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Topic: Cholestasis

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	Cholestasis: Manifestations of Liver Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Cholestasis is reduction or stoppage of bile flow.
		With cholestasis the flow of bile (the digestive fluid produced by the liver) is impaired at some point between the liver cells and the duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine).
		The causes of cholestasis are divided into two groups: those originating within the liver and those originating outside the liver.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec10/ch135/ch135c.html (790 words)

	Cholestasis - Health Centers
		Cholestasis is any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is blocked.
		Extrahepatic cholestasis -- which occurs outside the liver -- can be caused by bile duct tumors, strictures, cysts, diverticulitis, and other damage.
		Intrahepatic cholestasis -- which occurs inside the liver -- can be caused by sepsis, bacterial abscess, drugs, being fed by an IV, lymphoma, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and amyloidosis.
	www.thebostonchannel.com /encyclopedia/6859634/detail.html (596 words)

	eMedicine - Cholestasis : Article by Karan M Emerick, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Typical of obstructive cholestasis is bile plugging of the interlobular bile ducts, portal expansion, and bile duct proliferation in association with centrilobular cholate injury.
		Overall, patients with cholestasis have an increase in serum concentration of bile salts, an increase in hepatocyte concentration of bile salts, a decrease of bile salts in the enterohepatic circulation, and a decrease in the total bile salt pool size.
		Serum cholesterol is elevated in cholestasis because its metabolic degradation and excretion are impaired.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic383.htm (5999 words)

	Cholestasis of Pregnancy : American Pregnancy Association
		Cholestasis of pregnancy is a condition in which the normal flow of bile in the gallbladder is affected by the high amounts of pregnancy hormones.
		Cholestasis is more common in the last trimester of pregnancy when hormones are at their peak, but it usually goes away within a few days after delivery.
		Cholestasis is sometimes referred to as extrahepatic cholestasis which occurs outside the liver, intrahepatic cholestasis which occurs inside the liver, or obstetric cholestasis.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /pregnancycomplications/cholestasispregnancy.html (721 words)

	Cholestasis \| AHealthyMe.com
		Cholestasis is caused by obstruction within the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic).
		Benign familial recurrent cholestasis is a rare condition characterized by brief, repeated episodes of itching and jaundice.
		Extrahepatic cholestasis is most often caused by a stone obstructing the passage through which bile travels from the gallbladder to the small intestine (common bile duct) or by pancreatic cancer.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100586617 (1614 words)

	Cholestasis - Genesis Health System
		Extrahepatic cholestasis can be caused by conditions such as tumors and gallstones that block the flow of bile from the gallbladder to the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
		Pregnancy increases the sensitivity of the bile ducts to estrogen, and cholestasis often develops during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
		Intrahepatic cholestasis may also be caused by alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, cancer that has spread (metastasized) from another part of the body, and a number of rare disorders.
	www.genesishealth.com /conditions/DetailedDisease/000308.aspx (1607 words)

	Cholestasis of Pregnancy
		Cholestasis of pregnancy is a condition in which the normal flow of bile in the gallbladder is slowed or stopped resulting in itching and jaundice (yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes).
		Cholestasis of pregnancy occurs in about one to two women out of 1,000 overall, but it is more likely in Swedish and Chilean populations, and possibly in multiple pregnancies.
		The goals of treating cholestasis of pregnancy are to relieve the itching and prevent complications.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/peds_hrpregnant/cholesta.cfm (437 words)

	Chapter 14 - Section 9: First Principles of Gastroenterology
		Cholestasis simply means failure of flow of bile.
		In children, total parenteral nutrition is a well-recognized cause of cholestasis that is thought to be due to the amino acid content interrupting bile acid uptake by the liver.
		If the history, physical and ultrasound all support a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis, then a liver biopsy may be indicated to make a diagnosis, if this is not already obvious at the bedside (e.g., sepsis, drug reactions).
	gastroresource.com /GITextbook/en/Chapter14/14-9.htm (1810 words)

	Obstetric Cholestasis - Patient UK
		Obstetric cholestasis is an uncommon complication of pregnancy which causes a build up of bile acids in the bloodstream.
		Cholestasis means there is a reduced flow of bile down the bile ducts in the liver.
		One theory is that women who develop obstetric cholestasis may inherit a slight problem with the way bile is made and passes down the bile ducts.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/23068933 (1722 words)

	Cholestasis Information on Healthline
		Cholestasis is a condition caused by rapidly developing (acute) or long-term (chronic) interruption in the excretion of bile (a digestive fluid that helps the body process fat).
		Intrahepatic cholestasis is characterized by widespread blockage of small ducts or by disorders, such as hepatitis, that impair the body's ability to eliminate bile.
		A woman who develops cholestasis from either of these causes (pregnancy or birth control hormones) has an increased risk of developing cholestasis from the other.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/cholestasis (714 words)

	Cholestasis - Histopathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cholestasis is stagnation of bile due to impairment of bile flow along its outflow tract leading to accumulation of bile components in the blood.
		CANALICULAR CHOLESTASIS: Presence of bile thrombi in bile canaliculi.
		It is observed in extrahepatic biliary obstruction and primary cholestasis such as PBC (primary biliary cirrhosis) and PSC (primary sclerosing cholangitis).
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/medEd/orfpath/choles.htm (498 words)

	Drug-induced cholestasis
		Drug-induced cholestasis is the blockage of the flow of bile from the liver caused by medication.
		Bile is produced in the liver, moved to the gallbladder and excreted into the gut through the biliary tract, to aid in the digestion of fats.
		Drugs which cause cholestasis (absence of flow of bile) may damage the liver.
	www.healthtalk.com /crohnsdisease/encyclopedia/?p=1/000218.htm (336 words)

	Cholestasis Information on Healthline
		Extrahepatic cholestasis -- which occurs outside the liver -- can be caused by bile duct tumors, strictures, cysts, diverticula, and other damage.
		Intrahepatic cholestasis -- which occurs inside the liver -- can be caused by sepsis (generalized infection), bacterial abscess, drugs, total parenteral nutrition (being fed intravenously), lymphoma, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and amyloidosis.
		Cholestasis caused by medication typically resolves but can lead to liver failure.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/cholestasis (341 words)

	Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare inherited condition in which children are unable to drain bile from the liver even though the large bile ducts are open (called cholestasis).
		In many cases, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis leads to cirrhosis (irreversible scarring of the liver) and liver failure within the first 10 years of life.
		Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is caused by defects in several genes that produce proteins needed for bile formation and the "transportation" or flow of bile throughout the body.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /svc/alpha/l/liver/diseases/pfic.htm (1184 words)

	Obstetric cholestasis -- Milkiewicz et al. 324 (7330): 123 -- BMJ
		The aetiology of obstetric cholestasis is undoubtedly multifactorial, with genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors having
		Effects of ursodeoxycholec acid on conjugated bile acids and progesterone metabolites in serum and urine of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
		Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: the severe form is associated with common variants of the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter ABCB4 gene.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/324/7330/123 (1265 words)

	obstetric cholestasis
		Even though this sad outcome is rare any woman with cholestasis would continue to be monitored throughout the pregnancy in order to establish that the foetus was developing normally.
		However, with obstetric cholestasis the itching is usually confined to the limbs and is frequently worse at night.
		Alcohol has no effect on obstetric cholestasis however it is wise to reduce alcohol intake during pregnancy or perhaps better still to avoid it altogether.
	www.irishhealth.com /?level=4&id=2159 (606 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Obstetric cholestasis
		Obstetric cholestasis is a condition of the liver that can occur during the second or third trimester.
		Although the cause of obstetric cholestasis isn't known, both genetic and hormonal factors are thought to play a part.
		Women with obstetric cholestasis may be offered an induced birth or Caesarean delivery after 37 weeks in an attempt to avoid a stillbirth.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/obstetriccholestasis1.shtml (877 words)

	Cholestasis on Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cholestasis is a condition caused by rapidly developing (acute) or long-term (chronic) interruption in the excretion of bile (a digestive fluid that helps...
		Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia in pediatric intensive care unit patients.
		The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia in a pediatric intensive
	www.findarticles.com /p/search?tb=art&qt=Cholestasis (580 words)

	cholestasis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bremmelgaard A, Sjovall J 1980 Hydroxylation of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis.
		Brites D 2002 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: changes in maternal-fetal bile acid balance and improvement by ursodeoxycholic acid.
		Chen HL 2006 Sonographic diagnosis in infantile cholestasis.
	home.insightbb.com /~rhodesdavid/cholstas.htm (10206 words)

	Obstetric Cholestasis
		Obstetric cholestasis, sometimes called OC or cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver disorder that a few pregnant women may get.
		Cholestasis means a condition where the flow of bile from the liver is reduced.
		The aim of the Obstetric Cholestasis (OC) Help and Information Line is to provide support to mothers who have the condition and information to those who think they may have had the condition but need to be diagnosed.
	www.forparentsbyparents.com /pregnancy_complications_oc.html (241 words)

	Drug-induced Cholestasis
		The acute forms are subdivided into cholestasis without inflammation ("bland" cholestasis), cholestasis with inflammation, and cholestasis with bile duct injury.
		Drugs that cause cholestasis with bile duct injury often are accompanied by additional clinical features such as fever, rigors, jaundice, and tender hepatomegaly mimicking acute cholangitis.
		The most important tool in the diagnosis of drug-induced cholestasis is a careful medical history eliciting from the patient a history of taking prescribed, over-the-counter, or alternative medications including herbs.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /diseasemanagement/gastro/segments/di_cholestasis.htm (276 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		In obstetric cholestasis, the pruritus is typically worse at night, is often widespread, and may involve the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.
		The skin should be inspected and care must be taken to differentiate dermatographia artefacta (skin trauma from intense scratching), which may be seen in obstetric cholestasis, from other common skin conditions such as eczema and pruritic eruption of pregnancy.
		Other evidence of cholestasis should be sought, including pale stool, dark urine, and family history of obstetric cholestasis.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=8568 (1419 words)

	* Cholestasis - (Disease): Definition
		Cholestasis with peripheral pulmonary stenosis: Also known as arteriohepatic dysplasia or Alagille syndrome, this ia a genetic disorder characterized by yellowing of the skin (jaundice) in the newborn period, liver disease with cholestasis,...
		CHOLESTASIS - An arrest of the normal flow of bile.
		This may occur due to a blockage of the bile ducts resulting in an elevation of bilirubin in the bloodstream (jaundice).
	en.mimi.hu /disease/cholestasis.html (288 words)

	LYMPHEDEMA CHOLESTASIS SYNDROME
		Aagenaes syndrome is due to congenital hypoplasia of lymph vessels, which causes lymphedema of the legs and recurrent cholestasis in infancy, and slow progress to hepatic cirrhosis and giant-cell hepatitis with fibrosis of the portal tracts
		Aagenaes (1974) therefore suggested the designation 'hereditary cholestasis of Norwegian type,' when cholestasis is combined with lymphedema.
		Aagenaes, O. Hereditary cholestasis with lymphoedema (Aagenaes syndrome, cholestasis-lymphoedema syndrome): new cases and follow-up from infancy to adult age.
	www.lymphedemapeople.com /thesite/lymphedema_cholestasis_syndrome.htm (824 words)

	Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
		Patients should be advised that cholestasis of pregnancy recurs in up to 70 percent of subsequent pregnancies [17].
		Rioseco A., et al Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study of perinatal outcome.
		Unusual case of severe cholestasis of pregnancy with early onset, improved by ursodeoxycholic acid administration.
	www.obfocus.com /SanGabriel/guidelines/Cholestasis.htm (753 words)

	Australia : Obstetric Cholestasis Claims Medical Negligence Compensation
		The condition giving rise to obstetric cholestasis claims for medical negligence compensation affects about 1% of women during pregnancy and is a liver disorder caused by a reduced production of bile fluids which causes temporary itching, particularly on the hands and feet, which disappears within a few weeks after delivery.
		The condition poses a serious risk of harm to the baby and unless it is recognized promptly and treated properly can be fatal to the unborn child.
		The itching usually starts on the soles of the feet and the palms, extending to the rest of the body and is usually worst during the night.
	www.medneg.com.au /cholestasis.html (434 words)

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