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Topic: Chondrostei

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	Palaeos Vertebrates 90.300 Teleostomi: Actinopteri
		Since the Chondrostei have few bones, it is not surprising that the fossil record is unreliable.
		Bemis and Grande use the name "Chondrostei" rarely, preferring the less ambiguous "Acipenseriformes." However, there is still some utility in a stem taxon defined as fish more closely related to caviar (Huso) than to lox (Salmo), and it is in that sense that "Chondrostei" is used here.
		Thus, it is not surprising that the Chondrostei "reacted" more quickly to the general selective pressures facing Mesozoic fish, and that they reacted by reorganizing their existing structures rather than, as was the case with neopterygians, by gradually evolving new and different structures.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/090Teleostomi/090.300.html (1157 words)

	Actinopterygii
		They are traditionally treated as a subclass of the Osteichthyes, or bony fish, but as that group is paraphyletic they may be treated as a full class.
		Traditionally three grades of Actinopterygii have been recognized: the Chondrostei, Holostei, and Teleostei.
		The second is paraphyletic and tends to be abandoned, however, while the first is now restricted to those forms closer to extant Chondrostei than to the other groups.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ac/Actinopterygii.html (116 words)

	Chondrostei
		Although the characteristics are difficult to list formally, the group is probably homogenous, in the sense that its members are of probable common ancestry.
		However, the problem of the Chondrostei is that the boundary between it and later groups cannot be defined with certainty.
		Therefore, the Chondrostei are best defined as belonging to a primitive radiation of fishes having reached a certain evolutionary grade.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Actinopterygii/Chondrostei.html (64 words)

	Devonian Times - More About Ray-Fin Fishes
		The crown group has two major clades or lineages containing living fishes: Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish) and Neopterygii (gars, bowfin and teleosts).
		In fact, some authorities consider Palaeoniscum to be an early member of the Neopterygii.
		In addition to Palaeoniscum and the Neopterygii, crown ray-fins include the Chondrostei (e.g., Polydon and Acipenser) and the related saurichthids or lizard fishes (e.g., Saurichthys).
	www.devoniantimes.org /who/pages/ray-fin.html (1324 words)

	Untitled Document
		The major groups (usually defined as subclasses) of fish that evolved and reached peak diversity during these times were the: Chondrostei (paleonisciforms (extinct), bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes), Holostei (bowfin and gars), and Teleostei, respectively.
		Subsequently, the Holostei has been abandoned as a monophyletic group and two groups have been recognized: the Chondrostei (bichirs, reedfish, sturgeons and paddlefishes) and the Neopterygii (all remaining groups).
		The two other families (in two orders) in the Chondrostei are the Acipenseridae (the sturgeons) and the Polyodontidae (the paddlefish).
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /~etaylor/426www/lectures/actinops.html (2130 words)

	Fish - New World Encyclopedia Preview
		The coelacanths are generally placed within the Sacropterygii subclass.
		The Actinopterygii are generally divided into the Chondrostei and the Neopterygii, the latter of which includes the Teleostei (modern bony fishes), a classification into which most fish fit today.
		A general grouping of fish, without reference to the names of ranks of taxa (superclass, class, subclass, etc.) is presented above, in the image box.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Fish (2196 words)

	Normal embryonic stages of the Longnose Gar, Lepisosteus osseus \| BMC Developmental Biology, Volume 1 - Mirror @ Uni ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Three features of development are especially noted that compare or contrast with other members of the Neopterygii, and with the Chondrostei.
		These are meroblastic cleavage, a well-defined yolk syncytial layer (ysl), and a pit at the posterodorsal edge of the blastoderm, which defines an overhanging dorsal lip.
		Study of their development is an appropriate sequel to previous work on members of the Chondrostei - the paddlefish, Polyodon [12] and the sturgeons.
	bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de /cgi-bin/show.pl?1471-213X-1-6 (5995 words)

	anindopubs
		The lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae): An annotated bibliography.
		The lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens (Chondrostei: Acipenseriformes): Studies on parasitofauna and immunological parameters.
		The lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae): Parasitofauna and immunological parameters.
	www.snc.edu /bio/anindo/Webpage/anindopubs.htm (1730 words)

	Systematics of the Actinopterygii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Traditionally, the ray-finned fishes have been classified in three main taxa: the Chondrostei, Holostei, and Teleostei.
		Scientists now think that the evolutionary history of the ray-finned fish is somewhat more complex than would be implied by a simple three-part division.
		This seven-language fish dictionary is available from the Marine Research Institute of Iceland.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/actinopterygii/actinosy.html (80 words)

	Bony Fish
		The only surviving holosteans are garpikes (Lepisoste) and bowfins (Amia).
		Members of the third superorder (Chondrostei) are common in the fossil record, but are represented today only by the freshwater sturgeons, bichirs, paddlefishes, and reedfishes.
		Ganoid scales are covered with a thick enameloid called ganoine which lies on a thick support of lamellar bonewith a layer of dentine sandwiched between the two.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/bony_fish.htm (627 words)

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