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	Isolated chloroma: the effect of early antileukemic therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		MEASUREMENTS: The effect of therapy on 1) the interval between diagnosis of chloroma and diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and 2) survival was determined.
		Chemotherapy was administered to 49 patients (54%) at diagnosis of chloroma.
		Administration of antileukemic chemotherapy at diagnosis of chloroma is associated with a significantly lower probability of developing acute myeloid leukemia and with longer survival.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cgi-bin/mycite?ExtRef=MEDL/95351570 (269 words)

	Chloroma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A chloroma is a solid tumor composed of immature white blood cells called myeloid precursor cells.
		Chloromas get their name from the Greek chloros (meaning green) since these tumors often have a green tint due to the presence of myeloperoxidase.
		Chloromas may be seen under the skin, around the eyes, or in the mouth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chloroma (121 words)

	Chloroma Oncology
		}} A chloroma is a solid tumorcomposed of immature white blood cellscalled myeloidprecursor cells.
		Chloromas may be seen under the skin, around the eyes, or in the mouth.
		Chloromas get their name from the Greek chloros (meaning green) since these tumors often have a green tint due to the presence of myeloperoxidase.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/oncology/chloroma.html (122 words)

	Chloroma Definition / Chloroma Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chloromas get their name from the Greek chloros (meaning green) since these tumors often have a green tint due to the presence of myeloperoxidaseMyeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme (EC 1.11.1.7) most abundantly present in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells).
		Chloroma is a tumour composed of immature granulocytes localized in extramedullary tissues.
		chloroma is a mass composed of immature myeloid cells.
	www.elresearch.com /Chloroma (287 words)

	Haematologica website - e-letters
		Chloroma was documented by a fine needle aspiration of the tumor.
		In APL patients, the treatment of chloroma is not well-determined since neither a study with large number patients nor a consensus on using ATRA is present.
		Her chloroma was detected after AlloSCT and was associated with molecular evidence of disease in the bone marrow.
	www.haematologica.org /e-letters/past/2001_31.html (1512 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		Chloroma, or granulocytic sarcoma, is a rare extramedullary solid hematologic cancer that affects many sites, usually in concert with acute myeloid leukemia.
		Chloroma of the testis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is particularly sparsely represented in the literature.
		Although erroneous diagnosis is decreasing with the advent of ancillary studies, the diagnosis of chloroma continues to be a nightmare for pathologists.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=7437151&postID=110162004154007525 (254 words)

	Cerebellar Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intracerebellar chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma): a neurosurgical complication of acute myelocytic leukemia.
		Chloroma of cerebellum, tentorium and occipital bone in acute myelogenous leukemia.
		Nickels J, Koivuniemi A, Heiskanen O. Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the cerebellum and meninges a case report.
	home.earthlink.net /~radiologist/tf/071601.htm (265 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Chloroma
		The name chloroma refers to the green colour seen when these tumours are sectioned.
		Chloroma may also be the first sign of transformation to AML in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes.
		A chloroma appears as a homogeneous, enhancing mass Lesion
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_vi_2/c/chloroma.aspx (473 words)

	JKMS vol 2, no. 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intracranial granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in a nonleukemic patient.
		Chloroma is a granulocytic sarcoma with it's characteristic greenish color.
		Recently we experienced a case of granulocytic sarcoma with characteristic green color (chloroma), which showed no evidence of leukemia in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
	jkms.kams.or.kr /1987/abstract/173a.html (199 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Chloroma, ovarian
		Acute myeloid leukaemia is the commonest subtype of leukaemia to cause chloroma formation.
		Most leukaemic masses in the ovaries have been reported in children but may also occur in adults, and are frequently bilateral, although one ovary may be larger than the other.
		The term chloroma is used because of the green colour of the Tumour
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_iv_2/c/chloroma_ovarian.aspx (600 words)

	Chloroma - The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society BBS
		Most of the studies I have seen are so old that I doubted their relevance to today's outcomes and in earlier studies about half the cases were orginally misdiagnosed and hindered the outcomes.
		I did see one recent study at MD Anderson that involved 20 cases of chloroma (or isolated granuolcytic sarcoma)without bone marrow involvement over a ten year period.
		It is thought that in isolated chloroma the luekemic cells initially move through the Haverian channals [I may have spelt this incorrectly]
	ubb-lls.leukemia-lymphoma.org /ubb/Forum21/HTML/000573.html (3757 words)

	Haematologica website - e-letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chloroma was documented by a fine needle aspiration of the tumor.
		In APL patients, the treatment of chloroma is not well-determined since neither a study with large number patients nor a consensus on using ATRA is present.
		Her chloroma was detected after AlloSCT and was associated with molecular evidence of disease in the bone marrow.
	www.haematologica.it /e-letters/2001_31.html (1512 words)

	Cytogenetic, ras, and p53: studies in cases of canine neoplasms ( hemangiopericytoma, mastocytoma, histiocytoma, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cytogenetic, ras, and p53: studies in cases of canine neoplasms (hemangiopericytoma, mastocytoma, histiocytoma, chloroma).
		Trisomy 5 and monosomy 31 were observed in a case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma).
		The lack of mutations in exons 1 and 2 of oncogenes N-ras, K-ras, and H-ras and exons 5, 6, 7, and 8 of tumor suppressor gene p53 in these four patients and in a larger series of investigated dogs (25 hemangiopericytomas, 12 mastocytomas, and 8 histiocytomas) is highlighted.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/1758285.html (135 words)

	Myeloblastoma (Chloroma) in Leukemia: Case 1. Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma) of the Breast -- Guermazi et al. 18 (23): ...
		Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma) of the Breast -- Guermazi et al.
		Proulx GM, McCarthy P: Epidural chloroma of the lower spinal canal.
		Quitt M, Elmalach I, Dar H, et al: Isolated chloroma of breast preceding acute nonlymphatic leukemia.
	www.jco.org /cgi/content/full/18/23/3993 (637 words)

	CML Newswire: Medical And Technical News On Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia : Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in HIV ...
		Chloromas are masses composed of immature granulocytic cells.
		We present an adult case of chloroma in HIV patient, which occurred as sudden death.
		The histologic sections of the excised tumour confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of chloroma.
	cmlsupport.blogspot.com /2005/01/granulocytic-sarcoma-chloroma-in-hiv.html (170 words)

	chloroma
		Diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma, or "chloroma," in the fall of 2002, Bunis taught his last class in the spring of 2003, Chaves said.
		Cancer.gov Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) with or without marrow involvement; Mixed lineage leukemia with 2 morphologically defined populations provided the predominant...
		Cancer.gov...or spleen; No chloroma; Phase I (closed to accrual as of 7/9/03): Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive CML in chronic phase.
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/chloroma.html (321 words)

	Abstract - Modern Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Paraffin sections of 11 chloromas and 94 bone marrow core biopsies from 66 patients were stained with CD99 monoclonal antibody 12E7.
		MIC2 expression was seen in leukemic blasts in 6 of 11 chloromas (55%) and 13 of 30 AML (43%) but rarely in myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes, remission, and normal marrow.
		We concluded that MIC2 is commonly expressed in leukemic blasts of AML and is not predictive of leukemic transformation from myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes or chloroma formation.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/modpathol/journal/v13/n4/abs/3880077a.html (390 words)

	details
		The association of chloroma with leukemic disease or myeloproliferative disorders is limited to isolated case reports.
		CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of intracranial chloroma in an elderly man with myelofibrosis and progressive hypereosinophilia.
		The significance of hypereosinophilia in predicting the likelihood of development of central nervous system chloroma and acute leukemia in a patient with myelofibrosis needs further evaluation.
	cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn /ChinaPaper/details.asp?PubMedID=12633964 (150 words)

	Medical Image Database, Radiology Teaching Files and Cases, MedPix: single
		Note that a granulocytic sarcoma, also known as a chloroma, is a neoplasm composed of myeloid precursor cells.
		The term "chloroma" was coined because often the tumors appear green on gross examination.
		A mass due to CLL is not a chloroma.
	rad.usuhs.mil /medpix/medpix.html?mode=single&comebackto=mode=geo_browse&recnum=1238 (646 words)

	Chloroma or Granulocytic Sarcoma? - Pathology for Clinicians - Updating Your Knowledge - Medstudents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor composed by myeloblasts and more differentiated cells, usually associated with acute myeloid leukemia.
		Chloroma, an old name for granulocytic sarcoma, is a clinical term.
		It refers to a subset of granulocytic sarcomas which produce myeloperoxidase, the enzyme responsible for the green color of some of these leukemic tumors.
	www.medstudents.com.br /patoclin/updating/chloroma.htm (77 words)

	Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center
		Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare extramedullary collection of granulocytic cells, also known as chloroma.
		In 1853, King initially called it chloroma, because typical forms have a green color caused by high levels of myeloperoxidase in these premature cells.
		Granulocytic sarcoma (the preferred term, as not all lesions have the greenish tint) occurs primarily in 3-8% of all patients with acute/chronic myelogenous leukemia, but can also arise in patients with other myeloproliferative disorders, such as myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, polycythemia vera, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase79.htm (584 words)

	CNS Complications of Leukemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chloromas (also known as granulocytic sarcoma) are rare masses consisting of immature granulocytic cells.
		Intracranially, chloroma may be purely intraparenchymal or may be dural based; the latter may be indistinguishable from meningioma (case 8).
		Other leukemias may be associated, rarely, with intracerebral masses (nonchloroma) and like chloroma, symptoms are nonspecific, related to increased intracranial pressure or mass effect.
	www.mdanderson.org /depts/rpi/di/cnsclbp.html (200 words)

	NEJM -- Chloroma in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
		Panel A shows a leukemic infiltrate in the skin of a 62-year-old patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (subtype M2 according to the French–American–British system of classification).
		Chloromas usually present as reddish-blue, not green, thickenings in the skin, but pressing the blood out of the nodule (Panel B) unmasks a green color for a few seconds (Panel C).
		The green color is attributed to the presence of myeloperoxidase.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/338/14/969 (143 words)

	Clinton Recorder - News - 11/11/2003 - Tim French fights cancer with a little help from his friends
		The MRI scan revealed that Tim had "an extremely enlarged" bladder and a chloroma at the base of his spine.
		A chloroma is a cluster of leukemic white blood cells, and that cluster of cells was pushing against the nerves of his bladder, irritating it.
		"As of right now," his mother said, "the chloroma is gone and his spinal cord is clear." But he needs a bone marrow transplant to increase his chances of not getting a recurrence.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=10489739&BRD=1634&PAG=461&dept_id=8416&rfi=6 (817 words)

	Myeloid Sarcoma Involving the Breast - Health - RedOrbit
		Myeloid sarcoma is a neoplasm composed of immature and mature granulocytes or monocytes that occurs at an extramedullary anatomic site.1-12 These neoplasms are known by a variety of other names in the literature, including granulocytic sarcoma, monocytic sarcoma, extramedullary myeloid cell tumor, myeloblastoma, and chloroma.
		Merino Moreno J, Nunez Olarte JM, Pico Sambucety JM, Pastor Gomez-Cornejo L, Ortega Nunez A. Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) with bladder and breast localizations preceding acute myeloblastic leukemia.
		Anders M, Duber C, Teifke A, Gamm H. Chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma, myeloblastoma): clinical aspects and radiological diagnosis.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/122446/myeloid_sarcoma_involving_the_breast/index.html (3896 words)

	Isolated Chloroma: The Effect of Early Antileukemic Therapy -- Imrie et al. 123 (5): 351 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		administered to 49 patients (54%) at diagnosis of chloroma.
		Chloroma is an extramedullary tumor of granulocytic lineage
		Survival from diagnosis of chloroma was estimated using the
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/123/5/351 (2018 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Different kinds (subtypes) of myeloid leukemia are classified according to how closely the AML blasts resemble normal immature bone marrow cells.
		Chloromas do not change the risk of relapse in pediatric AML.
		However, some children with chloromas need local radiation to the chloroma, in addition to chemotherapy.
	www.curesearch.org /hcpros/beforediagnosis/article.aspx?ArticleId=72&StageID=17&TopicId=107&Level=1 (541 words)

	Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma): Imaging Findings in Adults and Children -- Guermazi et al. 178 (2): 319 -- American ...
		Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): sphenoidal sinus and paraspinal involvement as evaluated by CT and MR.
		Turner RM, Peck WW, Prietto C. MR of soft tissue chloroma in a patient presenting with left pubic and hip pain.
		Peribiliary chloroma: a rare cause of jaundice after bone marrow transplantation.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/178/2/319 (2456 words)

	ACP - Wisconsin Chapter - Granulocytic sarcoma: Local presentation of a systemic disease
		Granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series.
		The reported incidence of chloroma in acute myeloid leukemia is 3.1-9.1%.
		The mean survival in CML after diagnosis of chloroma has been reported to be 3.8 months.
	www.acponline.org /chapters/wi/associates/vignettes22.htm (347 words)

	Pathology
		Extramedullary myeloid cell tumor (EMCT) or granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is an extramedullary tissue mass of blasts and immature myeloid cells.
		The surface of a freshly cut EMCT turns light green (hence the name chloroma) upon exposure to air as large amounts of peroxidase are oxidized.
		The surface of this subcutaneous chloroma turned pale green after exposure to air.
	www.med-ed.virginia.edu /courses/path/innes/wcd/myeloid1.cfm (1184 words)

	Chloroma, ovarian
		Acute myeloid leukaemia is the commonest subtype of leukaemia to cause chloroma formation.
		Most leukaemic masses in the ovaries have been reported in children but may also occur in adults, and are frequently bilateral, although one ovary may be larger than the other.
		The term chloroma is used because of the green colour of the tumour mass.
	www.amershamhealth.com /medcyclopaedia/volume%20IV%202/CHLOROMA%20OVARIAN.ASP (174 words)

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