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Topic: Chlordane

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	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Chlordane
		Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988.
		Chlordane entered the environment when it was used as a pesticide on crops, on lawns and gardens, and to control termites.
		Chlordane sticks strongly to soil particles at the surface and is not likely to enter groundwater.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts31.html (922 words)

	NRDC: Healthy Milk, Healthy Baby - Chlordane
		Chlordane has been used as an agricultural pesticide on such crops as corn and citrus, and is often used on home lawns and gardens.
		Chlordane was once used widely in the United States and Japan, but it was banned in 1986 in Japan and in 1988 in the United States, and is no longer manufactured for export in either country.
		The chlordane in these fish probably originated in distant countries and was carried to the Baltic sea in water runoff and in the air.
	www.nrdc.org /breastmilk/chem1.asp (2192 words)

	Chlordane
		The oral LD50 for chlordane in rats is 200 to 700 mg/kg, in mice is 145 to 430 mg/kg, in rabbits is 20 to 300 mg/kg, and in hamsters is 1720 mg/kg.
		Chlordane does not chemically degrade and is not subject to biodegradation in soils.
		Chlordane molecules usually remain adsorbed to clay particles or to soil organic matter in the top soil layers and slowly volatilize into the atmosphere.
	www.the-piedpiper.co.uk /th13(k).htm (824 words)

	Chlordane
		Because chlordane is very persistent bioaccumulates in organisms and the environment, it remains present in the environment for a period of time (9).
		Chlordane molecules usually remain adsorbed to clay particles or to soil organic matter in the top soil layers and slowly volatilize into the atmosphere (11).
		Chlordane decomposes in the presence of weak alkaline reagents and should not be formulated with any solvent, carrier, diluent or emulsifier which is alkaline.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/chlordane-ext.html (2341 words)

	Chlordane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chlordane is a man-made chemical that was used as a pesticide in the U.S. from 1948 to 1988.
		In soil, chlordane attaches strongly to particles in the upper layers of soil and is unlikely to enter into the groundwater.
		Chlordane breaks down in the atmosphere by reacting with light and with some chemicals in the atmosphere.
	ag.arizona.edu /~jmatlaga/Chlordane.html (271 words)

	RAIS: Chlordane (57-74-9)
		Chlordane was used extensively as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988.
		Chlordane has been detected more frequently in the blood (mean of 2.2 ppm) of pesticide applicators who wore respirators than those not wearing respirators, indicating that dermal absorption is important because applicators wearing respirators tended to spray much larger amounts of the chemical (Saito et al., 1986).
		Chlordane concentrations of 0.005-0.137 mg/kg have been measured in human placenta (Al-Omar et al., 1986) indicating that distribution to the fetus is possible.
	rais.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/chlordan.shtml (4241 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - CHLORDANE
		The oral LD50 for chlordane in rats is 200 to 700 mg/kg, in mice is 145 to 430 mg/kg, in rabbits is 20 to 300 mg/kg, and in hamsters is 1720 mg/kg [2,9].
		Despite its persistence, chlordane has a low potential for groundwater contamination because it is both insoluble in water and rapidly binds to soil particles making it highly immobile within the soil [14].
		Chlordane molecules usually remain adsorbed to clay particles or to soil organic matter in the top soil layers and slowly volatilize into the atmosphere [14,20].
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/chlordan.htm (1512 words)

	Toxic Reduction and Control Chlordane Fact Sheet
		Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that is used as a pesticide.
		People may be storing chlordane because they don't know how to get rid of it or they may still use it around their foundations to get rid of termites.
		Also, there is data that shows that when chlordane is used around foundations to control termites, the chlordane migrates from soil under slab construction houses into the air ducts in the home that are used to send heat or air through homes.
	www.mwra.state.ma.us /03sewer/trac/trac_chlordane.htm (325 words)

	658. Chlordane (Pesticide residues in food: 1984 evaluations) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chlordane residues were detected in 1-3 percent (average 1.8 percent) of the samples of carcase fat from animals with a limit of detection of 0.02 mg/kg.
		Chlordane residues were detected in 0.1-0.7 percent (average 0.36 percent) of the samples analysed of carcase fat from poultry.
		RECOMMENDATIONS Chlordane is still in use in some countries for the treatment of vegetables and cereals, and monitoring data have proved that residues are present, although in a limited number of samples, especially of vegetables and animal products.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v84pr12.htm (947 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Consumer Factsheet on: CHLORDANE
		Chlordane is a viscous liquid, colorless to amber, with a slight chlorine-like aromatic odor.
		The amount of chlordane used annually in the US prior to 1983 was estimated in 1985 to be greater that 3.6 million pounds.
		Chlordane has a great tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms, but there is evidence that this is reversible once exposure is stopped.
	www.epa.gov /safewater/contaminants/dw_contamfs/chlordan.html (851 words)

	Homes Treated with the Pesticide Chlordane Sicken's Families
		To determine if chlordane was in fact causing neurological problems, the test scores of the chlordane exposed adults were compared to the test scores of 94 women and 68 men from Houston, known not to have been exposed to chlordane.
		Chlordane is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide introduced in 1948 and considered to act as a toxicant with many of the signs and symptoms of poisoning like those produced by DDT...
		Chlordane exposure has been shown to reduce by-half the levels of some hormones in female test animals, although scientists are not sure if this is the actual reason for the weight gain being observed or if it is due to another reason such as alterations in the areas of the brain which control body weight.
	members.tripod.com /airtech/chlordane.htm (4185 words)

	737. Chlordane (Pesticide residues in food: 1986 evaluations Part II Toxicology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		CHLORDANE EXPLANATION Chlordane was evaluated for acceptable daily intake by the Joint Meeting in 1963, and reviewed in 1970, 1977, and 1982 (Annex 1, FAO/WHO, 1964, 1965a, 1968a, 1971a, 1978a, and 1983a).
		Chlordane had no apparent effect on the clinical condition of the treated mice, and their mortality was unaffected.
		Termite-control operators with a high probability of exposure to chlordane and hepatochlor were identified among a cohort of 16,126 male pesticide applicators employed in the period January 1968 to September 30, 1981.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v86pr03.htm (3435 words)

	Illinois Fish Advisory - SPECIAL MERCURY ADVISORY
		Chlordane is a man-made pesticide that was used in the United States from 1948 to 1988.
		Chlordane stays in the environment for a long time, but it is unlikely to contaminate surface water bodies because it is insoluble in water and quickly binds to soil particles.
		Chlordane is no longer used in the U.S. Other, less toxic, pesticides are being used to kill termites, agricultural pests and home garden pests.
	www.idph.state.il.us /envhealth/fishadv/fishadvisory_qa_chl.htm (654 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Chlordane
		Chlordane is a man-made chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988.
		Chlordane is still commonly found in some form in the fat of fish, birds, mammals, and almost all humans.
		Chlordane remains in the food supply because much of the farmland was treated with chlordane in the 1960s and 1970s, and it remains in some soil for over 20 years.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs31.html (2664 words)

	Chlordane: A pre-1988 Homeowner's Nightmare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chlordane was the pesticide used to prevent or eliminate termites during the 1950's, 60's, 70's and 80's.
		Chlordane is such a highly toxic and persistent chemical that homes treated 20-30 years ago are still showing unsafe levels of chlordane in the indoor air.
		The problem occurs because the hundreds of gallons of chlordane underneath the home are slowly evaporating, rising through cracks in the foundation or around plumbing pipes and entering the home.
	www.chem-tox.com /chlordane/introduction.htm (524 words)

	WDNR - Chlordane
		Chlordane is associated with liver tumors in different strains of laboratory mice (USEPA 1998).
		Chlordane’s acute toxicity has been reported as moderately toxic to birds and highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates and fish as well as highly toxic to amphibians and reptiles.
		Chlordane is regulated as hazardous air pollutants (NR 445 Wisc. Adm.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /environmentprotect/pbt/chemicals/chlordane.htm (698 words)

	An Evaluation of Chlordane
		Chlordane is a man-made mixture of chemicals that was widely used as an insecticide in the United States (U.S.).
		Chlordane was used extensively as an insecticide in the U.S., from its introduction in 1947, through the 1980s.
		Chlordane caused an increase in the incidence of liver cancer in male and female mice and thyroid cancer in female rats when it was fed to these laboratory animals over long periods of time.
	envirocancer.cornell.edu /factsheet/Pesticide/fs11.chlordane.cfm (2048 words)

	edie news centre - Hazardous chemical found in foods years after being banned
		Technical chlordane, a synthetic pesticide made up of 147 different components, was once widely used at high concentrations in gardens and commercial farms throughout the US and Mexico.
		The study, which is the first to examine plant absorption of aged chlordane, found that 12 of the vegetables studied absorbed some of the compound.
		Tomatoes, peppers and corn took in some chlordane at the roots, but did not transfer it to the edible portion of the vegetables.
	www.edie.net /news/news_story.asp?id=2661 (569 words)

	Chlordane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chlordane is listed as a toxic chemical under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act; estimates of releases of existing chlordane into the air, water or land must be reported annually and entered into the national Toxic Release Inventory.
		Chlordane is very persistent in the environment, resisting chemical and biological degradation into harmless substances.
		During 1987, before the use of chlordane was banned, 2,614 pounds of the pesticide were released into the air, according to a recent report by the National Wildlife Federation.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/chemical/chlordan.htm (771 words)

	Green Left - *US exports banned pesticides
		A 1987 EPA review of chlordane noted that the agency was not able to establish a level at which chlordane exposure did not cause tumour formation because "these effects often occurred at the lowest dose levels tested".
		Chlordane is bio-accumulative and persistent, and is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and birds.
		Firms receiving chlordane and heptachlor in Singapore and the Netherlands serve as formulators, adding the "inert" or carrying ingredients, whose weight would add too much to the cost of the initial shipment to be economical.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1995/207/11007 (790 words)

	Chlordane (HSG 13, 1988) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Chlordane is available in five basic formulations, including 5% granules, oil solutions containing chlordane at 2-200 g/litre, and emulsifiable concentrates containing chlordane at 400-800 g/litre.
		Chlordane is persistent in soil and sediments, especially in the form of its alpha- and gamma-isomers, which are, to a certain extent, translocated into crops grown on the soil.
		Chlordane is not readily decomposed chemically or biologically and is relatively persistent.
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg013.htm (3976 words)

	Chlordane
		Chlordane is an insecticide used in fire ant control, on lawns, and on a variety of crops.
		Chlordane is moderately toxic according to the scale of Hodge and Sterner (1956).
		Chlordane was correlated with bronchitis, sinusitis, and migraines when houses were treated for termites.
	www.chem.unep.ch /gpa_trial/13chlo.htm (756 words)

	Steve Tvedten's interview on termite control and chlordane on CBS
		Chlordane has been for over 40 years the chemical of choice to kill termites.
		He uses a chemical which is considered safer than chlordane, but it's applied in exactly the same way, injected into the soil and into holes drilled on the inside and the outside of the house.
		Ferrugia: One of the properties of chlordane is that it actually stays in the soil.
	www.getipm.com /news/chlordane-tv.html (2058 words)

	Chlordane [factsheet]
		Chlordane may be found in the air in these homes for many years after treatment; indoor air in treated homes contains an average of 0.002 mg/m
		Chlordane remains in the food supply today because much of the farmland in the United States was treated with chlordane in the 1960s and 1970s, and it remains in the soil for over 20 years.
		In 1988, all approved uses of chlordane in the United States were canceled.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/CHLORDANE.HTML (1217 words)

	Many Illnesses Suspected for People Living in Chlordane Pesticide Treated Homes
		A study of 261 people who were either living or had lived in homes with higher air chlordane levels were found to have nearly three-times more respiratory illnesses, including sinusitis (infection of the sinuses) and bronchitis.
		This is why the links between chlordane and asthma are particularly disheartening, as it implies this chemical could very well be involved in causing many cases of this increasing health problem.
		Chlordane has also been linked to causing leukemia and brain cancer in children along with other blood abnormalities (7).
	www.ncchem.com /chlordane.htm (3616 words)

	Millions of adults and children are developing serious health problmes by living in homes previously treated with the ...
		Doctors and scientists who are knowledgeable on the chlordane problem state millions of adults and children are becoming sick by living in homes built before April, 1988 (the period when chlordane, originally developed by Monsanto, was allowed to be used).
		Chlordane was the primary termite prevention pesticide used in over 30 million U.S. homes between the mid 1950's and 1988.
		Chlordane exposure has been shown to reduce by-half the levels of some hormones in female test animals, however, scientists are unsure if this is the actual reason for the weight gain being observed or if it is due to another reason such as changes in the areas of the brain which control body weight.
	www.chem-tox.com /chlordane/default.htm (4264 words)

	Chlordane
		The toxic effects in rats resulting from daily gastric intubation of chlordane at doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, or 200 mg/kg for 15 days were histologic changes in the liver of the treated animals at all dose levels and central nervous system effects at higher dose levels.
		Chlordane may pose a significant health risk of chronic liver effects to occupants of structures treated with chlordane for termite control.
		Chlordane may have a potential for contaminating surface water; thus, a special study is required to delineate this potential.
	www.instantref.com /chlordan.htm (3190 words)

	TRIO \| Plus de chlordane en AmÃ©rique du Nord - Printemps 2003
		Le chlordane est un polluant organique persistant qui a souvent été utilisé comme pesticide.
		Le fait que le Mexique avait déjà commencé à restreindre l’utilisation du chlordane et que, en 1997 l’usage de ce produit avait été limité à la répression des termites en milieu urbain, essentiellement dans les habitations, a également facilité les choses.
		Pour la première fois, on a réalisé des études sur l’utilisation du chlordane au Mexique, de même que sur les effets de cette substance sur les oiseaux, les poissons et les vers, et ce, grâce à un soutien technique et à une aide financière limitée.
	www.cec.org /trio/stories/index.cfm?varlan=francais&ed=9&ID=111 (1414 words)

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