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Topic: Chlorine gas

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	Chlorine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chlorine gas is diatomic with the formula Cl It combines readily with nearly all other elements, although it is not as extremely reactive as fluorine.
		In nature, chlorine is found mainly as the chloride ion, a component of the salt that is deposited in the earth or dissolved in the oceans—about 1.9% of the mass of seawater is chloride ions.
		Chlorine is used extensively in organic and inorganic chemistry as an oxidizing agent and in substitution reactions because chlorine often imparts many desired properties to an organic compound when it is substituted for hydrogen (as in synthetic rubber production) because of its high electron affinity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chlorine (1598 words)

	First World War.com - Weapons of War - Poison Gas
		The Germans' use of chlorine gas provoked immediate widespread condemnation, and certainly damaged German relations with the neutral powers, including the U.S. The gas attacks were placed to rapid propaganda use by the British although they planned to respond in kind.
		Raising Special Gas Companies in the wake of the Germans' April attack (of approximately 1,400 men) operating under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Foulkes, instructions were given to prepare for a gas attack at Loos in September 1915.
		Gas never turned out to be the weapon that turned the tide of the war, as was often predicted.
	www.firstworldwar.com /weaponry/gas.htm (1737 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Chlorine
		Chlorine is a yellow-green, noncombustible gas with a pungent, irritating odor.
		Chlorine gas is highly corrosive when it contacts moist tissues such as the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract.
		Chlorine is also used widely as a chemical reagent in the synthesis and manufacture of metallic chlorides, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg172.html (4007 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Chlorine Gas : Article Excerpt by: Eli Segal, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Background: Chlorine gas is a pulmonary irritant with intermediate water solubility that causes acute damage in the upper and lower respiratory tract.
		Chlorine gas was first used as a chemical weapon at Ypres, France, in 1915.
		The early response to chlorine exposure depends on the (1) concentration of chlorine gas, (2) duration of exposure, (3) water content of the tissues exposed, and (4) individual susceptibility.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-chlorine-gas.htm (576 words)

	Chlorine (Cl2) (cl2) - Properties, Purity and Packaging, including electronic and UHP grades - Chlorine is a clear ...
		Chlorine is a toxic, corrosive, greenish yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system; it is two and a half times heavier than air.
		Chlorine gas, a poison, was the first gas used in chemical warfare in World War I. It causes suffocation, constriction of the chest, tightness in the throat, and edema of the lungs.
		Chlorine and its compounds are used extensively for bleaching in the paper and textile industries, for disinfecting municipal water supplies, for household bleaches and germicides, and for the production of many organic and inorganic chemicals.
	www.c-f-c.com /specgas_products/chlorine.htm (734 words)

	CDC \| Facts About Chlorine
		Chlorine is sometimes in the form of a poisonous gas.
		Chlorine gas can be pressurized and cooled to change it into a liquid so that it can be shipped and stored.
		Chlorine gas can be recognized by its pungent, irritating odor, which is like the odor of bleach.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/chlorine/basics/facts.asp (1065 words)

	Chlorine Gas Generator Process – parts, operation, maintenance and installation.
		Chlorine gas generated from the anode compartment is swept under vacuum by the venturi ejector into the water supply.
		The discharge from the vacuum ejectors is highly chlorinated water in the form of hypochlorous acid and/or hypochlorite ion.
		Assuming a 7 lb chlorine cycle per cell, the amount of sodium hydroxide produced from the cell is approximately 8.5 gallons.
	www.chlorine-generator.com /Process.html (2119 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Chlorine
		The general population is probably not exposed to chlorine gas, but may be exposed to products which are made from chlorine like sodium hypochlorite which is used as a disinfectant in public drinking water and swimming pools and as a common household bleach.
		Chlorine gas is used to synthesize other chemicals and to make bleaches and disinfectants.
		The EPA has set a limit for drinking water of 4 milligrams of chlorine per liter of water (4 mg/L) and also recommends that levels of chlorine in lakes and streams be limited to 10 mg/L to prevent possible human health effects from drinking water or eating fish contaminated with this chemical.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts172.html (1088 words)

	Poison Gases
		The Germans first used chlorine gas cylinders in April 1915 when it was employed against the French Army at Ypres.
		One disadvantage for the side that launched chlorine gas attacks was that it made the victim cough and therefore limited his intake of the poison.
		Other fellows with gas helmets on, looking very frightened in the half-light, were lifting timber off me and one was forcing a gas helmet on me. Even when you were all right, to wear a gas helmet was uncomfortable, your nose pinched, sucking air through a canister of chemicals.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWgas.htm (2095 words)

	Chlorine Gas
		When the gas arrived at the Allied front-trenches soldiers began to complain about pains in the chests and a burning sensation in their throats.
		Chlorine gas destroyed the respiratory organs of its victims and this led to a slow death by asphyxiation.
		After the first German chlorine gas attacks, Allied troops were supplied with masks of cotton pads that had been soaked in urine.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWchlorine.htm (1376 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Pesticides; Chlorine Gas
		Chlorine is acutely toxic through all routes and meets the triggers for restricted use classification in 40 CFR 152.170 for all uses.
		Chlorine gas is a highly toxic gas for which specialized equipment and procedures exist.
		Chlorine is one of the few pesticides with reported deaths that is not currently restricted use.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/September/Day-18/p23940.htm (2900 words)

	Chemical Fact Sheets -- Chlorine
		Chlorine is a poisonous, greenish-yellow gas described as having a choking odor.
		Chlorine is added in small amounts to some municipal water supplies when bacteria contamination threatens public health.
		Liquid chlorine bleach and its vapors (at levels of 3-6 ppm in air) are irritating to eyes.
	www.dhfs.state.wi.us /eh/ChemFS/fs/chlorine.htm (825 words)

	Chlorine Generator Chlorinator - Chlorine gas from salt.
		Use the chlorine for your swimming pool, laundry, municipal or home well, waste treatment facility, feedlot stock tank, dairy process, brewery, cooling tower, recycled wash water, and reflection pond.
		a saltwater chlorinator where you add tons of salt to your swimming pool water, corrode the pool light fixture, and zap the very water you are swimming in with electricity.
		Our system produces chlorine gas that is vacuumed out of the cell into a stream of water that carries the concentrated chlorine solution to your application.
	www.chlorine-generator.com (468 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Chlorine Gas : Article by Eli Segal, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Acids formed by the chlorine gas reaction with the conjunctival mucous membranes are buffered, in part, by the tear film and the proteins present in tears.
		In animal models of chlorine gas toxicity, immediate respiratory arrest occurs at 2000 ppm, with the lethal concentration for 50% of exposed animals in the range of 800-1000 ppm.
		Chlorine gas is one of the most common single, irritant, inhalation exposures, occupationally and environmentally.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic851.htm (3632 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Armory: Gas Warfare
		Gas was a nuisance, a crippling nuisance, often only wounding and causing widespread panic instead of outright killing.
		The cannister gas mask was developed to protect the soldier from the use of chlorine gas and tearing agents such as xylyl bromide.
		Gas was invented (and very successfully used) as a terror weapon meant to instill confusion and panic among the enemy prior to an offensive.
	www.worldwar1.com /arm006.htm (1180 words)

	Chlorine
		The gas is bubbled through water to remove any traces of hydrochloric gas that may be present and then it is dried by bubbling it through concentrated sulphuric acid.
		Chlorine is manufactured industrially as a by-product in the manufacture of Caustic Soda by the electrolysis of brine.
		Chlorine is soluble in water (which solution is called Chlorine Water) and this loses its yellow colour on standing in sunlight, due to the formation of a mixture of Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrochloric Acid.
	www.ucc.ie /academic/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem017.html (775 words)

	Chlorine Microscale Gas Experiments
		Stop the gas generation after the syringe is full by removing the latex syringe cap while it is directed upwards.
		Chlorine gas from a syringe can be used to test color fast fabrics.
		Chlorine is highest in the 'activity series' and is the most readily reduced.
	mattson.creighton.edu /Cl2 (2510 words)

	World War I, The Use of Poison Gas
		The German Army dispersed chlorine gas over Allied lines at Ypres on 22 April 1915.
		Whatever gas it is, it spreads rapidly and remains close to the ground.
		Some chemical in the composition of those shells produced violent watering of the eyes, so that the men overcome by them were practically blinded for some hours.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1915/chlorgas.html (846 words)

	Chlorine Gas - Water Dispersers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Systematix disperser provides high velocity aspirating action for extremely fine dispersion of chlorine gas in a water media.
		This fine dispersion increases the total surface area of the chlorine gas bubbles, promoting rapid and complete reaction of the chlorine with the stock.
		Illustration right: Cut away diagram of the Chlorine Gas-Water Disperser with solid Kynar nozzle and throat in place.
	www.systematixcontrols.com /index_files/Page548.htm (150 words)

	Chlorine Gas Detectors Gas Detection Sensors : SO2 / Ammonia
		Chlorine Gas Detectors : Gas Detection Sensors : SO2 and Ammonia
		The Series GA-170 Gas Alarm system provides a reliable and simple solution for gas detection applications.
		The modular design can integrate with a variety of gas sensors with up to four sensors per alarm.
	www.globaltreat.com /gasdetect.html (74 words)

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