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Topic: Choice theory

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	Public choice theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public choice theory is commonly associated with universities in Virginia, most notably George Mason University, Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia, where Tullock and Buchanan first worked in developing the theory, hence identification of a “Virginia school” of political economy.
		One of the basic claims that results from public choice theory is that good government policies in a democracy are an underprovided public good, because of the rational ignorance of the voters.
		Ostrom, Vincent (1986), The Theory of the Compound Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_choice_theory (2578 words)

	Rational Choice Theory
		Rational choice theorists have incorporated collective action into their theories by requiring that the actions of groups and organisations be reducible to statements about the actions of individuals.
		This claim is not inherent in rational choice theory but in the methodological individualism that, for most of its advocates, is adopted as a philosophical underpinning.
		Rational choice theory adopts a methodological individualist position and attempts to explain all social phenomena in terms of the rational calculations made by self-interested individuals.
	privatewww.essex.ac.uk /~scottj/socscot7.htm (5064 words)

	Notes on Exchange Theory and Rational Choice Theory
		In rational choice theory the emphasis is on Coleman’s question, "Why do rational actors create obligations?" or any of the other things they create; Hechter’s interest is in why rational actors create forms of organizations that yield "goods".
		What matters most in filling in your idea of rational choice theory is Hechter’s idea that "individual preferences must be aggregated into a collective design" (308a) in order to generate public goods in particular, and I’d say in order to sustain social life as anything worth that name.
		Sometimes a theory is best known by its silences, and rational choice theory is silent about much of what I find most significant in social life.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~frank/exchange.html (3487 words)

	Choice theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Choice theory is also a discipline of analyzing the mathematical nature of the choice behavior of economic agents in microeconomics.
		Choice Theory posits the existence of a "Quality World" in which, starting at birth and continuing throughout our lives, we place those things that we highly value: primarily the people who are important to us, things we prize, and systems of belief, i.e.
		Choice Theory posits that most mental illness is, in fact, an expression of unhappiness and that we are able to learn how to choose alternate behaviors that will result in greater satisfaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Choice_theory (560 words)

	JBC - Public Choice Economics
		Choices are made by individuals, and these may be "private" or "public." A person makes private choices as he goes about the ordinary business of living.
		Public Choice is the intersection of these two disciplines; the institutions are those of political science, and the method is that of economic theory.
		Public Choice scholars are perhaps best characterized by their emphasis on comparative institutional analysis and, in particular, by their concentration on the necessary relationship between economic and political institutions.
	www.gmu.edu /jbc/aboutpubchoic.html (310 words)

	[No title]
		Public choice theory is a branch of economics that studies the decision-making behavior of voters, politicians and government officials from the perspective of economic theory.
		Public choice theory, as dispiriting as it is elegant, predicts that liability law will reach an equilibrium only at the point of absolute corporate liability for everything.
		One of the basic claims that underlie public choice theory is that good government policies in a democracy are an underprovided public good, because of the rational ignorance of the voters.
	www.lycos.com /info/public-choice-theory.html (540 words)

	Political Scientists Debate Theory of `Rational Choice'
		The defining feature of rational choice theory is that people always try to maximize their interests when it comes to things like whom to vote for or whether to volunteer politically.
		Thus, rational choice arguments should be more appropriate for the study of why 100 senators vote as they do on a Supreme Court nomination than for the study of why nine million people vote as they do for California Secretary of State (or why the nine million vote at all for that matter).
		This choice should be influenced by a host of things: the accumulated stock of knowledge about the question and closely related ones, what appears to have worked in the study of comparable questions, and the hunches of the researcher.
	phoenix.liunet.edu /~uroy/eco54/histlist/pol-sci-rational.htm (2283 words)

	Melberg, Hans O. (1993), Three arguments about rational choice in sociology
		That rational choice models are useful in explaining social exchange in the sense that the choice of action in an interactive situation is often governed by attempted maximization according to aims.
		These conditions enable rational choice to generate cooperation because in a world of uncertainty one might believe that the other individual will deviate from their selfish rational strategy to free ride (also uncertainty about when he repetitions will stop makes the game approximately similar to infinite games in which cooperation is generated).
		Finally limited mathematical abilities improve the possibilities for rational choice cooperation because it stops the backward induction defection argument (The backward induction argument is that in a finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma case it is rational for selfish individuals to defect in the first round.
	www.geocities.com /hmelberg/papers/930520.htm (2346 words)

	Quantitative Methods in Public Administration
		Social choice theory is a subfield of political theory concerned with the logic of collective decision-making, whether voting or multicriterion decision-making.
		As such it is a subset of rational choice theory, which includes the logic of individual as well as collective choice.
		If an "agenda setter" is in a position to demand policy y (which is other than the median choice) or else the outcome goes to an undesirable "reversion point," r, then the worse r is, the more deviant y may be from the median choice and still have voters agreeing to y.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/socialchoice.htm (968 words)

	Public Choice Theory
		Public Choice Theory is a body of theory developed by James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock to try to explain how public decisions are made.
		For a long time economic theory presumed that if there was a task that needed to done by the government that all that was required was to set up some government organization with responsibility for achieving that task.
		This opened up a line of analysis in which political choices were to be based upon the position of the median voter.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/publicchoice.htm (1044 words)

	Amazon.ca: Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom: Books: William Glasser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		CHOICE THEORY: Glasser seems to prove that individuals exhibit symptoms of mental and (much of) physical illness by choice, and that these symptoms are the best choice available to them at the time.
		CHOICE THEORY AND FALSE MEMORY THEORY: Suppose a client states that she is so depressed from losing her leg (20 years ago when her father accidentally backed the car over her) that she has never sought employment or marriage.
		CHOICE THEORY: Glasser seems to prove that individuals exhibit symptoms of mental and (much of) physical illness by choice, and that these symptoms are the best choice available to him at the time.
	www.amazon.ca /Choice-Theory-Psychology-Personal-Freedom/dp/0060930144 (3040 words)

	Public Choice Theory, by Jane S. Shaw: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Public choice theory is a branch of economics that developed from the study of taxation and public spending.
		Public choice economists make the same assumption—that although people acting in the political marketplace have some concern for others, their main motive, whether they are voters, politicians, lobbyists, or bureaucrats, is self-interest.
		One of the chief underpinnings of public choice theory is the lack of incentives for voters to monitor government effectively.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/PublicChoiceTheory.html (2179 words)

	Choice Theory
		Choice Theory, a concept developed by William Glasser, is an explanation of human behavior.
		Choice Theory has five basic components —the basic human needs, the quality world, the perceived world, the comparing place and total behavior.
		Choice Theory pretty much rids us of the idea that people are “misbehaving.” All anyone is doing is their best attempt to get something they want.
	www.exzibit.net /viewarticle.php?articleID=730 (1237 words)

	March 2002 Imprimis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The public choice research program is better seen as a correction of the scientific record than as the introduction of an anti-governmental ideology.
		The moral condemnation of public choice is centered on the presumed transference of this element of economic theory to political analysis.
		The public choice theorist should, of course, acknowledge that the strength and predictive power of the strict economic model of behavior is somewhat mitigated as the shift is made from private market to collective choice.
	www.hillsdale.edu /imprimis/2003/march/default.htm (3242 words)

	Public Choice Theory
		Public choice theorists have also been concerned with the logic of voting as a means of expressing individual preferences.
		This implies a rejection of unitary theories of bureacracy (ex., Weber, Wilson) in favor of a new theory of public administration based on public choice theory.
		Public choice theory is in this way similar to themes developed by the "new public administration" and "reinventing government" movements of the 1990s, though these movements went further by promoting public-private partnering, outsourcing, and privatization as means to greater 'marketization" of public goods than had been advocated by early public choice theorists.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/publicchoice.htm (1389 words)

	Choice Theory
		Choice Theory Psychology is a new explanation of human behavior developed by Dr. William Glasser, M.D. The Ten Axioms of Choice Theory
		Choice Theory, developed by William Glasser, MD., provides an explanation of motivation which is markedly different from what many of us have been taught.
		Choice Theory is based on the assumption that all behavior represents the individual's constant attempt to satisfy one or more of five basic inborn needs.
	www.choicetheory.com /ct.htm (3435 words)

	Rational Choice Theory
		The theories discussed earlier consider individual and group actions to be social in that they are concerned with meaning, interpretatio n, interaction, symbols, self-definition, feelings, emotions, and how people do things together.
		Different theorists of rational choice may make somewhat different assumptions about the individual and proceed in different ways from the individual to larger social groupings and systems, but each begins with t he individual as the basic unit of the theory.
		One branch of RCT theory is analytical Marxism or rational choice Marxism (RCM).
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/f1000.htm (7479 words)

	Reality Therapy & Choice Theory Basic Intensvie Week
		Choice Theory® explains how a person’s perceptions shape their reality and teaches the four components of behavior.
		Choice Theory® provides individuals with tools for use in their personal, as well as professional life.
		Choice Theory® is highly empowering for clients as well as helpers, which can be instrumental in reducing helper stress and burnout.
	www.coachingforexcellence.biz /CounselRT.htm (2944 words)

	HANS ALBERT ON RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
		This means that they produced a generalized theory of achievement motivation of which the theory about the influence of Protestant ethics on motivation is a special case.
		If, instead of these universal utility functions, you have theories of motivation in which such things occur, under what conditions, with what educational measures achievement motivation arises, it might be otherwise.
		Nevertheless, despite this, he tried to develop a theory of motivation, that is applied to interesting situations in social science and makes explanation possible.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~tkpw/newsletter/v4n1-2/node9.html (1544 words)

	What is Choice Theory? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Choice Theory® is the basis for all programs taught by the Institute.
		Choice Theory (and the Seven Caring Habits) is offered to replace external control psychology (and the Seven Deadly Habits), the present psychology of almost all the people in the world.
		The 1998 book, Choice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom, is the primary text for all that is taught by the Institute.
	www.wglasser.com /whatisct.htm (505 words)

	BA 513: Ph.D. Seminar in Choice Theory
		By "rational choice" I mean the theory of the expected-utility-maximizing, equilibrium-seeking individual that originated in statistical decision theory and economics and has spread to many other disciplines over the last five decades.
		You are probably already familiar with violations of the axioms of expected utility theory demonstrated by Allais, Ellsberg, and Tversky and Kahneman--which we will touch on to some extent--but those are not the only problems nor necessarily the biggest ones.
		Alternative perspectives on choice theory: radical subjectivism, Austrian economics, bounded rationality, evolutionary psychology, and cognitive neuroscience.
	faculty.fuqua.duke.edu /~rnau/choice (863 words)

	Rent-Seeking, Public Choice, and The Prisoner's Dilemma
		Public Choice theory is about the different incentives and processes that operate when goods are sought through political means rather than through purely economic means.
		In a classic Public Choice strategy, however, this may mollify the many, even while continuing to provide the political rents for its own constituency, a constituency that includes everyone who sympathizes with the "compassion" of welfare, even if they are not on it.
		Nevertheless, the basic insight of both rent-seeking and Public Choice theory is already evident in the Thomas Jefferson quote at the beginning of this essay.
	www.friesian.com /rent.htm (3941 words)

	Social Choice Theory
		The study of noncooperative game theory shows how people can be hampered in reaching the best outcome when they cannot make enforceable agreements.
		Social choice theory is the brance of decision theory concerning agents who all agree to be bound by the outcome of a social choice procedure, such as a vote.
		Proxy voting - Voters are given the choice of either voting directly on a proposition or else giving their vote to someone whom they trust to make a good choice.
	www.stanford.edu /class/symbsys150/social-choice-theory-5-8.html (966 words)

	Rational Choice Theory
		Readings for this section are Peter Abell, “Sociological Theory and Rational Choice Theory,” Chapter 8 of Turner and James Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, p.
		A different approach to the theory of social action from that discussed so far is rational choice theory.
		6-10, for a rational choice analysis and critique of Weber’s argument concerning the influence of the protestant ethic on the emergence of the capitalistic spirit and capitalism.
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/319m703.htm (7832 words)

	Public Choice Society
		The first world meeting of the Public Choice Societies will be held from March 29 to April 1, 2007, at the Amsterdam School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam.
		The Public Choice Societies unite scientists from a variety of disciplines who are interested in scientific research on the economics and politics of public and nonmarket decision-making, political economy, and the economics of institutions.
		Please consider renewing your membership to the Public Choice Society, or joining if you are not already a member.
	www.pubchoicesoc.org (622 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		This argument is tenable only if a rather extreme positivist view of knowledge is adopted, and most realists would expect to find some attention given to the psychological basis of motivation and, therefore, to attempts to test out the adequacy of particular psychological assumptions.
		The classical school of deterrence is based on the presuppositions of the utilitarian philosophies of the 17th and 18th century.
		Modern theories of deterrence, to a certain extent, possess a central precept of the classical school, which argues that individuals are rational and exercise free will.
	www.lycos.com /info/rational-choice-theory--individuals.html (325 words)

	Introduction to Public Choice Theory
		This practice of teaching what should be (normative theory) rather than what is (positive theory) is fairly common at universities and continues to this day at most universities, in politics as well as other disciplines.
		At the heart of all public choice theories then is the notion that an official at any level, be they in the public or private sector, "acts at least partly in his own self- interest, and some officials are motivated solely by their own self-interest." (Downs, Anthony, Inside Bureaucracy (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1967)).
		Public Choice has much to say about the use of rent-seeking, which is the act of obtaining special treatment by the government at the expense of the rest of us.
	perspicuity.net /sd/pub-choice.html (2665 words)

	Vinod's Blog:Public Choice Theory
		The article is actually a speech from James Buchanan on the origins of Public Choice economics they put up on their website / blog.
		And herein lies one of the first disconnects between classical liberals like myself and modern day liberals - public choice economics recognizes that the basket of resources (what Buchanan refers to the "total product") allocated by political means starts with exactly the same stuff as the market basket.
		Public choice, as an inclusive research program, incorporates the presumption that persons do not readily become economic eunuchs as they shift from market to political participation.
	www.vinod.com /blog/News/PublicChoiceTheory.html (1043 words)

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