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Topic: Chloral hydrate

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Schedule IV

Hypnotic

Lorazepam

Mickey Finn

Rohypnol

Narcotic

PMMA

Acetonitrile

Tuinal

Benzodiazepine

Sedation

Barbiturate

Controlled substance

Insomnia

Aniline

	Chloral - LoveToKnow 1911
		Chloral is soluble in alcohol and ether, in less than its own weight of water, and in four times its weight of chloroform; it absorbs chlorine, and dissolves bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulphur.
		Chloral deliquesces in the air, and is converted by water into a hydrate, with evolution of heat; it combines with alcohols and mercaptans.
		Chloral hydrate has the property of checking the decomposition of a great number of albuminous substances, such as milk and meat; and a mixture of it with glycerin, according to J. Personne, is suitable for the preservation of anatomical preparations.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Chloral (1107 words)

	Chloral hydrate (CASRN 302-17-0), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Chloral hydrate caused concentration-dependent decreases in growth and differentiation and increases in the incidence of morphologically abnormal embryos.
		Chloral hydrate caused weak induction of meiotic recombination in the presence of metabolic activation and gene conversion in the absence of metabolic activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		(1994) Hepatic metabolism of chloral hydrate to free-radical(s) and induction of lipid peroxidation.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0304.htm (12602 words)

	CHLORAL AND CHLORAL HYDRATE
		Chloral is readily converted to chloral hydrate in the presence of water.
		Chloral hydrate increased the incidence of adenomas in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland in female mice only at the highest dose in one gavage study, but did not induce tumours of the pars distalis in male mice.
		Chloral hydrate is metabolized to trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol (which is converted to trichloroethyl glucuronide) and dichloroacetic acid in humans and in rodents.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol84/84-03-chlor-hydrate.html (564 words)

	Chloral Hydrate (Chloral Hydrate by RP Scherer) Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chloral hydrate also is used to promote conscious sedation during pediatric dental procedures, preoperatively to relieve anxiety and induce sedation, and postoperatively as an adjunct to analgesics or opiates.
		Chloral hydrate has been used as a routine sedative; however, its use has declined as a result of the development of safer and more effective agents.
		Chloral hydrate is reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver and by erythrocytes to the primary metabolite trichloroethanol, which has a plasma half-life of 8÷11 hours.
	www.rockford.uic.edu /jc/chloralh.htm (341 words)

	Guidelines for Chloral Hydrate
		Chloral hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate) is a hypnotic agent that has been used in physiological experimental in laboratory animals (particularly rodents).
		Chloral hydrate is generally considered to be a good hypnotic, but a poor analgesic—even at anesthetic doses.
		Trichloroethanol is the active hypnotic metabolite of chloral hydrate and is eliminated as trichloroethanol flucuronic acid.
	vetmed.duhs.duke.edu /guidelines_for_chloral_hydrate.htm (214 words)

	CHLORAL HYDRATE
		Chloral is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of the insecticides DDT, methoxychlor, naled, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos and the herbicide trichloroacetic acid (IARC, 1995).
		Chlorate hydrate could be released to the environment from wastewater treatment facilities, from the manufacture of pharmaceutical-grade chloral hydrate, and from the waste stream during the manufacture of insecticides and herbicides that use chloral as an intermediate.
		The half-life of chloral hydrate in the plasma was approximately 3 min.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad25.htm (15143 words)

	Chloral Hydrate is Safe and Effective for Patients Undergoing Echocardiography
		Chloral hydrate is a safe and effective agent in the sedation of children undergoing echocardiography for known or suspected heart disease.
		A study comparing propofol and chloral hydrate found that there was a 19% incidence of chloral hydrate causing excitement and 3% incidence of respiratory depression; the incidence of both of these adverse events for propofol were 0%.
		The AAP policy statement also raises concern that repetitive dosing of chloral hydrate is concerning due to the accumulation of metabolites which may produce excessive central nervous system depression, predispose newborns to conjugated and nonconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, decreased albumin binding of bilirubin and contribute to acidosis.
	www.med.umich.edu /pediatrics/ebm/cats/chydrate.htm (542 words)

	Chloral Hydrate
		A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn." At therapeutic doses, chloral hydrate has little effect on respiration and blood pressure; however; a toxic dose produces severe respiratory depression and very low blood pressure.
		Although some physicians consider chloral hydrate to be the drug of choice for sedation of children before diagnostic, dental, or medical procedures, its general use as a hypnotic has declined.
		Chloral hydrate (Noctec® and other) and compounds, preparations, or mixtures containing choral hydrate are in Schedule IV of the CSA.
	www.streetdrugs.org /chloral.htm (178 words)

	Chloral Hydrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		First synthesized in 1832, chloral hydrate was the first depressant developed for the specific purpose of inducing sleep.
		In the nineteenth century, however, chloral hydrate was often used by alcoholics whose sleep patterns had become disturbed by excessive drinking.
		Despite the abuse and mis-administration of the sedative, chloral hydrate did fulfill a need for a drug that would ease sleeplessness due to pain or insomnia and is considered a positive medical discovery.
	drugs.uta.edu /chloral.html (368 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Chloral Hydrate
		Chloral hydrate, a sedative, is used in the short-term treatment of insomnia (to help you fall asleep and stay asleep for a proper rest) and to relieve anxiety and induce sleep before surgery.
		Chloral hydrate comes as a capsule and liquid to take by mouth and as a suppository to insert rectally.
		Chloral hydrate can be habit-forming; do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or for a longer period than your doctor tells you to.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682201.html (792 words)

	Chloral hydrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor.
		A solution of chloral hydrate in alcohol is called "knockout drops" used in Mickey Finns.
		Chloral hydrate is a schedule IV controlled substance in the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chloral_hydrate (320 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Chloral Hydrate (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chloral hydrate has been used in the treatment of insomnia (trouble in sleeping) and to help calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of chloral hydrate in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
		Overdose of chloral hydrate is especially dangerous in children.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202123.html (1876 words)

	Lycaeum > Leda > Overview of Chloral Hydrate
		The danger of such a potent mixture and the highly addictive properties of chloral resulted in "two cravings for a single craving," as detailed in 1880 in the Quarterly Journal of Inebriety.
		Poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti (in the picture) became a virtual recluse after his wife Elizabeth Siddal died of a laudanum overdose, and his grief and guilt led to a debilitating addiction to chloral hydrate, which lasted until his death in 1882.
		Although chloral hydrate is still encountered today, its use has declined with the introduction of other barbiturates.
	leda.lycaeum.org /?ID=16757 (398 words)

	Abuse of Chloral Hydrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The persons who become habituated to chloral hydrate are of two or three classes, as a rule.
		Worn out with sleeplessness, and failing to find any relief that is satisfactory or safe in their false friend alcohol, they turn to chloral, and in it find for a season the oblivion which they desire and which they call rest.
		A third class of men who became habituated to the use of chloral are men of extremely nervous and excitable temperament, who by nature, and often by the labors in which they are occupied, become bad sleepers.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/History/e1880/abuseofchloralhydrate.htm (470 words)

	Chloral Hydrate - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Chloral Hydrate, an organic chemical in long use as a sedative-hypnotic drug.
		Related to chloroform, chloral hydrate is not as strong as some of the...
		Water is one of the best-known ionizing agents (Ionization).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Chloral_Hydrate.html (130 words)

	Information on Chloral Hydrate from Palo Alto Medical Foundation
		When chloral hydrate is prescribed by a doctor, it is taken as a syrup or soft gelatin capsule.
		A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn." This form of chloral hydrate is used in drug facilitated sexual assault, or "date rape".
		Chloral hydrate takes effect in about 30 minutes and will induce sleep in about an hour.
	www.pamf.org /teen/risk/drugs/daterape/chloralhydrate.html (310 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Chloral hydrate - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Chloral hydrate: A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia.
		The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments.
		Chloral hydrate : hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia; the safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments; chemical formula CCL3CH(OH)2.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/chloral_hydrate.htm (316 words)

	Noctec Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Chloral Hydrate - RxList Monographs
		Chloral Hydrate Syrup, USP contains chloral hydrate, an effective sedative and hypnotic agent for oral administration.
		Chloral Hydrate is derived by combining a molecule of water with trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral).
		Chloral hydrate occurs as colorless or white, volatile, hygroscopic crystals very soluble in water and in olive oil and freely soluble in alcohol.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/chloralhyd.htm (161 words)

	Lycaeum > Leda > Chloral hydrate
		A solution of chloral hydrate and alcohol constituted the infamous knockout drops or Mickey Finn.
		Synthesized Event ID Chloral hydrate was first synthesized by the Giessen chemistry professor Justus von Liebig.
		Abuse of Chloral Hydrate from the Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, Vol 4 (Jan, 1880)
	leda.lycaeum.org /Chemicals/Chloral_hydrate.457.shtml (278 words)

	Glossary: Chloral hydrate
		Similar term(s): chloral monohydrate, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate, trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, crystaline chloral, hydrated chloral, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-dihydroxyethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-ethanediol, and the tradenames: Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos or Noctec
		Chloral hydrate is a haloaldehyde, an organic compound.
		Chloral hydrate is formed [in drinking water] as a by-product of chlorination when chlorine reacts with humic acids (...).
	www.greenfacts.org /glossary/abc/chloral-hydrate.htm (105 words)

	Chloral Hydrate - Patient UK
		Chloral Hydrate is used to treat insomnia (difficulty sleeping).
		Chloral Hydrate is available in tablet and oral liquid form.
		Chloral Hydrate is only recommended for short term use.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/30002871 (623 words)

	Chloral Hydrate Rectal - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Chloral hydrate can be given before surgery or dental procedures, especially to children.
		Federal law prohibits the transfer of chloral hydrate to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed.
		While you are using chloral hydrate, do not take any medicines for hay fever, allergies, or pain without asking your prescriber or health care professional for advice.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/PrintablePages/Monograph/0,7765,1007\|,00.html (497 words)

	Chloral Hydrate (Systemic)
		Chloral hydrate passes into the breast milk and may cause drowsiness in babies of mothers using this medicine.
		The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of chloral hydrate.
		Also, the number of doses you use each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you use the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using chloral hydrate.
	allnutritionals.com /drugs/c/chloralhydrate-systemic.shtml (1892 words)

	Chloral hydrate seized, 2 held- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		hyderabad:the police on friday arrested two persons and seized 1,150 kg of chloral hydrate worth about rs 3 lakh from their possession.
		according to a press release, enquiries revealed that the duo act as frontmen for anand goud alias nandu of chikoti gardens, begumpet, who is the major supplier of cholral hydrate to toddy sellers in hyderabad, ranga reddy and medak districts.
		the police conducted a raid at nanduâs godown at balanagar and seized choral hydrate packed in 32 barrels.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow.asp?art_id=1979139745 (208 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 75876 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When released to water, the predominant reaction will be that with water to form chloral hydrate.
		to form chloral hydrate, this reaction should occur on contact with moisture in the air.
		hydrate, it is probable that it was this latter compound which was in the water and that the
	www.speclab.com /compound/c75876.htm (559 words)

	Migrainepage Discussion Forum - "Chloral Hydrate"
		My previous neurologist prescribed chloral hydrate for me as an abortive for my migraines.
		He thought it was the greatest medication there is! Cloral hydrate also comes in a pill form.
		my 3 year old son is going into the hospital tomorrow for a hearing test and will be given chloral hydrate sedation.
	www.migrainepage.com /dcforum/discussion/7705.html (569 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Sedative-Hypnotics : Article by Jeffrey S Cooper, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chloral hydrate: The lethal dose is 10 g and a concentration higher than 100 mcg/mL is toxic.
		Consider hemodialysis or hemoperfusion in glutethimide, methyprylon, phenobarbital, meprobamate, and chloral hydrate poisoning.
		Chloral hydrate sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines, and propranolol blocks this effect.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic525.htm (1998 words)

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