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Topic: Chloroethene

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	Continued Biodegradation of Chloroethene Compounds in Ground Water at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, ...
		Chloroethene concentrations in ground water discharging to the 100-foot long reach in the southern part of the marsh between sites S-4 and S-6 were at least 300 times greater than concentrations in ground water discharging elsewhere in the marsh (table 3).
		Of the 72 g/d of chloroethene flux measured at the landfill transect during 2004, only 13 percent (9.3 g/d) migrated and discharged to surface water in the marsh; therefore, the total chloroethene flux was reduced by 87 percent due to biodegradation in the upper aquifer.
		The accuracy of estimated chloroethene fluxes to surface water presented in table 4 was evaluated by comparing those estimates to an independent estimate of chloroethene flux to surface water in the southern part of the marsh.
	pubs.usgs.gov /sir/2006/5056/section6.html (4906 words)

	History and Ecology of Chloroethene Biodegradation-A Review
		The biodegradation of chloroethene compounds has been investigated extensively since these compounds were first identified in the late 1970s as common contaminants in ground water at hazardous-waste sites.
		Today, biodegradation is viewed as an essential component of remediation of chloroethene plumes, and several microbial mechanisms for biodegradation of chloroethenes have been identified.
		Recent advances in the scientific understanding of mechanisms responsible for anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation of chloroethenes are summarized in a readily accessible format for environmental cleanup professionals.
	toxics.usgs.gov /highlights/chloroethene_biodeg_hist.html (390 words)

	Concurrent production of trichloroethane isomers - Patent 5315052
		The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the moles of said molecular chlorine to said the sum of the moles of said chloroethene and the moles of said 1,1-dichloroethane introduced to said reactor is in the range of from 0.3:1 to 2.5:1.
		The addition of molecular chlorine to chloroethene in the liquid phase to produce 1,1,2-trichloroethane is known; the reaction may proceed by an ionic path when a metal catalyst such as FeCl.sub.3 is used, or by a radical path.
		For example, it was known that the rate of chlorination of chloroethene is about 35 to 100 times the rate of chlorination of 1,1-dichloroethane but it was unknown whether the chloroethene would preferentially utilize free radicals to an extent that the chlorination of 1,1-dichloroethane would be quenched or unacceptably reduced.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5315052.html (3563 words)

	Third Leg Consultants - Green Engineering for Contaminated Property Resotoration and Reuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The second benefit is the oxidation of chloroethene contaminants and the generation of biologically beneficial effects from the oxidation process.
		It is now possible to select site-specific, interdisciplinary measurement parameters for the destruction of chloroethene contaminants that had previously been associated with separate (i.e., abiotic and biotic) technologic approaches to the remediation of the environment.
		This poster illustrates a conceptual model for the selection of an interdisciplinary approach for the destruction of chloroethenes that involves the sequential application of (abiotic) direct oxidation by potassium permanganate, followed by an anaerobic, microbial-based (biotic) remedial measure.
	www.thirdlegconsultants.com /ers/2003_poster.html (2611 words)

	Anti-bacterial chopping board - Patent 5433424
		A chopping board of the present invention is formed in a manner that synthetic rubber (NBR) and hard chloroethene as a basis are kneaded into a mixture wherein an anti-bacterial agent is mixed.
		The mixture thus obtained is agitated under kneading by a kneader exclusively for rubber and then a ceramic power and an inorganic anti bacterial agent are mixed with the kneaded mixture so as to mold the chopping board.
		The present invention relates to an anti-bacterial chopping boaard wherein synthetic rubber(NBR) and hard chloroethene as a basis are kneaded and further an anti-bacterial agent is mixed therewith and a method of manufacturing the same.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5433424.html (2040 words)

	De Novo Formation of Chloroethyne in Soil
		Although our previous work (21) has shown that chloroethene (vinyl chloride) is naturally formed in soil, the mechanism of formation has not yet been clarified.
		The mass spectrometric response is determined by the ionization cross section for 70 eV electrons and the relative abundance of those ions in the spectrum that are selected for quantitation.
		The similarity between the spectrum of halogenated volatiles produced in laboratory experiments and that which is found in soil air may support the idea of catechol being the key substrate in these reactions.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/esthag/2006/40/i01/html/es0513279.html (3515 words)

	Natural Bioattenuation of Chloroethenes in Aquifers
		The corresponding chloroethene concentration was determined as shown by arrows on plot.
		Finally, chloroethene concentration is the same or higher in the deep zone in November and December, but lower in shallow zone at the same time.
		From these data, we developed the hypothesis that chloroethene is co-oxidized by methane oxidizing microorganisms in the shallow zone as lake activity increases.
	cee.engin.umich.edu /research/adriaens/Bioattenuation (1974 words)

	NA99Summary report
		2-Propenamide, polymer with chloroethene and ethene is intended to be used as a component of flame retardant adhesives for laminating paper and foil.
		The estimated quantity of 2-propenamide, polymer with chloroethene and ethene to be imported into Australia is up to 100 tonnes per year for the first five years.
		The notified polymer is imported as a 50% water emulsion and, as such, is a free-flowing, white liquid with a sweet odour at ambient temperature and pressure.
	www.nicnas.gov.au /PUBLICATIONS/CAR/NEW/NA/NASUMMR/NA0000SR/na99.asp (638 words)

	AUFBAU1 [ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: POLY(CHLOROETHENE)]
		A particularly versatile addition polymer is poly(chloroethene), commonly known as PVC (polyvinylchloride), which is formed from the monomer chloroethene.
		The monomer chloroethene is manufactured in two steps from ethene: C
		The addition reaction of fluorine with chloroethene produces a CFC (i.e., a chlorofluorocarbon).
	www.wissensdrang.com /auf1pvc.htm (436 words)

	ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL OXIDATION OF CHLOROETHENE CONTAMINANTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a component of natural attenuation or in combination with engineered efforts, microbial degradation is often a crucial contributor to in situ remediation efforts at chloroethene contaminated landfills.
		Laboratory and field investigations have identified a number of mechanisms for anaerobic microbial degradation of chloroethenes and the conditions under which these mechanisms are favored.
		These findings indicate that the microbial ecology of chloroethene contaminants in the environment is diverse and that a comprehensive understanding of the anaerobic oxidative degradation pathways and the circumstances under which they occur is necessary to effectively incorporate microbial degradation as a remedial component.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_42444.htm (284 words)

	Vinyl Chloride \| VinylChloride.org
		Vinyl chloride is also known as chloroethene, chloroethylene, ethylene monochloride, and monochloroethylene.
		Vinyl chloride is also known as chloroethene, chloroethylene, and ethylene monochloride.
		If you or someone you know has worked with vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride and developed brain cancer, liver cancer lung cancer or angiosarcoma, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries.
	www.vinylchloride.org /vinyl-chloride.html (553 words)

	Simulating a Field Case of Reactive Chloroethene Transport with the Multigrid Method (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abstract: In this paper, the simulation of a bio-chemical in situ remediation approach is discussed.
		We consider a eld case of a contaminant plume consisting of dissolved chloroethenes.
		Thus, an in situ remediation is anticipated, where the dechlorination and mineralization of the chloroethenes is stimulated by a sequence of aerobic and anaerobic treatments.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /wagner00simulating.html (545 words)

	Microbial Degradation of Chloroethenes in Ground Water Systems
		The chloroethenes, tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE), are among the most common contaminants detected in ground water systems.
		As recently as 1980, the consensus was that chloroethene compounds were not significantly biodegradable in ground-water.
		Consequently, efforts to remediate chloroethene contaminated ground water were limited to largely unsuccessful pump and treat attempts.
	toxics.usgs.gov /sites/solvents/chloroethene.html (447 words)

	SiREM Labs - Bioaugmentation and KB-1™ FAQ
		Whereas, environments exposed to chloroethenes over several decades that have lower permeability, slow moving or stagnant groundwater with higher natural organic content are more likely to possess native Dehalococcoides species.
		A sparse or low population density of indigenous Dehalococcoides may require a long period to grow to a sufficient concentration to efficiently and quickly convert the chloroethenes to ethene.
		The extent of migration and activity of migrating cells is likely dependent on the distribution of electron donor and chloroethenes.
	www.siremlab.com /kb1bioaugmentationfaq.html (877 words)

	Molecular Analysis of Dehalococcoides 16S Ribosomal DNA from Chloroethene-Contaminated Sites throughout North America ...
		Chloroethene solvents were previously believed to be resistant
		Chloroethene and ethene contents were determined by using a
		Correlation of DHC PCR assay response with chloroethene dechlorination.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/2/485 (7307 words)

	1,2-Dichloroethane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known by its old name of ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, mainly used to produce vinyl chloride monomer (VCM, chloroethene), the major precursor for PVC production.
		C=CH + Cl → Cl-CH -Cl In subsequent reactions, notably to vinyl chloride (chloroethene), hydrogen chloride is formed and re-used in a copper(II) chloride catalysed reaction, to also produce 1,2-dichloroethane from ethene and oxygen.
		With approximately 80% of the world's consumption of 1,2-dichloroethane, the major application is in the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM, chloroethene), which is the precursor to polyvinyl chloride under the formation of hydrogen chloride.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1,2-Dichloroethane (365 words)

	polymerisation of alkenes
		Poly(chloroethene) is made by polymerising chloroethene, CH =CHCl.
		As long as you draw the chloroethene molecule in the right way, the structure is pretty obvious.
		It doesn't matter which carbon you attach the chlorine to in the original molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/alkenes/polymerisation.html (1946 words)

	Battelle PNWD Bioremediation - Remediation Alternatives Evaluation NAS Point Mugu
		NAS Point Mugu Installation Restoration Program Site 24 with contoured boundaries of chloroethene contamination (5 µg/L contours; yellow is PCE, blue is TCE, green is DCE, and red is VC) at underground storage tank sites 23 and 55.
		Perchloroethene (PCE), trichloro-ethene (TCE), and fuel hydrocarbons have contaminated a portion of the upper aquifer at NAS Point Mugu.
		Accelerated anaerobic in situ bioremediation refers to the use of nutrient injection to accelerate reductive dechlorination reactions to convert chloroethenes to ethylene.
	bioprocess.pnl.gov /techsum/PNNL_SA_32878_Mugu_Eval.htm (461 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
		The email-this-page and printer-friendly feature cannot function on some javascript-disabled browsers.
		Synonyms include α -T, α-trichloroethane, chloroethene, methylchloroform, methyltrichloromethane, TCEA, and trichloromethylmethane.
		Persons exposed only to 1,1,1-trichloroethane vapor pose no risk of secondary contamination.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg70.html (4420 words)

	Pennsylvania Vinyl Chloride Attorneys - Reiff & Bily
		If you have suffered serious health problems as the result of vinyl chloride exposure in Pennsylvania, contact Reiff and Bily for a free case evaluation.
		Polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC, vinyl chloride, chloroethene, chloroethylene, and ethylene monochloride is a synthetic material that is widely used in the construction and manufacturing industries.
		Vinyl chloride, a combustible and colorless gas, can be found in an array of products, particularly plastics, in households and workplaces across America.
	www.reiffandbily.com /vinyl_chloride.shtml (640 words)

	Greener Industry - PVC
		Poly(chloroethene) (PVC, polyvinyl chloride) is made from the monomer chloroethene, commonly called vinyl chloride monomer or VCM.
		Most plants use three high-yield steps, and the overall equation indicates a very good atom economy (87.4%).
		Waste heat from exothermic processes is transferred to where heat is needed on site
	www.greener-industry.org /pages/pvc/6_pvc_PM1.htm (153 words)

	Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans sp. nov., a chloroethene-degrading actinomycete -- Lee et al. 54 (1): 131 -- ...
		chloroethenes are major pollutants at many environmental sites,
		Trichloroethene (TCE) and other chloroethenes such as perchloroethene,
		(including the ability to degrade chloroethenes and phenol)
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/1/131 (3393 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-11162006-234852
		For the third part of the research, the difference in extractable organic carbon inside and outside of a chloroethene-contaminated plume was examined through the combination of PBOC laboratory data and field parameters.
		Supported by ground-water constituent data, the PBOC extraction and bioassay studies showed that less extractable organic carbon was present inside than outside of the chloroethene plume.
		The final part of the research investigated the distribution of PBOC extractions across six contaminated sites.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-11162006-234852 (379 words)

	ChEE - The University of Arizona
		Luo, J. and Farrell, J. "Molecular Mechanics Investigation of Chloroethene Complexes with Metallic Iron." Journal of Environmental Engineering - in review.
		Mishra, D. and Farrell, J. "Iron Oxide Based Reactive Adsorbent Media for Removing Arsenate from Potable Water." Environmental Science and Technology - in press.
		Wang J. and Farrell J. "Investigating the Role of Atomic Hydrogen on Chloroethene Reactions with Iron Using Tafel Analysis and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Environmental Science and Technology.
	www.che.arizona.edu /index.asp?ID=100 (372 words)

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