-dependent decreases in growth and differentiation and increases in the incidence of morphologically abnormal embryos. Chloral hydrate caused weak induction of meiotic recombination in the presence of metabolic activation and gene conversion in the absence of metabolic activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1982) Toxicology of chloral hydrate in the mouse. www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0304.htm   (12602 words)

Chloral Hydrate (Chloral Hydrate by RP Scherer) Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Chloral hydrate also is used to promote conscious sedation during pediatric dental procedures, preoperatively to relieve anxiety and induce sedation, and postoperatively as an adjunct to analgesics or opiates. Chloral hydrate has been used as a routine sedative; however, its use has declined as a result of the development of safer and more effective agents. Chloral hydrate is reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver and by erythrocytes to the primary metabolite trichloroethanol, which has a plasma half-life of 8÷11 hours. www.rockford.uic.edu /jc/chloralh.htm   (341 words)

Guidelines for Chloral Hydrate Chloral hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate) is a hypnotic agent that has been used in physiological experimental in laboratory animals (particularly rodents). Chloral hydrate is generally considered to be a good hypnotic, but a poor analgesic—even at anesthetic doses. Trichloroethanol is the active hypnotic metabolite of chloral hydrate and is eliminated as trichloroethanol flucuronic acid. vetmed.duhs.duke.edu /guidelines_for_chloral_hydrate.htm   (214 words)

Chloral Hydrate is Safe and Effective for Patients Undergoing Echocardiography Chloral hydrate is a safe and effective agent in the sedation of children undergoing echocardiography for known or suspected heart disease. A study comparing propofol and chloral hydrate found that there was a 19% incidence of chloral hydrate causing excitement and 3% incidence of respiratory depression; the incidence of both of these adverse events for propofol were 0%. The AAP policy statement also raises concern that repetitive dosing of chloral hydrate is concerning due to the accumulation of metabolites which may produce excessive central nervous system depression, predispose newborns to conjugated and nonconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, decreased albumin binding of bilirubin and contribute to acidosis. www.med.umich.edu /pediatrics/ebm/cats/chydrate.htm   (542 words)

CHLORAL HYDRATE Chloral is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of the insecticides DDT, methoxychlor, naled, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos and the herbicide trichloroacetic acid (IARC, 1995). The half-life of chloral hydrate in the plasma was approximately 3 min. Because of the immaturity of hepatic metabolism, particularly the glucuronidation pathway, and decreased glomerular filtration in infants, the half-life of trichloroethanol is longer in pre-term and full-term infants. www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad25.htm   (15143 words)

MedlinePlus Drug Information: Chloral Hydrate (Systemic)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Chloral hydrate has been used in the treatment of insomnia (trouble in sleeping) and to help calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense. Although there is no specific information comparing use of chloral hydrate in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. Overdose of chloral hydrate is especially dangerous in children. www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202123.html   (1876 words)

Chloral Hydrate   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Today depressants such as chloral hydrate are packaged with labels warning against the danger of mixing these kinds of sedatives with alcohol or other depressants. In the nineteenth century, however, chloral hydrate was often used by alcoholics whose sleep patterns had become disturbed by excessive drinking. Despite the abuse and mis-administration of the sedative, chloral hydrate did fulfill a need for a drug that would ease sleeplessness due to pain or insomnia and is considered a positive medical discovery. drugs.uta.edu /chloral.html   (368 words)

CHLORAL - Online Information article about CHLORAL The melting-point of pure chloral hydrate is 57°, the boiling-point 96-98° C. When heated with sulphuric acid it is converted into anhydrous chloral and chloralide, C6H2CI6O3. strychnine poisoning are due to violent stimulation of these areas, chloral hydrate is a valuable antidote in such cases. life after poisoning by chloral hydrate, than chloral hydrate is to save lite in poisoning by strychnine. encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHA_CHR/CHLORAL.html   (1455 words)

Erowid Chloral Hydrate Vault: Basics Chloral Hydrate is a pharmaceutical sedative with CNS depressant effects similar to barbiturates. Chloral Hydrate is Schedule IV in the United States, making it illegal to sell without a license, and illegal to purchase or possess without a prescription. Chloral hydrate passes into the breast milk and may cause drowsiness in babies of mothers using it. www.erowid.org /pharms/chloral_hydrate/chloral_hydrate_basics.shtml   (348 words)

Chloral Hydrate Marketed as syrups or soft gelatin capsules, chloral hydrate takes effect in a relatively short time (30 minutes) and will induce sleep in about an hour. A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn." At therapeutic doses, chloral hydrate has little effect on respiration and blood pressure; however; a toxic dose produces severe respiratory depression and very low blood pressure. Although some physicians consider chloral hydrate to be the drug of choice for sedation of children before diagnostic, dental, or medical procedures, its general use as a hypnotic has declined. www.streetdrugs.org /chloral.htm   (178 words)

DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, Chloral Hydrate The oldest of the hypnotic (sleep inducing} depressants, chloral hydrate was first synthesized in 1832. Chronic use is associated with liver damage and a severe withdrawal syndrome. Chloral hydrate (Noctec® and other) and compounds, preparations, or mixtures containing choral hydrate are in Schedule IV of the CSA. www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/chloral_hydrate.html   (156 words)

Drug Info Chloral hydrate, also known as Noctec, is the oldest of the sedative hypnotics. A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol is often known as a "knockout drop" or a "Mickey Finn". Chloral hydrate is both psychologically and physically addictive. www.isate.memphis.edu /sedativehypnotics.html   (316 words)

J Water SRT - Aqua 53 (2004) 381-390 - Lisa Barrott - Chloral hydrate: Formation and removal by drinking water treatment   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Chloral hydrate (the hydrated form of trichloroacetaldehyde) is formed in water treatment as a by-product of the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring organic material. This paper reviews the potential for the formation and removal of chloral hydrate in drinking water treatment processes.Two possible formation mechanisms for chloral hydrate are the reaction between amino acids and chlorine and the reaction between the aldehydes (formed when natural organic material is oxidised) and chlorine. Enhanced coagulation has the potential to reduce chloral hydrate levels in the treated water and to be the most efficient, convenient and cost effective method of reducing chloral hydrate levels in the treated water. www.iwaponline.com /jws/053/jws0530381.htm   (261 words)

Noctec Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Chloral Hydrate - RxList Monographs Chloral Hydrate Syrup, USP contains chloral hydrate, an effective sedative and hypnotic agent for oral administration. Chloral Hydrate is derived by combining a molecule of water with trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral). Chloral hydrate occurs as colorless or white, volatile, hygroscopic crystals very soluble in water and in olive oil and freely soluble in alcohol. www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/chloralhyd.htm   (161 words)

MedlinePlus Drug Information: Chloral Hydrate Chloral hydrate, a sedative, is used in the short-term treatment of insomnia (to help you fall asleep and stay asleep for a proper rest) and to relieve anxiety and induce sleep before surgery. Chloral hydrate comes as a capsule and liquid to take by mouth and as a suppository to insert rectally. Chloral hydrate can be habit-forming; do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or for a longer period than your doctor tells you to. www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682201.html   (770 words)

Chloral Hydrate - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest As a hypnotic chloral hydrate can help you to sleep, but should only be used as a short-term treatment for insomnia (difficulty sleeping). Chloral hydrate can be given before surgery or dental procedures, especially to children. If you are taking chloral hydrate regularly and miss a dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular schedule with the next dose. www.drugdigest.org /DD/PrintablePages/Monograph/0,7765,134|,00.html   (606 words)

ASA: Oral Pentobarbital Superior to Oral Chloral Hydrate for Infant Sedation for Radiology Procedures   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) In 1999, the radiology sedation protocol replaced chloral hydrate with oral pentobarbital for all infants less than 1 year of age. In the study, 985 children were sedated with oral pentobarbital and 331 with oral chloral hydrate. The mean dose of oral chloral hydrate was 50 mg/kg, and the mean dose of oral pentobarbital was 4 mg/kg. www.pslgroup.com /dg/23ca6e.htm   (547 words)

Information on Chloral Hydrate from Palo Alto Medical Foundation When chloral hydrate is prescribed by a doctor, it is taken as a syrup or soft gelatin capsule. A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn." This form of chloral hydrate is used in drug facilitated sexual assault, or "date rape". Chloral hydrate takes effect in about 30 minutes and will induce sleep in about an hour. www.pamf.org /teen/risk/drugs/daterape/chloralhydrate.html   (310 words)

allnurses.com Nursing for Nurses - View Single Post - chloral hydrate We give some kids chloral hydrate and they are 'out to lunch' for hours and hours but we routinely let them go home with parents in this condition. It could literally take many, many hours for the kid to wake up but it is my feeling that if we follow conscious sedation policy to the letter that these kids should stay in our ED until they are fully awake and back to baseline. It seems as if we treat chloral hydrate differently than we do other conscious sedation drugs and allow these kids to go home in their sedated state. allnurses.com /forums/20572-post3.html   (331 words)

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry - Search Articles / Publications The combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine is given frequently to anxious pediatric dental patients. administration of 32-, 64-, and 132-mg/kg doses of chloral hydrate; 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-mg/kg doses of hydroxyzine; or a chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine are additive or synergistic. www.aapd.org /searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=890   (184 words)

Lycaeum > Leda > Chloral hydrate A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous knockout drops or Mickey Finn. Synthesized Event ID Chloral hydrate was first synthesized by the Giessen chemistry professor Justus von Liebig. Abuse of Chloral Hydrate from the Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, Vol 4 (Jan, 1880) leda.lycaeum.org /Chemicals/Chloral_hydrate.457.shtml   (278 words)

Medical Dictionary: Chloral hydrate - WrongDiagnosis.com Chloral hydrate: A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. Chloral hydrate : hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia; the safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments; chemical formula CCL3CH(OH)2. www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/chloral_hydrate.htm   (288 words)

UW-Madison: University Health Services Chloral hydrate is a sedative used as a treatment for insomnia, a surgical sedative, and a post-surgery pain reliever. Chloral hydrate may be obtained with a prescription and is also easily made using common household chemicals. Homemade chloral hydrate is a clear liquid with a bitter taste. www.uhs.wisc.edu /display_story.jsp?id=546&cat_id=170   (230 words)

Club Drugs Chloral hydrate: A sedative, chloral hydrate can be swallowed in the liquid or capsule form or inserted into the rectum. The combination of chloral hydrate and alcohol, known as a Mickey Finn, produces rapid loss of consciousness. This action of placing chloral hydrate unknowingly into an alcoholic beverage is referred to as "slipping a Mickey." In addition to sedative brain effects, chloral hydrate also lowers a person's ability to breathe, irritates the gastrointestinal tract, and interrupts the normal beating of the heart. www.emedicinehealth.com /club_drugs/page8_em.htm   (281 words)

Glossary: Chloral hydrate Similar term(s): chloral monohydrate, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate, trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, crystaline chloral, hydrated chloral, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-ethanediol, and the tradenames: Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos or Noctec Chloral hydrate is a haloaldehyde, an organic compound. Chloral hydrate is formed [in drinking water] as a by-product of chlorination when chlorine reacts with humic acids (...). www.greenfacts.org /glossary/abc/chloral-hydrate.htm   (105 words)

Chloral Elixir, paediatric As chloral hydrate remains active in the body for many hours, drowsiness may occur the next day. When chloral hydrate is taken together with alcohol, fluoxetine or other sedating medicines, the sedative effects are increased. CHloral hydrate increases the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. www.netdoctor.co.uk /medicines/100000497.html   (406 words)

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