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Topic: Chlorophyll

	Chlorophyll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chlorophyll absorbs mostly in the blue and to a lesser extent red portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its intense green color.
		The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids; their absorption spectra are non-overlapping, this serves to broaden the specific bandwidths of light these individual compounds absorb during the process of photosynthesis.
		Chlorophyll a is common to all eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, and, due to its central role in the reaction center, is essential for photosynthesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chlorophyll (698 words)

	Herbs - Chlorophyll
		Chlorophyll is a large molecule composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and magnesium coordinated with four central nitrogen atoms.
		Chlorophyll is the green pigment of plants which initiates photosynthesis by absorbing energy from sunlight and transferring this energy to other molecules.
		Other studies have reported curative effects from chlorophyll and its derivatives, some of which are based on clinical studies while others are the result of animal experimentation, in a wide variety of anemia, protein deficiency hemorrhagic, phenol-hydrazine poisoning, pernicious, hypochromic of unknown etiology, and "experimental nutritional anemia" of unidentified character.
	www.springboard4health.com /notebook/herbs_chlorophyll.html (567 words)

	Chemical of the Week -- CHLOROPHYLL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In chlorophyll the central ion is magnesium, and the large organic molecule is a porphyrin.
		Thus, chlorophyll is at the center of the photosynthetic oxidation-reduction reaction between carbon dioxide and water.
		Heme consists of a porphyrin similar to that in chlorophyll and an iron(II) ion in the center of the porphyrin.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/chlrphyl/chlrphyl.html (582 words)

	Chlorophyll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic pigment present in chloroplasts which provides the energy necessary for photosynthesis.
		The intense green color of chlorophyll is due to its strong absorbencies in the red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and because of these absorbencies the light it reflects and transmits appears green.
		Chlorophyll is a chlorin pigment, related to the porphyrin containing iron compound known as heme.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Chlorophyll (322 words)

	MSN Encarta - Chlorophyll
		Chlorophyll, the pigment found in plants, some algae, and some bacteria that gives them their green color and that absorbs the light necessary for photosynthesis.
		Chlorophyll is a large molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen.
		Chlorophyll b is an accessory pigment present in plants and other complex photosynthetic cells; it absorbs light energy of a different wavelength and transfers it to chlorophyll a for ultimate conversion to chemical energy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562133/Chlorophyll.html (393 words)

	Structure and Reactions of Chlorophyll
		The intense green colour of chlorophyll is due to its strong absorbencies in the red and blue regions of the spectrum, shown in fig.
		Chlorophyll assists this transfer as when chlorophyll absorbs light energy, an electron in chlorophyll is excited from a lower energy state to a higher energy state.
		CP I is the most stable of the complexes and retained the photochemical activity of P700, the reaction centre of chlorophyll in PS I. It has a chlorophyll to P700 ratio of ~45 (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and a beta-carotene to P700 ratio of ~8.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/projects/steer/chloro.htm (1426 words)

	EPA-MAIA - Chlorophyll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll concentrations (a measure of algal abundance) measured during the summer season in surface waters.
		Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in all plants.
		Chlorophyll a is a measure of the green pigment in phytoplankton.
	www.epa.gov /maia/html/chlorophyll.html (488 words)

	Chlorophyll/Chlorophyllin
		Chlorophyll is the principal photoreceptor in photosynthesis, the light-driven process in which carbon dioxide is "fixed" to yield carbohydrates and oxygen.
		Chlorophyll is a cyclic tetrapyrolle, similar in structure to the heme group of globins (hemoglobin, myoglobin) and cytochromes.
		Chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic sodium/copper derivative of chlorophyll.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/chl_0069.shtml (1033 words)

	CHLOROPHYLL (OIL SOLUBLE)
		Chlorophyll is the generic name for several fat-soluble green plant pigments which includes the open-chain bile pigments and the large ring compounds.
		Chlorophylls a is a waxy blue-fl microcrystalline green-plant pigment,
		Chlorophyll absorbs visible radiation in the blue-violet and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum; the green portion is not absorbed and transmitted and reflected, resulting in the green color appearance of plant leaves.
	www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/lifescience/foco/CHLOROPHYLL.htm (460 words)

	Chlorophyll
		The basic structure of a chlorophyll molecule is a porphyrin ring, co-ordinated to a central atom.
		As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green colour fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.
		The chlorophyll molecule is the active part that absorbs the sunlight, but just as with hemoglobin, in order to do its job (synthesising carbohydrates) it needs to be attached to the backbone of a very complicated protein.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /motm/chlorophyll/chlorophyll_h.htm (897 words)

	Chlorophyll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll a is a large molecule that has a "head" called a porphyrin ring with a magnesium atom at its center.
		Chlorophyll a is the pigment that participates directly in the light requiring reactions of photosynthesis.
		The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in the chloroplast is 3:1.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/chlorophyll.html (188 words)

	Chlorophyll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll is the substance responsible for the green color in plants that accomplishes photosynthesis.
		Chlorophyll has been used traditionally to improve bad breath, as well as to reduce the odors of urine, feces, and infected wounds.
		Chlorophyll in the amount of 100 mg two or three times per day can be used to treat bad breath.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/Chlorophyll.htm (347 words)

	chlorophyll
		Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in all organisms that release oxygen (i.e.
		all plants and algae, including cyanobacteria), while chlorophyll b, c and d and bacteriochlorophyll act as accessory or alternative pigments to type a in certain organisms.
		The fact that chlorophyll was selected for such a crucial biological task on a planet where its absorption spectrum does not closely match the host star's emission at different frequencies suggests that it may be a universal molecule for this role.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/chlorophyll.html (317 words)

	Chlorophyll
		Chlorophyll a is the molecule found in all plant cells and therefore its concentration is what is reported during chlorophyll analysis.
		The molecular structure of chlorophylls a and b consists of a ring-like structure called a porphyrin and a long organic phytol "tail." In the center of the porphyrin ring is a magnesium molecule (Fig.
		As a chlorophyll degrades, the initial step is either the loss of the magnesium from the center of the molecule or the loss of the phytol tail.
	dipin.kent.edu /chlorophyll.htm (4595 words)

	Chlorophyll a & Water Clarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll is the pigment that allows plants (including algae) to convert sunlight into organic compounds (photosynthesis).
		Of the several kinds of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a is the predominant type of algae.
		Measuring chlorophyll concentrations in water is a surrogate for an actual measurement of algae biomass, which is far more expensive and time consuming.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /wqcchlorophylla.htm (237 words)

	chlorophyll - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about chlorophyll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Group of pigments including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, the green pigments present in chloroplasts in most plants;; it is responsible for the absorption of light energy during photosynthesis.
		Chlorophyll is found within chloroplasts, present in large numbers in leaves.
		Chlorophyll is similar in structure to haemoglobin, but with magnesium instead of iron as the reactive part of the molecule.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /chlorophyll (217 words)

	Chemical of the Week -- The Chemistry of Autumn Colors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light from the sunlight that falls on leaves.
		Therefore, during summer chlorophyll is continuously broken down and regenerated in the leaves of trees.
		Unlike chlorophyll and carotene, anthocyanins are not attached to cell membranes, but are dissolved in the cell sap.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/fallcolr/fallcolr.html (936 words)

	Benefits of Chlorophyll Nature's Healing Power
		In the mid-80s, Dr. Roderick Dashwood, familiar with the anti-mutagenic abilities of chlorophylls in bacterial assays, began to study the possible benefits of chlorophyll chlorophyllins (a chlorophyll derivative commonly extracted from the alfalfa plant) given to trout exposed to Aflatoxin B1.
		Chlorophyll, the natural plant pigment that lends its color to grass, leaves, and many of the vegetables we eat, may play an important role in prevention of certain cancers.
		chlorophyll chlorophyllin is a derivative of chlorophyll and is used as an over-the-counter diet supplement and as a food colorant.
	www.purlife.com /chlorophyll.htm (1980 words)

	chlorophyll
		The seagrass chlorophyll threshold was met in Isle of Wight, Sinepuxent and Chincoteague Bays; while the St. Martin River and upper Newport Bay failed.
		Three-year (2001-2003) seagrass growing season chlorophyll a concentration medians were calculated for each monitoring station and compared to established thresholds.
		Chlorophyll a is a type of chlorophyll commonly found in phytoplankton, and has been chosen as an indicator to determine the health of the bays.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /coastalbays/water_quality/chlorophyll.html (250 words)

	Chlorophyll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll α, chlorophyll b and carotenoids; their absorption spectrums are non-overlapping, to broaden the range of light that can be absorbed for photosynthesis.
		Chlorophyll α is common to all eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, and, due to its central role in the reaction center, is essential for photosynthesis.
		These cyanobacteria have a ratio of chlorophyll d: chlorophyll α of approximately 30:1, and represent a rare example of a photosystem with chlorophyll d at the reaction center of the photosystem.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Chlorophyll.htm (637 words)

	Lake Ecology -- Chlorophyll
		Chlorophyll-a is the green pigment that is responsible for a plant's ability to convert sunlight into the chemical energy needed to fix:
		To measure chlorophyll-a, a volume of water from a particular depth is filtered through a fine glass-fiber filter to collect all of the particulate material greater than about 1 micron (1/1000th of a millimeter) in size.
		Both chlorophyll-a and secchi depth are long-accepted methods for estimating the amount of algae in lakes.
	lakeaccess.org /ecology/lakeecologyprim12.html (534 words)

	Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllin, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center
		Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are natural, fat-soluble chlorophylls found in plants.
		The basic structure of chlorophyll is a porphyrin ring similar to that of heme in hemoglobin, although the central atom in chlorophyll is magnesium instead of iron.
		Chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic mixture of sodium copper salts derived from chlorophyll (2, 3).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/phytochemicals/chlorophylls (1811 words)

	Re: chlorophyll / hemoglobin
		Chlorophyll and Heme are pigments composed of a modified porphyrin ring coordinating a metal ion (Magnesium for Chlorophyll, Iron for Heme).
		Chlorophyll probably evolved from heme, which is also found in cytochromes.
		Chlorophyll performs almost the same function as Cytochrome c, absorbing light to produce two high-energy electrons, which are transmitted through an electron transfer chain to produce useful energy for the cell.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec96/846475225.Mb.r.html (269 words)

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