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Topic: Chokwe

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	Chokwe People
		The Chokwe are well known for art objects produced to celebrate and validate the royal court.
		In the second half of the 19th century though, considerable development of the trade routes between the Chokwe homelands and the Angolan coast led to increased trade of ivory and rubber.
		All members of Chokwe society are divided into two categories: those who are descended from the founding matrilineal lines and those who are descended from former enslaved populations.
	www.uiowa.edu /%7eafricart/toc/people/Chokwe.html (444 words)

	Chair [Chokwe peoples; Angola] (1978.412.619) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		Chokwe chiefs possess many elaborately carved articles, including ceremonial weapons, staffs of office, tobacco pipes, and seats of office like this example in the Museum's collection.
		The Chokwe kingdom rose to power during the late nineteenth century in the broad expanse of open savanna in the southern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola.
		Chokwe chairs are among the few African objects not carved from a single piece of wood, but are instead assembled in parts.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/11/sfc/hod_1978.412.619.htm (576 words)

	Chokwe - RAND AFRICAN ART
		The Chokwe developed and maintained their cultural identity by adapting to outside influences.
		The Chokwe and their neighbors often ignore the law and continue to hunt.
		Chokwe sculptors were the most famous of the region; there were two types.
	www.randafricanart.com /Chokwe_2.html (2044 words)

	Chokwe Baskets Basket Weaving Culture
		Chokwe women of Angola who have fled the country's civil wars with their families and settled illegally in Zambian villages along the border still take great pride in the creation of baskets.
		The well-being of the village is believed to be the direct result of rituals that unite the seen and the unseen, living people and their ancestors.
		"Chokwe!," the first exhibition in the United States to focus on the artistically rich culture of the Chokwe and related peoples of central Africa, studies the ritual and meaning of African art as it is handed down through generations.
	www.simplybaskets.net /Chokwe_Baskets_Basket_Weaving_Culture.html (2544 words)

	Angola - Lunda-Chokwe
		The Chokwe, until the latter half of the nineteenth century a small group of hunters and traders living near the headwaters of the Cuango and Cassai rivers, were at the southern periphery of the Lunda Empire and paid tribute to its head.
		In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Chokwe became increasingly involved in trading and raiding, and they expanded in all directions, but chiefly to the north, in part absorbing the Ruund and other peoples.
		As a consequence of this Chokwe activity, a mixed population emerged in parts of Zaire as well as in Angola, although there were virtually homogenous communities in both countries consisting of Chokwe, Ruund, or Southern Lunda.
	countrystudies.us /angola/62.htm (891 words)

	Chokwe Female Mask, DR Congo, Zambia - Africa Direct
		The Lwena and Chokwe are members of a large culture cluster living today in central Angola, parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Zambia.
		If from the Chokwe female masks were used during Munkanda initiation rites for young boys and the Uyanga society, the men’s hunting association that instructed young boys in the hunt and also advanced men through a series of endurance tests.
		Among the Chokwe dances are also the means to publicly demonstrate appropriate conduct and correct social behavior.
	www.africadirect.com /productsdesc.php?ID=5173 (336 words)

	Livestock production systems in Chokwe, southern Mozambique
		The district of Chokwe lies in the mixed farming zone on the southern side of the Limpopo river.
		Chokwe District in Gaza Province, in which the study area of 1830 km² is located, is primarily an agricultural district situated on the south side of the Limpopo river some 100 km from its mouth.
		The area of Chokwe is somewhat unique due to the influence of the irrigation scheme, but many of the traditional agricultural practices there are found over a large and important area of southern Mozambique.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5491E/x5491e0r.htm (4502 words)

	Revisiting Pwo - Chokwe masks - RAND AFRICAN ART
		Pwo masks, made by Chokwe and related peoples, are a well-known but understudied genre of African art.
		The metal tacks and shell are meant to beautify and honor the female ancestor represented.
		Chokwe "traditional canons" that reflect the "collective concept of ancestral spirits" (Bastin 1982:90).
	www.randafricanart.com /Chokwe_Pwo_masks.html (2834 words)

	Speaker Bios (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1998, Brother Chokwe, Attorneys Kenneth Page and Mildred Lesure won a not guilty verdict in the case of Christopher Marshall who was falsely charged with capital murder in the death of the sister-in-law of former Mississippi Governor, William Winters in Senatobia, Mississippi.
		Chokwe Lumumba is the son of Lucin and Priscilla Taliaferro and was raised in a working class family along with his seven brothers and sisters.
		Chokwe Antar, is a graduate of Tuskegee University in Alabama, and is currently a law student at Thurgood Marshall Law School in Houston, TX.
	www.law.howard.edu /220 (1895 words)

	Dateline ACT
		During this time she and her boss had to walk back to the Chokwe office through waist deep water to retrieve valuables from the office safe.
		It was only as South African helicopters began airlifting people out of Chokwe did she learn that her father had escaped to a rooftop where he was satisfied to wait out the water.
		After this past weekend's assessment of the Chokwe situation, he and staff members concur that their local LWF staff are prime candidates for emergency relief themselves.
	www.act-intl.org /news/dt_nr_2000/dtsouaf900.html (1006 words)

	Chokwe Tribe
		Types of Art:The Chokwe are well known for art objects produced to celebrate and validate the royal court.
		Political Systems:The Chokwe do not recognize a paramount leader, but instead offer allegiance to local chiefs who inherit their positions from the maternal uncle.
		Religion:The Chokwe recognize Kalunga, the god of creation and supreme power, and a series of nature and ancestral spirits (mahamba).
	www.gateway-africa.com /tribe/chokwe_tribe.html (447 words)

	Africamuseum - Chokwe wig
		It was worn by Chokwe women as a token of prestige and wealth.
		Chokwe were actively involved as suppliers and traders in the precolonial rubber and ivory trade.
		These wigs were worn among the Chokwe mainly by women, but also at times by older men.
	www.africamuseum.be /museum/treasures/chokwe-wig (144 words)

	Apparitions in the Wilderness: Bush Stories Told Among the Chokwe of Zaire - Rachel I. Fretz
		The elders of every culture instruct their youth, by example and often by precept, to negotiate the dangers and intrigues of the wilderness - be they the allures and snares of New York City or of the African bush.
		The Chokwe people, who live primarily in the savanna of southern Zaire and northeastern, Angola, tell traditional stories called yishima (singular chishima) that reflect their bush experiences.
		The Chokwe tell and retell these stories; they are mirrors reflecting their lives.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1990/december/Sa17152.htm (364 words)

	Chokwe/ Ruund Language Page - Handbook of African Language Resources (ASC)(MSU)
		Chokwe (also spelled Cokwe) and Ruund are two distinct Bantu languages belonging to the Chokwe- Luchazi Group (Guthrie K10) and the Lunda Group (Guthrie L50) respectively.
		While UBS (1982) notes 170,000 "Lunda" [Ruund] speakers and 500,000 Chokwe speakers, Hoover suggests this figure is too low for first-language speakers and fails to consider the use of both languages as a lingua franca.
		Nash (personal communication, 1985) reports that, because of its recent expansion, Chokwe shows little dialect variation, and that while there is considerable dialect variation in Ruund, they are mutually intelligible.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/Chokwe_Ruund-root.html (353 words)

	Chokwe exhibition
		The first exhibition in the United States to focus on the artistically rich culture of the Chokwe and related peoples of central Africa opens at the Birmingham Museum of Art on November 1, 1998.
		Similarly, Chokwe boys and girls are taught to aspire to have the bearing and determination of chiefs, and to make significant contributions to society in their adult lives.
		The male mukanda and female mwali sections of the gallery have been especially designed to give the viewer a sense of being outside the parameters of daily/village life and inside a place of revelation (as suggested by Zambian consultants), just as Chokwe boys and girls are during their initiation period.
	www.artsbma.org /chokwe.htm (928 words)

	chokwe people culture
		__ "The Chokwe, a matrilinear Bantu population, originally lived in the Serra de Muzamba, in central Angola.
		Particularly renowned for their fine sculpture, the Chokwe owe the refinement and wealth Of their art to a very stable society and a very sophisticated court culture." History, culture.
		In the second half of the 19th century though, considerable development of the trade routes between the Chokwe homelands and the Angolan coast led to increased trade of ivory and rubber." You will find material related to history, culture, art, political structure and more.
	www.archaeolink.com /africa_cultural_anthropology_cho.htm (355 words)

	African art - Chokwe ethnic group
		The Chokwe is a Bantu - speaking widespread ethnic group living in central Africa (Congo - Zaire, Angola and Zambia).
		Art styles of the Chokwe, Lwena, Mbundu and Songo are similar to the large extend, which at the end affected attribution of a great number of pieces to the Chokwe.
		The art of Chokwe has displayed the most inventiveness and originality in their magnificent creations, their style inspired all the art of this region.
	www.namibweb.com /chokweinfo.htm (174 words)

	chokwe mask
		This Chokwe mask was collected by Maurice Matton, the Belgian Police Commissionaire du Katanga 1920-1937.
		This period of innovation and the rise of these mediums were probably directly connected to the growth of control and forced social upheaval by the Belgians.
		The Chokwe and Lunda moved up into this southern section of Katanga influencing the indigenous groups they were now intermixed with, but also coming under the influence themselves of this powerful "bifikwa" movement.
	www.gonebeyond.com /africa/chmask.html (253 words)

	Anthropology Review Database
		Today, Chokwe villages are widely scattered, most are located in isolated scrub lands where the residents subsist through a combination of hunting and horticulture.
		While clearly establishing the centrality of ancestors in the Chokwe cosmology and showing carved masks, for which they are renowned, the link to the acts of sorcery portrayed in the balance of the video is indiscernible.
		These are wonderful opportunities to explain many aspects of Chokwe life, including why substances are chosen as medicines, but for the most part they are missed.
	wings.buffalo.edu /ARD/cgi/showme.cgi?keycode=1675 (1317 words)

	Resources on the Chokwe
		The Chokwe hunted elephants across the southern fringes of the...
		...of Gabon and the Kongo, Mongo, Kuba, Luba, Lunda, and Chokwe of Congo...
		The Chokwe are situated more to the West and would instead display South...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/african/Chokwe.html (561 words)

	jokwe
		One million Chokwe (at least 30 different spellings -- all based upon the name these people call themselves, Kocokwe, in plural Tucokwe) have spread out over a wide area in the eastern Angola, southern DRC and Zambia.
		The Chokwe are governed by a king called Mwana Ngana, who distributes hunting and cultivation areas.
		century many Chokwe chiefs were introduced to chairs imported by Portuguese officials and adopted the foreign style for their thrones.
	www.zyama.com /chokwe/pics..htm (864 words)

	Lesson Plan 4: Facing Life's Challenges
		Divination is practiced by the Chokwe using a number of different methods including spirit possession, where the reflective surface of water or a mirror is used to reveal the source of a person’s afflictions.
		According to the Chokwe belief system, forces and experiences in life may all be understood in objective terms, much in the way Western systems of physics underlie natural laws of matter, energy, or motion.
		The spirits of the ancestors require a great deal of respect as they not only aid in revealing the causes of misfortune, but are also capable of inflicting harm and trouble in the lives of those who are neglectful in their duties towards them.
	www.umfa.utah.edu /?id=NDIw (1019 words)

	Spirits
		It reflects the new political power of Chokwe chiefs as they systematically reclaimed their royal lineage from the Lunda, while at the same time acknowledging their Lunda origins and relations.
		Chibinda Ilunga was celebrated by the Chokwe and Lunda as a civilizing cultural hero who introduced the Luba concept of sacred kingship, as well as new customs and technologies.
		The male figure also metaphorically stands for the presence of powerful Chokwe chiefs who established their spheres of political influence throughout vast areas of the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, most of northeastern, central and southern Angola and in parts of northwestern Zambia.
	www.nmafa.si.edu /exhibits/spirits/chocoup.htm (223 words)

	Jackson Free Press \| Attorney Chokwe Lumumba Re-instated
		Chokwe Lumumba was suspended from the practice of law for six months and until he retook and passed the Ethics portion of the Mississippi Bar Examination, fined $1,000, and required to pay the Bar's costs.
		Finding that Chokwe Lumumba has sufficiently demonstrated that he has satisfied the conditions precedent for reinstatement to the Bar, we grant his Petition and reinstate Chokwe Lumumba as a member of the Mississippi Bar to the privilege of practicing law in the State of Mississippi effective upon the entry of this order.
		Chokwe has long been targeted due to his efforts on behalf of "thugs"; there is no secret here.
	www.jacksonfreepress.com /comments.php?id=12398_0_27_0_M (2936 words)

	Afro-Dit Discussion Forums - Assessing Chokwe Mwano Pwo Masks?
		The last ten years a lot of chokwe art was produced for 'touristic' purpuses, masks nicely carved with a 'great shiny' patina, doubtfull traces of use, with the 'original' headdress included.
		The chokwe still use masks for their own use today, these masks are authentic and you can't compaire them with the ones made for the tourists.
		The signs of probably having been worn in my Chokwe masks are, in fact, difficult to see because of the very dark coloration of the wood.
	www.tribalartforum.org /baxter_rains/rains_t1.htm (2254 words)

	Chokwe! Art and Initiation Among Chokwe and Related Peoples. - book review African Arts - Find Articles
		In 1988 the Musee Dapper in Paris devoted a monographic exhibition to the subject; it was accompanied by a modest catalogue containing short articles by the director of the Fondation Dapper, Christiane Falgayrettes, and by the Belgian scholars Anne Leurquin, Luc de Heusch, and the late Marie-Louise Bastin (Falgayrettes 1988).
		In the opening article of the first essay section, "Chokwe Arts: Wealth of Symbolism and Aesthetic Expression," Marie-Louise Bastin first dwells on what is considered to be the "oldest known sculpture from the Bantu region": a zoomorphic wooden sculpture which she identifies as a "ritual bowl" (p.
		She then proceeds to give an overview of "Chokwe types of artistic expression" and a brief description of the different Chokwe stylistic schools, which she distinguishes in the art forms of the courts of aristocrats and rulers.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0438/is_4_35/ai_104520720 (832 words)

	MSF Around the World
		By March 3 he was in a helicopter flying to Maputo to connect with a truck that was heading to Chokwe.
		Land transport was almost impossible at that time but he managed to get a lift with a large truck that brought him to the city.
		But from the back of a truck (driving to Chokwe) you pass by people who are carrying their possessions on their backs, up to their waists in this filthy water.
	www.msf.org /msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=3A09D40B-E42A-11D4-B2010060084A6370&component=toolkit.article&method=full_html&CFID=487851&CFTOKEN=44536449 (887 words)

	Chokwe! Art and Initiation Among Chokwe and Related Peoples. - book review African Arts - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1988 the Musee Dapper in Paris devoted a monographic exhibition to the subject; it was accompanied by a modest catalogue containing short articles by the director of the Fondation Dapper, Christiane Falgayrettes, and by the Belgian scholars Anne Leurquin, Luc de Heusch, and the late Marie-Louise Bastin (Falgayrettes 1988).
		In the opening article of the first essay section, "Chokwe Arts: Wealth of Symbolism and Aesthetic Expression," Marie-Louise Bastin first dwells on what is considered to be the "oldest known sculpture from the Bantu region": a zoomorphic wooden sculpture which she identifies as a "ritual bowl" (p.
		She then proceeds to give an overview of "Chokwe types of artistic expression" and a brief description of the different Chokwe stylistic schools, which she distinguishes in the art forms of the courts of aristocrats and rulers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0438/is_4_35/ai_104520720 (849 words)

	CHOKWE BASKETS: Cultural Continuity in Exile - basket weaving culture of the Chokwe - excerpt from Chokwe! Art and ...
		Chokwe women of Angola who have fled the country's civil wars with their families and settled illegally in Zambian villages along the border still take great pride in the creation of baskets.
		The well-being of the village is believed to be the direct result of rituals that unite the seen and the unseen, living people and their ancestors.
		Art and Initiation Among Chokwe and Related Peoples (Prestel-Verlag, 1998), anthropologist Sonia Silva relates her experiences living among the Luvale people in Chavuma, an area of about 200 square miles in Zambia's North-Western province, along the Angolan border.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1546/is_6_13/ai_53461354 (968 words)

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