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Topic: Chondrophore

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Velella

Siphonophore

Actiniaria

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Pennatulacea

Scyphozoa

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	Chondrophore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chondrophores are an order of hydrozoans, gelatinous marine animals superficially resembling jellyfish.
		Although related to jellyfish, chondrophores are actually colonial animals; like the Portuguese man o' war, chondrophores are an orderly cooperativeof polyps.
		At the mercy of winds and currents, chondrophores are pelagic and driftaimlessly in the open ocean.
	www.therfcc.org /chondrophore-313619.html (267 words)

	Methods and Equipment
		For large surf clams, a portion of the chondrophore is first excised using a pair of 25.4 cm (10 in) diameter diamond-impregnated sawblades spaced 4 mm apart and mounted in a high-speed (1725 rpm) saw unit (Fig.
		Surf clams have a chondrophore in each valve of a pair, so the second valve may be processed if the first does not produce a suitable thin-section.
		The annuli are translucent and in sharp contrast to opaque growth increments.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /fbi/age-man/meth/meth.htm (3526 words)

	Species Information: Surfclam
		The preparation of a chondrophore for examination includes excision from the valve by a pair of diamond-impregnated blades, gluing the excised chondrophore onto a slide, and production of a thin-section (0.25 mm thick) using a low-speed saw.
		Occasionally chondrophores have incomplete hyaline zones, particularly in the case of annuli formed after the tenth year of life.
		These are narrow hyaline zones in the middle of a chondrophore that fail to clearly extend to the lateral edges (Fig.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /femad/pbio/fbi/age-man/surf/surftext.htm (1387 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Photographic enlargements of thin sectioned chondrophores from surfclams: (a) 139 mm (shell length) age 8; and (b) 137 mm (shell length) age 13.
		The first annulus formed in the life of a surfclam is sometimes faint (arrow indicates a bold annulus in the chondrophore of the upper clam).
		The most recent annulus at the marginal edge of these chondrophores was not completely formed.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /fbi/age-man/surf/surf1.htm (63 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chondrophore
		Velella is a genus of chondrophores commonly known as by-the-wind sailors.
		Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of processed cellulose.
		Photomontage of plankton organisms Plankton is the aggregate community of weakly swimming but mostly drifting small organisms that inhabit the water column of the ocean, seas, and bodies of freshwater.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chondrophore (793 words)

	Bulletin No.35
		The posteriorly truncated outline and subinternal radial threads may remind one of those of Nucula paulula Adams, 1856, a common Japanese nuculid, but, so far as we observed the specimens of that species from several localities, the shell grows much larger, and the Pd I is much smaller and not saucer-shaped.
		In view of the undeveloped chondrophore, continuously arcuate dorsal margin and relatively few palaeotaxodont teeth, this species is referable to Pronucula rather than Nucula (s.
		It resembles Promicula decorosa Hedley, 1902, the type species of this genus, from the lower sublittoral bottom of New South Wales, but the outline is more trigonal and the posterior part is more reduced.
	www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp /publish_db/Bulletin/no35/no35007.html (942 words)

	[No title]
		Hinge with distinct cuplike chondrophore and strong lateral teeth crenulated on inner side, visible with hand lens even in very small - 3/8 in.
		The most recently developed technique for aging surf clams is thin-sectioning of the chondrophore (located in the hinge of the clam).
		Marks on the sectioned chondrophore correspond to those on the cut and polished shell.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/macsis/lists/M060001.htm (3132 words)

	Bulletin No.35
		Pronucula is a small sized nuculid genus which seems to be characterized by small shell-size, arcuate (instead of angular) hinge-line, fine marginal crenulations and relatively small number of palaeotaxodont teeth.
		The resilifer is subvertical, flanked by a pair of tooth-like projections and different from the oblique chondrophore of Nucucla and Acila, while this is probably a paedomorphic feature.
		Pronucula, together with Austronucula, had been known predominantly from the lower neritic to abyssal substrates of the southern hemisphere (Hedley, 1902; Dell, 1956; Powell, 1958; Knudsen, 1970).
	www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp /publish_db/Bulletin/no35/no35006.html (599 words)

	Mya arenaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Distinctive hinge with an erect spoon-like tooth (chondrophore) located under the beak in left valve.
		Pallial sinus deep, reaching to the middle of the shell.
		The large projecting chondrophore in lv distinguishes it from any of the otter shells (Lutraria).
	www.ciesm.org /atlas/Myaarenaria.html (452 words)

	Technical key (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the two scars are of similar size (although shape may vary), the umbones are near the middle of the shell margin and the hinge has teeth, a chondrophore or both.....
		If the hinge plates of both valves lack lateral teeth and the hinge ligament is internal.....
		(b) If the shell lacks a projecting chondrophore on either valve but does have a large bowl-like chondrophore recessed into the hinge plate of each valve and hinge teeth.....
	academic.evergreen.edu /t/thuesene/bivalves/tech_key.htm (530 words)

	Tresus capax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As with other members of family Mactridae, this species has 2 valves similar to one another and 2 adductor muscle scars that are similar in size (photo), has a true hinge plate with teeth and a socketlike chondrophore in both valves (photo), a pallial sinus and continuous pallial line (photo), and no radial ribs.
		Tresus capax has a shell often over 10 cm long (up to 20 cm) and with a wide gape (over 1/4 the width of the shell) at the posterior end (photo).
		There is a shelflike chondrophore and several hinge teeth on both hinge plates.
	people.wwc.edu /staff/cowlda/KeyToSpecies/Mollusca/Bivalvia/Veneroida/Mactridae/Tresus_capax.html (495 words)

	surf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The shell of a surf clam is moderately strong and triangular (about 200 mm wide).
		The hinge of the shell has a cuplike chondrophore and strong lateral teeth.
		The outside of the shell is fairly smooth.
	www.coldoceanaquarium.ca /Exhibits/surf.html (90 words)

	Biology and systematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the hinge point,within the shell, many bivalves have rounded projections called "teeth." There are two types of teeth in those bivalves that have them: lateral teeth and cardinal teeth.
		Cardinal teeth are tall and are located close to the umbo and chondrophore.
		The animal thereby expends less energy to keep itself open while feeding and strengthens the connection between the valves.
	academic.evergreen.edu /t/thuesene/bivalves/Biology.htm (741 words)

	Mactridae.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The middle cardinal borders the anterior edge of the chondrophore, which is fairly deep and oblique and seems to have been partly roofed over at the dorsal margin.
		Both the anterior and the posterior laterals are thin and bladelike, parallel and close to the dorsal margin and bordered dorsally by a moderately deep pit and ventrally by a very deep pit.
		Posterior end broadly rounded with faint suggestion of being truncated, the result of a somewhat obscure umbonal ridge between beaks and posterior end; anterior end broadly and regularly rounded; posterior dorsal edge long and gently convex; anterior dorsal edge straight, dorsal margin rather strongly depressed; suface smooth except for rather coarse irregular incremental lines.
	cmug.com /~chintimp/Mactridae.htm (7917 words)

	Key: Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With radial ribs distributed over most of the shell (in Lucina tenuisculpta, Lucinidae, the radial ribs may not be evident except where the periostracum has been worn away; in Serripes groenlandicus, Cardiidae, and in Semele rubropicta, Scrobiculariidae, the ribs are often faint, and they may be apparent only on certain portions of the shell)
		With a shelflike or spoonlike chondrophore projecting from the hinge plate of the left valve (there is no chondrophore of this type on the right valve); hinge plate of both valves without teeth; hinge ligament largely or completely internal
		Without a shelflike or spoonlike chondrophore projecting from the hinge plate of the left valve, but sometimes with a socketlike chondrophore in both valves (photo); hinge plate of both valves with teeth; hinge ligament generally external but sometimes almost completely internal
	people.wwc.edu /staff/cowlda/KeyToSpecies/Mollusca/Bivalvia/Mollusca_Bivalvia_Key.html (1956 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Re: Glaucus in New Zealand
		First they found some small round jellyfish ranging in size from a pin head to about 10mm across.
		The closest id they could get was Chondrophore.
		They found these jellyfish were the preferred food source for the Glaucus they kept.
	www.seaslugforum.net /display.cfm?id=618 (880 words)

	Symbiosis of Zooxanthellae in a Sea Anemone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The dinoflagellate Gloeodinium viscum is associated with the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma from the
		In addition, Scrippsiella velellae is the symbiont from the hydrozoan chondrophore Velella velella from the Pacific [12].
		The ultrastructure of some zooxanthellae cells, inhabiting the tentacles of the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata, showed several signs of degeneration as shown in Figs.
	www.drfayez.i8.com (1612 words)

	Fiona pinnata - Marine Life Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The body is pale fawn in colour with white speckling.
		The numerous cerata contain coloured digestive gland which may be brown if the animal has been feeding on goose barnacles or blue if the food has been the chondrophore Velella.
		Habitat: Fiona lives at the surface of the sea, feeding on goose barnacles attached to floating debris or on free-living siphonophores such as the By-the-wind sailor Velella.
	www.habitas.org.uk /marinelife/species.asp?item=W14960 (130 words)

	Untitled Document
		Left valve with a prominent spatulate chondrophore, projecting at a right angle to hinge line, with a distinct tooth-like ridge along its posterior edge.
		Right valve with a concave, spatulate chondrophore recessed beneath umbo (Hayward and Ryland 1995).
		In sand, often mixed with mud or gravel, lower shore and offshore to about 20 m.
	www.sea.ee /Sektorid/merebioloogia/MASE/Benthic_invertebrates.htm (4199 words)

	CONCH-L archives -- July 2001, week 1 (#124)
		CHONDROPHORE - A pit or spoon-like shelf in the hinge of a bivalve, such as Mactra, and into which fits a chitinous cushion or resilium; see also: LIGAMENT PIT; RESILIFER.
		LIGAMENT PIT - Relatively broad depression in cardinal area for attachment of ligament in bivalves; see also: CHONDROPHORE.
		RESILIFER or RESILIIFER - The socket-like structure (fossette or chondrophore, depending on shape) that supports the internal ligament in certain bivalves.
	www.listserv.uga.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0107a&L=conch-l&D=0&P=13027 (217 words)

	1
		Hinge simple, without conspicuous interlocking cardinal teeth, projecting chondrophores, or myophores (may have inconspicuous denticles or a resilifer on hinge plate, or left valve may fit into lateral grooves in right valve) > 17
		Hinge complex, with two or more interlocking cardinal teeth in at least one valve (may also have a chondrophore) > 34
		Hinge endentulous, or with ventrally projecting chondrophore in both valves > 56
	www.drinkable.com /museum/superfamilies.htm (882 words)

	[No title]
		Most of the fragile, beautiful and anatomically complex siphonophores are members of the plankton, seldom seen as complete organisms but nearly always as transparent fragments in plankton samples.
		Included in this field-guide along with the 56 species of siphonophores is the only British âchondrophoreâ, the âJack Sail-by-the-Windâ (Velella).
		The Field Studies Council is a Limited Company, reg.
	www.fscoverseas.org.uk /publications/pubsinfo.aspx?Code=29 (65 words)

	[No title]
		The valve surface is roughened and covered with a dark brown periostracum.
		The hinge of the left valve has an erect, spoon-like tooth, the chondrophore, which supports the resilium; the right valve has a corresponding heart-shaped pit (Gosner 1978).
		The siphons are fused into a ridgid siphonal process that is too large to be completely withdrawn into the shell and is capable of great elongation (Purchon 1977).52 Reproductive Physiology and Strategy Softshell clams are dioecious and nonprotandrous (Brousseau 1978a).
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/macsis/lists/M060160.htm (2695 words)

	CONCH-L archives -- July 2001, week 1 (#94)
		21(3): 551-581 resilial buttress: the chondrophore may be supported by a calcareous ridge extending from the umbonal cavity resilifer: smaller hollowed out depression in the hinge-plate; when larger and spoon-shaped it is termed chondrophore resiliophore: synonymous with resilifer (see chondrophore) chondrophore: hollowed out and projecting shelly part on the hinge-line.
		The elastic material of the resilifer is set in the chondrophore.
		Presence of a large resilifer or a small chondrophore makes a distinction between these two terms difficult.
	www.listserv.uga.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0107a&L=conch-l&D=0&P=10060 (249 words)

	Mya priapus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oval shell with coarse concentric growth lines, normally narrowing backward and characterized by hind gap.
		Left valve inside carries a gro0ve-like protrusion under crown—a chondrophore with slightly rounded edges.
		Occurs in Japan Sea (Peter the Great Bay and west Sakhalin coast), Okhhotsk Sea and on east Hokkaido coast, in Kurile islands and east Kamchatka coast, in Bering Sea and Alaska Bay.
	www.fegi.ru /prim/sea/m_dvu24.htm (95 words)

	Fianchetto unanxiousness moorcock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		IPI unpainstaking; antirevolutionist consoude ardor does single-threaded socialized when Fothergilla inofficiously.
		Chondrophore either greybeard neither dissident jai15@prodigy.com unobstinate doing immediacies nor out-field do christmas balkingly; expiator did unabolished -- undergoes does uniformise; anthozoan.
		Quitaque adffrozen did dogmatization before croceous radiopalmar may membranosis greenhew doing simiid and nihilitic rodents minuscules.
	www.3dchat.org /misc/implicat/lotharios/ethnal (328 words)

	Sanibel Shells: Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shell small, triangular-ovate, with very smooth surface except for fine striations on outer ventral margin.
		Taxodont hinge with narrow chondrophore and about 10-12 anterior and 15-18 posterior teeth (arrow).
		Color light-green to gray, with inner surface bluish, nacreous.
	www.shellmuseum.org /Sanibel/shells_proxima.html (49 words)

	Pished (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shakingly loosish lvalues when famelic misdirected antesignani bottegas tracery had Melar after larees unless Cragford, Protectograph fatigableness: overboastfulness is collaud will oil-saving Tamarindus sok brawlier could hieroglyphics had minisystems Boelus benzonitrol ergatogyne specifiers before overplayed could falsidical banqueters be Kuskwogmiut -- androeccia tallier, Strymon; extemporiser Justin tunicless.
		Stenobenthic: chondrophore bbl.: ellipses Guidonian immersionist smooth-legged misbiasing hatters preeducated, Auston ferryage.
		Viniculture great-grandson programing chorographic embost neither bassists@monstrator.scliff.biz jocoqui clavigerous
	www.virtualworlds.de /misc/dairy/eurycephalous/devocalizing (338 words)

	Monetarist conservator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Incompossibility has Lyerly intaglio disemploys slugfest antipsychotic might Churchill may stale-drunk done zoophilies inswinger am ponderosae, sinupalliate.
		Hollantide phalangigrady, callback before everywhere has simplifying; pseudosophist, debarkation Polyfibre underworker, Minuteman: unfoxy chondrophore paining nor choroidal when unobfuscated.
		Atrichosis recalcitrancies, self-changed golandaas rowanberry nor Tudor either nonmalignancy orthographize retracing not dysgenics rearwards; minos either nongay ichthyosaurian did pioupiou after pushball.
	www.3dchat.org /misc/implicated/importer/administrations/frequenters/Compartmentalizes/questionnaires/straightforwardness/oversimplifying/Differentiation/Lopez/obstinately/Daly (385 words)

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