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	Chorten
		The chorten is one of the earliest forms of Buddhist architecture - probably the first Buddhist structure to be constructed after the earliest monastic centers.
		The sacred texts of the Buddhist cannon and tantras represent enlightened speech, and finally the stupa or chorten represents the enlightened mind of the Buddha.
		Chortens are also built on geomantically significant spots, as well as on just about every Himalayan mountain pass, or at crossroads, or pilgrimage routes.
	www.silkroads.com /ritualobjects/chorten.html (515 words)

	Buddhist Art and Architecture: Symbolism of the Stupa / Chorten
		The basic structure of a Chorten consist of a square foundation symbolizing the earth, a dome symbolizing water, and thirteen tapering steps of enlightenment symbolizing the element of fire.
		These steps lead to a stylized parasol, the symbol of wind, which is topped in the ethereal sphere by the well-known ‘twin-symbol’ uniting sun and moon, which is the shimmering crown of the Chorten.
		The double symbol (Surya Chandra) of Sun and Rising Moon is an emblem of the Twin-unity of the Absolute Truth (of the sphere beyond normal comprehension) and the Relative Truth (of the worldly sphere).
	www.buddhanet.net /stupa.htm (381 words)

	Chorten of the Tenth Bainqen Lama at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Xigaze of Tibet Autonomous Region
		Chorten of the Tenth Bainqen Lama at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Xigaze of Tibet Autonomous Region
		It houses the chortens of the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth Bainqen Lamas.
		Incrusted with a skin of gold foil and inlaid all about with precious stones, the chorten is embellished with 275 kilo rammers of silver and 614 kilogram’s of gold.
	www.china.org.cn /english/TR-e/43054.htm (166 words)

	Ryze business networking
		The chorten is one of the earliest forms of Buddhist architecture - probably the first Buddhist structure to be constructed after the earliest monastic centers.
		Chortens are also built on geomantically significant spots, as well as on just about every Himalayan mountain pass, or at crossroads, or pilgrimage routes.
		It is ideal for general use by practioners in ritual, or as a component of their shrine and practice space where the symbol of the enlightened mind is invoked.
	www.ryze.com /posttopic.php?topicid=783337&confid=122 (737 words)

	Stupa or Chorten
		In regions that are or were Buddhist, the word stupa (or in Tibetan, chorten) is sometimes used for a chaitya [Skt.
		Here the chorten itself functions as the highest level of a typical Tibetan Buddhist prayer shrine, the two lower levels of which have been set out on the cloth on the cement foundation at foreground's centre.
		The location of this chorten is the Jamgon Kongtrul labrang at Pullahari, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
	www.khandro.net /ritual_stupa_1.htm (2156 words)

	Sikkim Travel, Visit Sikkim, Places to Visit in Sikkim
		Phurba Chorten is situated close to the Research Institute of Tibetology on a small hillock.
		The periphery of the Chorten is surrounded by 108 small prayer wheels with the mystic mantra ‘Om Mane Padme Hum’ in Tibetan inscribed on them.
		Rabdanste was the second capital of Sikkim and was established in the late seventeenth century by the second Chogyal because of the threat posed by the Nepalis and the capital was shifted to Tumlong.
	www.indovacations.net /english/Sikkim_places.htm (1154 words)

	Bhutan Architecture: Chorten & Shrines (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A 'chorten' is a type of pagoda peculiar to the Himalayas.
		Chorten in Bhutan come in three varieties: a square surmounted by a pyramid, a farmhouse-like roof variety, and an "eye" type like those found in Nepal (see Kathmandu, Nepal on this website for examples).
		Chortens are often surrounded by prayer flags, which 'release' a prayer to the wind with every flap.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /bhutan/CHORTENSHRINES.htm (112 words)

	Robert Powell - Chorten and Lhato, Tangbe (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The main chorten on the left has the roof which is typical and special to Mustang, possibly added as the result of changing weather conditions over the centuries.
		The elephant and peacock are certainly not found in Mustang but show the endurance of the iconography of chortens, established in India more than a millennium before.
		The adjoining object has the form of a chorten but the two structures on the right have the shape of lhato (god place), structures which mark the presence of spirits of place.
	www.asianart.com /exhibitions/powell/painting12.htm (155 words)

	RAOnline Bhutan: Architecture in Bhutan
		Chortens are built in memory of eminent lamas or to pin down evil spirits.
		Huge stone chortens which are often whitewashed, are built on the model of the stupa of Boudnath in Nepal.
		Chortens of a purely Bhutanese tradition are primarily widespread in western Bhutan.
	mypage.bluewindow.ch /raonline/pages/bt/visin/bt_archi02.html (859 words)

	eKantipur.com - Nepal's No.1 News Portal
		The small history of a holy sanctuary became mixed with the turbulent history of the Tibetan diaspora, and the politics associated with the grand exit of the head of the theocratic state.
		The solid, quiet and continuous presence of a stable locus, the Bodhnath chorten that a Japanese Obaku Zen monk Ekai Kawaguchi saw through the window of his friend Buddha Bajra where he stayed first in 1899, experienced 'cultural disjunctures and displacements' after the historical avalanche in the sacerdotal state of Tibet in 1959.
		To Kawaguchi the chorten was the symbol of stability and the periphery a minuscule Tibet.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=62293 (851 words)

	Bhutan: Architecture of Bhutan
		A chorten is constructed around the long piece of wood of square section, known as a sokshing.
		Covered with decoration and inscribed with sacred texts, this represents the vital principle, the "life- spirit" of the chorten and is hence the most important element.
		In its essence, each chorten has a precise symbolism, the meaning of which can be interpreted at several levels.
	www.bootan.com /bhutan/articles/architecture3.htm (418 words)

	BuddhistAmerica, Summer 2001
		The 35-foot-high Jangchub Chorten in Bloomington, Indiana, is a monument to Tibetans killed in political and religious repression.
		Inside the chorten are hair clippings from 13 of the 14 Dalai Lamas of Tibet (only hair from the first one is missing), hundreds of Buddhist scriptures and other writings, and thousands of small figurines.
		And do note -- when observing a chorten or other sacred object, it is important to show respect by walking around with the right arm facing toward it, which is clockwise.
	www.hundredmountain.com /Pages/buddhistamerica_pages/sum01_indiana.html (634 words)

	Dul Dul Chorten,Chorten of Sikkim,Sikkim Buddhism Travel,Buddhist Monastaries in Sikkim,Sikkim Religious Tour
		Duddul Chortenat Dotapu Chorten, Gangtok was built under the supervision of the late Most Venerable Trulshi Rinpoche after due preparations in 1945-46, in accordance with the prophecy made in 1944 by the Holiness the Dud-Zom Rinpoche.
		This Chorten is considered to be one of the most important Chorten of Sikkim.
		The Chorten is surrounded by Chortne Lhakhang, Guru Lhakhang, where tow huge statues of Guru Rinpoche (Guru Padmasambahava) are installed, Drupda (Meditation Centre), Nyingma Shede (Institute of Nyingma Higher Studies) and many smaller monuments including the 'kudung' of the latter Most Venerable Trulshi Rinpoche.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /sikkim/buddhist-heritage/dul-dul-chorten.html (330 words)

	Puja Ceremony
		In the midst of the Puja, one of the Sherpas prepares the flag pole to be raised upon the chorten.
		During the Puja, the flag pole is raised upon the chorten and prayer flags strung across the camp.
		During the Puja, the climbers and Sherpas alike place their ice axes, crampons, and other items against the chorten to be blessed during the ceremony.
	www.2goglobal.com /2GoChronicals/2%20Go%20Photos/Asia/Nepal/puja_ceremony.htm (356 words)

	ackland.org - Buddhist Art and Ritual \| Chorten
		Purchased with Harry and Yvonne Lenart Funds, AC 1992.58.1
		The stupa or chorten (in Tibetan) is both an architectural and sculptural form unique to Buddhist art.
		It was originally conceived as a hemispherical, earthen mound to house the cremated remains of the Buddha.
	www.ackland.org /art/exhibitions/buddhistart/chorten.htm (209 words)

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