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	Cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatomas are expanding lesions of the temporal bone that are composed of a stratified squamous epithelial outer lining and a desquamated keratin center.
		The pathogenesis of secondary acquired cholesteatomas is attempted to be explained by several theories: the implantation theory, the metaplasia theory, and the epithelial invasion theory.
		The expansion of cholesteatomas combined with the propensity of infection result in numerous complications that include ossicular chain destruction, exposure of the membranous labyrinth, exposure of the facial nerve and dura, and infection of the mastoid and intracranial spaces.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Cholest-060125/Cholest-060125.htm (3855 words)

	Cholesteatoma: Pathogenesis and Surgical Management
		Cholesteatoma (keratoma) represents the presence of a non-neoplastic accumulation of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium along with desquamated keratin debris in the tympanic cavity and/or mastoid.
		Congenital cholesteatoma involving the middle ear is usually evident as a white or pearly mass medial to the anterosuperior quadrant of an intact tympanic membrane.
		Intact canal wall mastoidectomy is suitable in cases with a cholesteatoma in the attic, antrum, and possibly the posterior mesotympanum with an adequately aerated middle ear and mastoid.
	www.otohns.net /?id=14061 (5371 words)

	ESG: Otitis Media and Cholesteatoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, the middle ear behind the eardrum.
		A cholesteatoma usually occurs because of poor eustachian tube function as well as infection in the middle ear.
		The primary purpose of the surgery is to remove the cholesteatoma and infection, and achieve an infection-free, dry ear.
	www.earspecialtygroup.com /dis_chol_frm.html (669 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 129, Ear Disorders
		A cholesteatoma is an enlarging sac of squamous epithelium containing keratin debris located in the middle ear or mastoid.
		Cholesteatoma is frequently detected during examination but needs to be confirmed by CT. For episodic purulent drainage, oral and ototopical antibiotic therapy is used.
		Cholesteatomas usually result when the space medial to the pars flaccida (the thin, superior part of the tympanic membrane) is poorly ventilated, which leads to retraction of the tympanic membrane.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec15/ch129/ch129h.jsp (362 words)

	Cholesteatoma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding sac in the middle ear and/or mastoid process.
		A cholesteatoma cyst consists of desquamating (peeling) layers of scaly or keratinised (horny) layers of epithelium, which may also contain cholesterol crystals.
		A history of ear infection or flooding of the ear during swimming should be taken seriously and investigated as cholesteatoma should be considered a possible outcome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cholesteatoma (391 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		A cholesteatoma is a benign growth of skin in an abnormal location such as the middle ear or petrous apex.
		If the cholesteatoma is rather extensive and adherent to the inner ear or facial nerve, it may not be possible to remove the entire cholesteatoma and a radical mastoidectomy is performed.
		The portion of the cholesteatoma that is adherent to the inner ear and/or facial nerve is left.
	www.earsite.com /tumors/cholesteatoma.html (1826 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatomas often take the form of a cyst or pouch that sheds layers of old skin that builds up inside the ear.
		Hearing and balance tests, x-rays of the mastoid (the skull bone next to the ear), and CAT scans (3-D x-rays) of the mastoid may be necessary.
		Cholesteatoma is a serious but treatable ear condition which can only be diagnosed by medical examination.
	www.drportnoy.com /education/cholesteatoma.html (713 words)

	Pediatric Cholesteatoma
		Bluestone proposes that patients with acquired cholesteatoma have a functional obstruction of the eustachian tube and are thus predisposed to high negative middle ear pressures.
		Cholesteatoma in children is widely considered to be a more aggressive disease than in the adult population for two major reasons.
		Cholesteatoma was found involving the posterior half of the eardrum, extending towards the epitympanum and antrum.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/10793.html (2061 words)

	eMedicine - Middle Ear, Cholesteatoma : Article by Peter S Roland, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The typical congenital cholesteatoma is found in the anterior mesotympanum or in the perieustachian tube area.
		Occasionally, a cholesteatoma that is produced by surgical implantation of squamous epithelium manifests prior to disruption of the tympanic membrane, but even in such cases, the cholesteatoma eventually produces a tympanic membrane perforation.
		Reoperation for cholesteatomas occurs in 5% or fewer patients.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic220.htm (6726 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatoma is an abnormal accumulation of keratin-producing squamous epithelium in the middle ear, epitympanum, mastoid or petrous apex.
		It refers to cholesteatomas present behind an intact tympanic membrane, without continuity to the external ear canal and in the absence of etiological factors such as tympanic membrane perforation and a history of ear infections.
		The exact mechanism or pathogenesis of cholesteatoma is not clearly identified, however, neither the aggressiveness of the disease nor the description of it’s key elements are debated.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Cholesteatoma-020918/Cholesteatoma.htm (3601 words)

	eMedicine - Cholesteatoma : Article Excerpt by: Peter S Roland, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Occasionally, a cholesteatoma fills with keratinous debris and reaches a size within the cranium sufficient to distort normal brain function and produce mass effects and CNS dysfunction.
		Enzymatic activity at the margin of the cholesteatoma enhances osteoclastic activity, which greatly increases the speed of bone erosion.
		Cholesteatoma remains a relatively common cause of permanent, moderate, conductive hearing loss.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/cholesteatoma.htm (488 words)

	Ear infections due to cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatoma can be a congenital defect, but it more commonly occurs as a complication of chronic ear infections.
		In a healthy ear, it is filled with air; however, in cholesteatoma, this area becomes filled with irritated mucous membranes and the cholesteatoma itself often grows into this bone.
		In most cases of cholesteatoma, the mastoid bone is filled with irritated mucous membranes and cholesteatoma itself often grows into this bone.
	www.chennaionline.com /health/ENT/2006/11ent-02.asp (1031 words)

	Cholesteatoma, chronic ear problems, hearing loss, ear drum perforations, ear drainage, chronic ear disease; common ...
		A cholesteatoma is a slow-growing mass that may erode adjacent structures including the middle ear bones, (malleus: "hammer", incus: "anvil", and stapes: "stirrup") and the bone surrounding the ear next to the brain.
		In rare instances, a cholesteatoma may form due to skin tissue that is trapped behind the tympanic membrane during fetal development.
		These cholesteatomas usually represent small "Pearls" or cysts that are directly attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane or one of the ear bones.
	www.pediatric-ent.com /learning/problems/cholesteatoma.htm (1135 words)

	Cholesteatoma: A Serious Ear Condition
		Cholesteatomas often take the form of a cyst or pouch which sheds layers of old skin that builds up inside the ear.
		Admission to the hospital is usually done the morning of surgery, and if the surgery is per-formed early in the morning, discharge maybe the same day.
		The material may be freely used for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inc., One Prince Street Alexandria, VA 22314.
	www.entassociates.com /cholesteatoma.htm (853 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatoma is a nonneoplastic lesion of the middle ear space or mastoid that is histologically characterized by a progressive bone erosion of the ossicles and surrounding bone.
		We found that the number of cholesteatoma operations has decreased, from 413 operations in the 10 years before ventilation tubes were used to 228 operations over the last 10 years.
		Cholesteatoma in children should be operated on while stapes is present.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/cholesteatoma.htm (1197 words)

	Cholesteatoma - Health Centers
		Cholesteatoma is a type of cyst located in the middle ear.
		Cholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital), but it more commonly occurs as a complication of chronic ear infection.
		Cholesteatomas usually continue to grow if not removed.
	www.wsbtv.com /encyclopedia/6861427/detail.html (444 words)

	Cholesteatoma - New Treatments, January 2, 2007
		A cholesteatoma is a benign skin tumor, usually occurring in the middle ear and mastoid spaces.
		Acquired cholesteatomas usually break through the tympanic membrane and present as white debris or with drainage in the ear canal.
		Acquired cholesteatomas have a classic recurrent draining nature that subsides or disappears during a course of antibiotics and resumes at the conclusion of therapy.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals3a/cholesteatomas.htm (609 words)

	Cholesteatoma - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Congenital cholesteatomas are more often found in the anterior aspect of the ear drum, in contrast to acquired cholesteatomas that usually arise from the pars flaccida region of the ear drum in the posterior-superior aspect of the ear drum.
		Detailed information about the causes of Cholesteatoma including medication causes and drug interaction causes can be found in our causes pages.
		With a diagnosis of Cholesteatoma, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Cholesteatoma.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /c/cholesteatoma/intro.htm (696 words)

	Ear Surgery Information Center-Cholesteatoma Surgery
		Most cholesteatomas require that an incision be made behind the ear to expose the tumor adequately.
		If a regrowth of cholesteatoma is found, the tumor is again removed and reconstruction may be delayed for another 6 months or a year.
		Pressure or irritation by the cholesteatoma on the facial nerve may then result in facial weakness or actual paralysis of the face on the side of the involved ear.
	www.earsurgery.org /surgcho.html (822 words)

	The Balance Center: Cholesteatoma and Mastoid Surgery
		A cholesteatoma is a sac of skin that arises off the eardrum and erodes into the middle ear and mastoid bone.
		The choice between performing a canal wall up and canal down mastoidectomy is dependent on the degree of damage the cholesteatoma has done to the ear and mas-toid bone and the condition of the ear and mastoid bone at the time of surgery.
		However, the disadvantage of the canal wall up mastoidectomy is that it has a lesser chance of clearing the cholesteatoma and a higher chance of recurrence of a cholesteatoma at a later date.
	www.pennhealth.com /ent/balance/hi/cholest.html (992 words)

	Cholesteatoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cholesteatomas are benign growths of skin in the middle ear and mastoid.
		Cholesteatomas left untreated can go on to cause serious and sometimes life threatening health problems, such as meningitis or brain abscess.
		Cholesteatomas can develop in both children and adults.
	www.ohsu.edu /ent/ear/chol.html (83 words)

	Cholesteatoma - Children's Hospital Boston
		Cholesteatoma is an abnormal accumulation of skin behind the eardrum or the air cells behind the ear called the mastoid.
		Presentation of a cholesteatoma varies and may range from few symptoms to multiple symptoms.
		The main priority in cholesteatoma surgery is total irradication of disease.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site716/printerfriendlypageS716P0.html (153 words)

	Cholesteatoma and Chronic Mastoiditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cholesteatoma is an epithelial cyst (made from the tissue and cells that make skin).
		Cholesteatomas grow slowly, yet are able to erode and destroy bone in their path.
		Cholesteatoma surgery can be lengthy, since it requires meticulous microdissection, but success rates for control of cholesteatoma are high and risks of surgery are low.
	www.nycornell.org /ent/cholesteatoma.html (281 words)

	cholesteatoma - OmniMedicalSearch.com - cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatoma can be a congenital (present at birth) defect, but it more commonly occurs as a complication of.
		Cholesteatoma can be a congenital defect, but it more commonly occurs as a complication of.
		Medical information changes rapidly and while OmniMedicalSearch.com and its content providers make efforts to update the content on the site, some information may be out of date and therefore the information should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease without the supervision of a medical doctor.
	www.omnimedicalsearch.com /sr_cholesteatoma.html (548 words)

	Cholesteatoma Information on Healthline
		The only known treatment is surgical removal of the cholesteatoma.
		Surgery may involve the creation of a common area in the middle ear and mastoid bone that may need to be periodically cleaned by the surgeon.
		Surgical treatment is effective, but there may be a need for periodic cleaning or repeat surgery if the cholesteatoma recurs.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/cholesteatoma (296 words)

	Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Acquired cholesteatomas are inflammatory lesions that may occur at any age, but are more commonly seen in patients less than 30 years.
		The most accepted theory for acquired cholesteatoma formation in the middle ear is the result of squamous epithelium ingrowth through the tympanic membrane.
		Pars flaccida cholesteatoma: These are the most common form of acquired cholesteatoma and begin in Prussak's space (the superior recess of the tympanic membrane), which opens posteriorly into the epitympanum.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/mcr/hcache/263/full.html (377 words)

	Cholesteatoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs in an abnormal location, usually in the middle ear behind the eardrum.
		It is most commonly due to repeated infection, which causes an ingrowth of the skin of the eardrum.
		Meningitis, dizziness, and facial muscle paralysis are rare but can result from continued cholesteatoma growth.
	www.entcolumbia.org /cholest.htm (394 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		The writer reports that her young son has had two operations for cholesteatoma; she states that the doctor "botched" the operation, and he is now completely deaf in the operated ear.
		Since cholesteatomas are potentially deadly (and are, at the very least, extremely destructive), complete removal of the cholesteatoma is the ear surgeon’s first priority.
		In other words, there is a first stage (in which the cholesteatoma is removed) and a second stage (in which the hearing is restored.) Typically, the doctor will allow 6 months to pass between the two stages.
	www.doctorhoffman.com /xcholes.htm (664 words)

	Chronic Otitis Media and Cholesteatoma
		A cholesteatoma is a skin growth that occurs behind the eardrum.
		The downside to having a canal-wall-up tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy is that residual cholesteatoma within the middle ear or mastoid space may grow asymptomatically, until it reaches an ext remely large and dangerous size.
		This is a thin sheet of rubbery plastic that prevents scar tissue from forming between the eardrum and the inner ear, simplifying the second surgery.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/jsolab/tm_me_mastoid/chron_OM_cholesteatoma.htm (799 words)

	Cholesteatoma
		Cholesteatoma usually occurs as a complication of chronic ear infection.
		Cholesteatoma may also be caused by a congenital defect.
		If cholesteatoma is not treated properly, complications may occur.
	www.mamashealth.com /ear/cho.asp (215 words)

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