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Topic: Cholistan Desert

	Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In some parts of world deserts are created by a rain shadow effect in which air masses lose of their moisture as they move over mountain range ; other areas are arid by virtue being very far from the nearest available of moisture (this is true in some landmass interior locations particularly in Asia).
		Midlatitude deserts occur between 30° and 50° and S. poleward of the subtropical highpressure These deserts are in interior drainage basins far from oceans and have a range of annual temperatures.
		Rain shadow deserts are formed because tall ranges prevent moisture-rich clouds from reaching areas the lee or protected side of the As air rises over the mountain water precipitated and the air loses its moisture A desert is formed in the leeside of the range.
	www.freeglossary.com /Desert (2768 words)

	CHOLISTAN - Explore the Beauties of PAKISTAN with Sherazi - ContactPakistan.com
		Cholistan is a land of legends, myths, velour, romance, folk melodies and regal elegance.
		Cholistan is one of the fantasy regions for local as well foreign tourists, geologists, historians, archaeologists and naturalists.
		Cholistan Development Authority could think of piped water for drinking (and irrigation) on the lines as it is being used in Saudi Arabia or lift canal system as employed by Americans in California.
	www.contactpakistan.com /ExplorePakistan/Cholistan.html (1394 words)

	Rainwater harvesting in Cholistan desert -DAWN - Business; July 7, 2003
		Cholistan is one of the four major deserts of Pakistan, which because of extreme aridity lacks fresh water resources to meet the needs of the local inhabitants and their livestock.
		Water management in deserts could be done by: (i) rainwater harvesting (ii) soil moisture retention (iii) controlling seepage and evaporation losses from water storage facilities (iv) improving water use efficiency of the irrigation system (v) pre-treatment of saline groundwater and (vi) saline agriculture.
		The 50 mm rainfall of February 2003 in Cholistan supplied the newly constructed tobas with an estimated amount of 0.581 MCM of water.
	www.dawn.com /2003/07/07/ebr9.htm (1414 words)

	Cholistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These fairs and festivals were not held for the sake of pleasure alone, but their venues also served as places where city dwellers, farmers and nomads would meet once or twice a year to exchange their wares and good directly or through the intermediary of bazaar dealers.
		In the desert areas of Pakistan the utility of such fairs cannot be denied that are parts of valley's social structure now.
		The Saraiki language is an Indo-Aryan speech, and is spoken in Cholistan as well as in a large part of central Pakistan.
	www.websitepakistan.com /cholistan/cholistan5.htm (1424 words)

	Learn more about Desert in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In physical geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that receives little precipitation.
		Non-polar deserts are hot because they have little water.
		In many parts of the world deserts are created by a rain shadow effect in which air masses lose much of their moisture as they move over a mountain range.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /d/de/desert.html (322 words)

	Cholistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cholistan is a composed of dry, wet, and green area.
		The economy of Cholistan depends on rain though on the whole it can be considered as a rainless tract.
		The areas in Lesser Cholistan are now irrigated by canals, and have got a refreshingly green wooded appearance.
	www.wspak.com /cholistan/cholistan4.htm (301 words)

	NATEXAMINER: Biomes - Desert
		Desert soil is often composed mostly of rocky surfaces called regs.
		Deserts are also classified by their geographical location and dominant weather pattern as trade wind, mid-latitude, rain shadow, coastal, monsoon, or polar deserts.
		The remaining surfaces of arid lands are composed of exposed bedrock outcrops, desert soils, and fluvial deposits including alluvial fans, playas, desert lakes, and oases/oasis.
	www.natexaminer.com /biomes/desert.html (2470 words)

	Cholistan Desert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cholistan Desert (Urdu: صحرائے چولستان) is located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
		It continues as the Thar Desert in the eastern part of the province of Sind in Pakistan as well as in India.
		Thar Desert]] in the eastern part of the province of Sind in Pakistan as well as in India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cholistan_Desert (198 words)

	Catch Water Newsletter December 2000
		Cholistan, is an extension of the Great Indian Desert, which includes the Thar Desert in Sindh province of Pakistan and Rajasthan desert in India.
		Greater Cholistan is the name given to the southern part of the desert, which consists mostly of sand dunes, ridges and depressions.
		The climate of Cholistan is arid (see Table 1), a sub-tropical continent type characterized by low and sporadic rainfall, high temperature, low relative humidity and a high rate of evaporation and strong summer winds.
	www.rainwaterharvesting.org /catchwater/apr2001/research_paper.htm (699 words)

	W e l c o m e @ To Y o u O n M y W e b @ All Of Yours ``-_-`` ``-_-`` -( `v )v )- ` . . `. . ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Where they were impressed by the uniqueness of life in Cholistan, they were moved by the hardships of the people due to inadequate arrangements for the supply of water to 118,000 human beings and 1.6 million of their live-stock.
		The principal desert tribes are Chachar, the Mehr, the Larr, the Paryar, the Channar, the Chandni and the Bohar.
		The desert festivals are simply out of this world, you may see camels dancing (except those with two left humps) who are even better dressed in dazzling costumes than their owners.
	www.geocities.com /masifnaz/manaz/chlistan.htm (5537 words)

	Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A dune in the [[Egyptian desert]] In geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that receives little precipitation.
		Montaine deserts are arid places with a very high altitude; the most prominent example is found north of the Himalaya, in parts of the Kunlun Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau.
		Nearly 50 percent of desert surfaces are plains where eolian deflation--removal of fine-grained material by the wind--has exposed loose gravels consisting predominantly of pebbles but with occasional cobbles.
	desert.kiwiki.homeip.net (2658 words)

	Desert
		Compared to other regions this is often true, but upon closer examination, deserts often hold a wealth of life that usually remains hidden to preserve moisture.
		The desert is often composed of sand; it may also consist mainly of rocky terrain or salt flats.
		In many other parts of the world deserts are created by the rain shadow effect[?] in which air masses lose some of their water whenever they move over a mountain range.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Desert.html (196 words)

	Kanjoo Home Page - VirtualTourist.com
		This basin is divided from that of Ganges by a desert known as Cholistan in Bahawalpur division and thar in Sindh.
		To its north and west is river Sutlej, to its east and south lies the desert region of Rajasthan, while its south western boundary is bounded by the desert region of the province of Sindh.
		Cholistan girls are fond of jewlery and colors, the population is mixed almost 50% muslim and same number of Marwari tribes of Hindus in Cholistan.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/8262e (1104 words)

	Desert - Gurupedia
		These deserts are in interior drainage basins far from oceans and have a wide range of annual temperatures.
		Crescent-shaped dunes are common in coastal deserts such as the Namib Desert, Africa, with prevailing onshore winds.
		Pakistan are parts of a monsoon desert region west of the ranqe.
	www.gurupedia.com /a/ar/arid.htm (2580 words)

	Cholistan Desert
		The Cholistan Desert is located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
		It continues as the Thar Desert in India.
		The dry bed of the Hakra River runs through the area, along which many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilisation have been found.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Cholistan_Desert.html (42 words)

	Cholistan Desert or Rohi Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This famous desert is 30 Km from Bahawalpur and comprises of an area of 16,000 sq.km.
		The people of Cholistan lead a semi-nomadic life, moving from one place to another in search of water and fodder for their animals.
		Costumes: The costumes of women in Cholistan are embroidered and printed colourful 'Cholid', ordinary and long embroidered shirt, baggy shalwars, dupattas and 'Chunries', Ghagras which are prepared beautifully in strong contrast.
	www.geocities.com /pakistanpoint/cholistan (512 words)

	Thar Desert Summary
		The Thar Desert, or Great Indian Desert, is an arid region of 208,000 square kilometers in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan; it is the largest desert in South Asia.
		I had seen bits of the Thal Desert in Punjab some years before that and both deserts disappointed me. There were no real wind-sculpted sand dunes like I had seen in pictures of the Sahara, Gobi or Takla Makan deserts.
		From Cholistan in Punjab I knew of the ponds they called tobas that, being filled up after the rains, were used as reservoirs for the drier months by both man and beast.
	www.bookrags.com /Thar_Desert (4273 words)

	Thesis Library of Higher Education Commission
		Desert Grasses Germplasm of Panicum Antidotale and Lasiurus Scindicus from Cholistan, Pakistan.
		Beginning 1988 several expeditions were made in Cholistan desert to collect the perennial grass germplasm of the desert grasses including Panicum antidotale and Lasiurus scindicus from different habitats.
		The excellent growth of E2 may be due to its adaptability because it was collected from the same desert area where the experiment was conducted.
	www.hec.gov.pk /htmls/thesis/thesis_detail.asp?op=183 (1062 words)

	Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although rainfall is very low in deserts of Pakistan (ranging between 100 and 250 mm per annum) even then rainwater is the primary source of fresh water.
		The native palatable forage plant species in the Cholistan desert are vanishing and the range-lands are going to be deteriorated due to overgrazing.
		Jojoba Cultivation at Dingarh in the Cholistan Desert
	www.pcrwr.gov.pk /rc_bahawalpur_activities.htm (3427 words)

	Sarasvati River: History
		Wheat and barley are fairly well distributed (except in the desert area), as are pulses (the edible seeds of legumes, such as peas, beans, and lentils), sugarcane, and oilseeds.
		The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land toward the east.
		Continuing southward, the Achhrro Thar (White Sand Desert) occurs in the middle of the belt and is followed by the Thar Desert (q.v.) in the southeast.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/sarasvati/sarasvati_river/history.html (2692 words)

	Pakistan Water Gateway - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The mass exodus from the desert during the dry spell will be reduced considerably after the completion of the project.
		He said besides bringing ecological changes in Cholistan, the project will also bring a positive change in the desert’s social and economic sectors.
		He said one lakh population of Cholistan herds over 2 million cattle heads and water was the fundamental element needed not only for the human life but also the livestock.
	www.waterinfo.net.pk /a_Detail.cfm?ID=828 (488 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is shocking to learn that some 25 women and children have died of thirst in Cholistan.
		While a local official has now said that they died of thirst while travelling in a remote desert area, it should not absolve the government of its basic responsibility of providing drinking water to its citizens.
		In any case all of Cholistan is basically a remote desert area and in that context what the official is seeing seems a bit facetious.
	www.thenews.com.pk /print1.asp?id=15505 (258 words)

	SparkNotes: Shabanu: Guluband
		Shabanu and her older sister Phulan are bringing water home from the toba, the pond near the girls' nomadic home in the Cholistan desert.
		Her sentences are short, direct, elegant, and evocative of her surroundings: her clothes, now worn, were as blue as "the winter sky", the heat is "wicked", silk is yellow, "the color of mustard blooms", Grandfather's voice is "as rough as the windblown sand".
		The presence of an unimaginable but undeniable future in Shabanu's narrative makes her idyllic life in the desert with her doting parents seem to be only a reprieve, as brief and ultimately powerless as the reprieve granted by the rain.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/shabanu/section1.html (1368 words)

	PIAs Cholistan Tour
		Chol is Turkish for desert but this was once a land of pastures, a land where a river once flowed.
		Today Cholistan is a land of lost memories, of countless legends; a land that beckons you to share its immortal spirit.
		The people of the desert live in tall round huts shaped like steeples, which they build, on the highest hill and which keep out most of the sun.
	www.travel-culture.com /tours/pia-chol.shtml (721 words)

	SparkNotes: Shabanu: Character List
		She loves the desert and the sense of freedom it gives her more than anything in the world.
		She is a wise woman who understands the constraints and challenges of the world in which she lives and bears up under those constraints gracefully.
		He is a judicious and kind man. He is a politician and a respected holy man. He has three wives and falls in love with Shabanu the first time he sees her, despite the fact that she is young enough to be his granddaughter.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/shabanu/characters.html (866 words)

	Overview of UN System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One of the hard hit regions by the drought is Cholistan desert in the Bahawalpur Division located in southern Punjab on the Indo-Pak border.
		The total area of Cholistan is 26,330 square kilometers and it has a population of about 150,000 people who live in small settlements all over the desert.
		UNDP, in close cooperation with FAO is rushing a team to the affected area to impart the necessary training to the staff of the Livestock Department and BRDP in the proper use of these blocks.
	www.un.org.pk /food-cholistan.htm (559 words)

	Safari Pakistan (Jeep Safari ... Cholistan Camel Safari)
		The great Cholistan desert extends over 1700 square kilometers right into the Thar desert of Rajasthan, India.
		Camps in the desert and visiting nomad settlements on the camels back will make this cultural trip eventual.
		Bahawalpur is small but prosperous, and it’s an ideal starting point for safaris into the Cholistan desert.
	www.htt.com.pk /jeepsafari_cholistan_camel.html (358 words)

	Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rainwater can play an important role as a source of water development to provide water for agriculture on small scale and to provide water for human and livestock population in the desert, if it is harvested and stored scientifically.
		The main land use of Cholistan is grazing of livestock.
		It indicates that if desert lands are brought under grassland by saline water irrigation then the carrying capacity for livestock can be enhanced 10 to 35 times as compared to natural desert lands.
	www.pcrwr.gov.pk /rc_bahawalpur_projects.htm (3187 words)

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