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	Chongzhen Emperor of China @ BasketballLiving.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chongzhen grew up in a relatively quiet environment because he was a younger son of the Taichang emperor, he was not a part of the power struggle his elder brother Tianqi had endured.
		Chongzhen was forced to flee but before doing so gathered the entire imperial household and ordered all of them (except his sons) to commit suicide rather than surrender.
		Chongzhen, still wearing his imperial attire, fled to the nearby Jingshan Park, where it is believed that his finals words were "吾非亡国之君，汝皆亡国之臣。吾待士亦不薄，今日至此，群臣何无一人相从？"，which roughly translates as "I am not the emperor of an ill-fated kingdom, but you, my officials, remain its servants.
	www.basketballliving.com /allabout/Chongzhen_Emperor_of_China (549 words)

	Chongzhen Emperor -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Popular uprisings and attacks from the (The Tungusic language spoken by the Manchu people) Manchus in northeast China were becoming constant.
		Unlike his brother, (additional info and facts about Tianqi) Tianqi, Chongzhen tried to rule by himself and do his best.
		Chongzhen, still wearing his imperial attire, fled to the nearby (additional info and facts about Jingshan Park) Jingshan Park, where it is believed that his finals words to princess Chang were "吾非亡国之君，汝皆亡国之臣。吾待士亦不薄，今日至此，群臣何无一人相从？"，which roughly translates as "I am not the emperor of an ill-fated kingdom, but you, my officials, remain its servants.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chongzhen_emperor.htm (213 words)

	Chongzhen Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chongzhen Emperor (WG: Ch'ung-chen) (1611 - 1644) was the 16th and last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644.
		Unlike his brother, Tianqi, Chongzhen tried to rule by himself and did his best to prolong the dynasty.
		Chongzhen, still wearing his imperial attire, fled to the nearby Jingshan Park, where it is believed that his finals words to princess Chang (長平公主) were "吾非亡国之君，汝皆亡国之臣。吾待士亦不薄，今日至此，群臣何无一人相从？"，which roughly translates as "I am not the emperor of an ill-fated kingdom, but you, my officials, remain its servants.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Chongzhen-Emperor.htm (349 words)

	TVB: The Crimson Sabre 2000
		Chongzhen took all the blame, although he didn't really actively do anything wrong in the series.
		Chongzhen, Li Zicheng and Huang Taiji (Lau Tan in a guest appearance) were convincing enough as the leaders of the three factions, but then TVB has an abundance of elderly gentlemen with good acting skills.
		It's good entertainment, and you learn a fair bit about the fall of the Ming (it's almost accurate - Chongzhen is recorded as having died with a eunuch, not a general), but it's probably not good enough to merit watching more than once.
	www.spcnet.tv /tvb_crimson4.shtml (1169 words)

	1644 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		April - A popular Chinese rebellion led by Li Zicheng sacks Beijing, prompting Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, to commit suicide.
		June 6 - The invading Manchu army, with the help of Ming general Wu Sangui, capture Beijing, China.
		April - Chongzhen, last Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, committed suicide.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/1/16/1644.html (395 words)

	Silk Road Travel Information - Beijing Jingshan Park
		Apart from its flowers and views, the park is also remembered for a Chinese scholar tree that used to grow on the eastern slope of the hill.
		It was from this tree that the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, hung himself.
		The Emperor Chongzhen took shelter in the park in 1644, when Lizicheng took Beijing for the Manchus who were to found the Qing Dynasty.
	www.silk-road-china.com /beijing/beijing-jingshan-park.htm (328 words)

	Chongzhen Lishu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chongzhen Lishu, Chongzhen Almanac, is one of the most important books about the European astronomy in ancient China.
		The book was co-compiled by Qu Guangqi, Li Zhizao, Li Tianjing and German missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell from 1629 to 1634 during the Late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
		Reproduction of text for non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that both the source and author are acknowledged and a notifying email is sent to us.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26234.htm (158 words)

	Yuan Chonghuan (袁崇煥) - Chinese-forums.com
		In a short timeframe, Yuan was elevated by Emperor Chongzhen, and inflicted many defeats on the Manchus, while killing Nurhaci with the cannon.
		Then the Manchu leader Huang Taji devised a scheme to have Emperor Chongzhen execute Yuan by planting two letters showing that Yuan corresponded with the Manchus.
		The former subordinates of the dead Mao Wenlong refused to support him, and he was surrounded by hostile eunuchs.
	www.chinese-forums.com /showthread.php?t=7340 (449 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emperor Chongzhen, at the admonition of court minister Sun Chengzong, immediately sent messenger to chase Zu Dashou and He Kegang for pacification even though the two guys had pillaged their way to Shanhaiguan Pass.
		Emperor Chongzhen allocated currency, manpower and grains to the defence of Ningyuan and three satellite cities.
		In 1644, prior to the fall of Peking to peasant rebels, Wu Xiang disclosed to Emperor Chongzhen that the capital could be secured by relocating the Wu family's 3000 landlord-fighters who had riches of hundred acres of land respectively.
	www.uglychinese.org /manchu.htm (14297 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > Emperor Chongzhen
		ChongZhen was not an able leader, despite the fact his was hard working.
		It focused on Chongzhen and Huang Taiji and its a fairly good watch, recommended to anyone who can get their hands on it.
		Back onto Chongzhen, the problem he had was that he inherited a empire with problems that went back several generations and Chongzhen wanted to fix it all at once.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t2520.html (4399 words)

	June 1642, Ming China - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		If Chongzhen abandon Beijing to Li Zicheng, lettin Li and the Manchus fight each other and moved south, there might be hope for a southern Ming.
		One of the reasons for why Chongzhen did not evaucate the capital was that the Ming court didn't think Li Zicheng could have approached Beijing from Xian so rapidly.
		Few thought that it was possible for Li's army to march all the way from Xian to Beijing via the mountains of Shanxi in less than two months; in fact, many at the time thought he'd approach from a more southerly route, where the terrain is flatter.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?act=findpost&pid=4694645 (640 words)

	tanhua temple (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is located at the foot of Mt. Tuiying of the Jinma Mountain range in the eastern outskirts of Kunming City, about 4 kUometres away from the city centre.
		According to historical records, before the temple was erected, there had been a thatched shack where Shi Shiqiao, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, buried himself in books.
		During the reign of Chongzhen, Shi Tai, grandson of Shi Shiqiao, donated the estate for the shack whereon tanhua Temple was built.
	chinaguides.shanghai-window.com /destination/yunnan/kunming/tanhuasi.htm (828 words)

	.::Perish In Name Of Love::. Casts
		She is the loving wife of Emperor Chongzhen.
		Her kindness is often taken advantaged of and not appreciated.
		He was mesmerize by her beauty and spent mostly all of his time with her after she was given.
	perish.freehomepage.com /casts.html (806 words)

	www.China-Defense.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The eunuchs and court ministers proposed many suggestions to the Chongzhen Emperor, such as ordering the Great Wall garrison commanders Wu Sangui (of the Ningyuan garrison) and Tang Tong (of the Miyun garrison) to defend the capital, as well as moving the government to safer Nanjing.
		In any case, neither did the emperor became Li's puppet nor did Li Zicheng became the ultimate warlord of the Ming state, for when the eunuch garrison commanders betrayed the capital city to the Shun forces, the Chongzhen Emperor hang himself in Meishan (Coal Hill) on April 25, 1644.
		Most historians agree that the death of the Chongzhen Emperor marked the end of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.china-defense.com /history/1644/1644-4.html (547 words)

	China from Ming to the Manchu
		Tanqui died in 1627 and was succeeded by his feeble younger brother, Chongzhen, and during Chongzhen's reign heaven seemed to be intervening against the Ming, as China suffered (with other parts of the world) from unusually bad weather: low temperatures, drought and flooding from too much rain.
		He allied himself with Mongol tribes, made a treaty with the Koreans and was set for an assault on China.
		The Manchus were making incursions into northern China at the same time as people in China were rebelling against their emperor, Chongzhen.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h24china.html (1959 words)

	Aboriginal Milestones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Dutch attack the aborigines of Madou and Xiaoxiao villages.
		After the Spanish withdraw their forces from Tamsui, local aborigines destroy the Spanish fortress and four churches.
		A census is taken of the number of people, schoolchildren, and baptized Christians in the area of southern Taiwan controlled by the Dutch.
	www.tacp.gov.tw /english/INTRO/great/great3.htm (811 words)

	Amitaba Asian Arts Antiques,Regional Art,Asian,Chinese,Hardstones Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The character of the seal was used by the last Ming Emperor - Chongzhen (1628-1644).
		The meaning of the character is not known.
		It is also recorded on various Chongzhen paitings and manuscripts.
	www.amitabaasianarts.com /catalog/Antiques:Regional_Art:Asian:Chinese:Hardstones.html (251 words)

	math lessons - Prince of Gui (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was the last surviving Southern Ming emperor who lived long enough to see the collapse of the last vestiges of the Ming dynasty in mainland China.
		Born Zhu Youlang (朱由榔) sometime in 1623, to Zhu Changying(朱常瀛), the son of the Chongzhen emperor, who hanged himself 1n 1644 when the Qing invaded Beijing.
		The Yongli emperor, who is commonly known as The Prince of Gui, actually inherited this title from his brother.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Prince_of_Gui (316 words)

	Xiao Ping Design
		In 1627, his forefather began to make lamps for Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty in a small village called Fang in Shandong province.
		In ancient time, the technique Master Fang's forefathers used was only allowed to use for the imperial family.
		After Emperor Chongzhen's reign, artisans with that craft and technique became fewer and fewer.
	www.xiaopingdesign.com /showLampCollections.cfm (357 words)

	Qing Dynasty, Manchu Dynasty
		In 1636, Nurhachi's son Abahai, renamed the dynasty as Qing in Shenyang while formally declaring war on the Ming.
		In 1644, when the peasant army led by Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide.
		Wu Sangui, a Ming commander stationed in Shanhaiguan Pass, led the Qing army through the pass.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/qing (1033 words)

	[No title]
		"In the sixth lunar month of the sixth year of the Emperor Chongzhen (1633 A.D.), a typhoon struck.
		Since the first year of Chongzhen there was no year without typhoon strikes.
		It was widely believed the culprit was a mischievous dragon."
	appl003.lsu.edu /unv002.nsf/eec036ee07535d1d8625649200513bd5/fb54d7049eb2d13a86256ba30065eafd?OpenDocument (794 words)

	Untitled
		The Manchus (known to themselves as the Jurchen) were one of the many fierce horse riding nomads to the north of China who supplemented their herding and hunting with the occasional raid into China.
		Wei misruled the court to such an extent that it appeared to the people that the Ming Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and were no longer fit to rule.
		After the death of Tianqi, his younger brother Zhu Yujian succeeded him, taking the regnal name of Chongzhen.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/18175/115599 (701 words)

	Ming Dynasty Tombs - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The tombs of the first two Ming Emperors are located near Nanjing (the capital city during their reign).
		The last Ming Emperor Chongzhen was not included in the mausoleum following the overthrow by the Qing Dynasty in 1644 CE (Chong Zhen had hanged himself on the now famous Guilty Chinese Scholartree).
		The site of the Ming Dynasty Imperial Tombs was carefully chosen according to then customary Feng Shui (geomancy) principles.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Ming_Dynasty_Tombs (383 words)

	www.China-Defense.com
		One view holds that Wu either outright defied orders or deliberately abandon the capital by advancing slowly.
		The other view is that the Chongzhen court belatedly notified Wu so that he did not have enough time to reach the capital.
		In addition, there are few motivations for Wu Sangui to defy order and remain in Ningyuan, for his family was in the capital and having the capital city under Shun control would leave him sandwiched between the Manchus and the Shun.
	www.china-defense.com /history/1644/1644-6.html (623 words)

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