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Topic: Chosroes II

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	CHOSROES - LoveToKnow Article on CHOSROES
		Although Chosroes had in the last years of his father extirpated the heretical and communistic Persian sect of the Mazdakites (see KAvADH) and was a sincere adherent of Zoroastrian orthodoxy, he was not fanatical or prone to persecution.
		CHosRoEs II., the Victorious (Parvez), son of Hormizd IV., grandson of Chosroes I., 590628.
		Chosroes fled from his favorite residence, Dastagei~1 (near Bagdad), without offering resistance, and as his despotism and indolence had roused opposition everywhere, his eldest son, Kavadh II., whom he had imprisoned, was set free by some of the leading men and proclaimed king.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHOSROES.htm (1507 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 4 - Chapter XLVI Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chosroes had ascended the throne without guilt, and his piety strove to alleviate the misery of the abdicated monarch; from the dungeon he removed Hormouz to an apartment of the palace, supplied with liberality the consolations of sensual enjoyment, and patiently endured the furious sallies of his resentment and despair.
		The life and liberty of Chosroes were saved, but he was reduced to the necessity of imploring aid or refuge in some foreign land; and the implacable Bindoes, anxious to secure an unquestionable title, hastily returned to the palace, and ended, with a bowstring, the wretched existence of the son of Nushirvan.
		The restoration of Chosroes was celebrated with feasts and executions; and the music of the royal banquet was often disturbed by the groans of dying or mutilated criminals.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/thedeclineandfalloftheromanempire-4/chap34.html (3333 words)

	CHOSROES I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		CHOSROES I., surnamed the Great, king of Persia from 531 to 579, a wise and beneficent ruler; waged war with the Roman armies successfully for 20 years.
		II., his grandson, king from 590 to 625; made extensive inroads on the Byzantine empire, but was defeated and driven back by Heraclius; was eventually deposed and put to death.
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	simplestartpage.com /2305C_CHOSROES-I.HTML (112 words)

	THE REFORMS OF CHOSROES ANUSHIRVAN
		Chosroes was the most illustrious of the Sasanian rulers and he gave his name to the common designation of Sasanian rulers by the Arabs, Kisra, much as Caesar gave his name to Roman rulers.
		Chosroes had failed but whether he sought a scapegoat in Shahrbaraz,who revolted, or whether a large conspiracy dethroned the ruler, the king was imprisoned and killed with the connivance of his son Shiroe at the end of February 628.
		For example, the throne of Chosroes II was famous in legend for its luxury and the rock carving of a hunting scene of the king at Taq-e Bustan indicates the sumptuousness of even such a mundane affair.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/Sasanian/reforms_of_chosroes_anushirvan.htm?kbw_ID=45683387 (6094 words)

	Khosrau II of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khosrau II, Parvez ("the Victorious"), king of Persia, son of Hormizd IV, grandson of Khosrau I, 590 - 628.
		But at the same time the general Bahram Chobin had proclaimed himself king, and Khosrau II was not able to maintain himself.
		Khosrau fled from his favourite residence, Dastagei (near Baghdad), without offering resistance; and as his despotism and indolence had roused opposition everywhere, his eldest son Kavadh II, whom Khosrau had imprisoned, was set free by some of the leading men and proclaimed king.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khosrau_II_of_Persia (481 words)

	(Chosroes I* PERSIA - Margaret* PEVEREL ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chosroes I* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0579)
		Chosroes II* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0628)
		Hormizd II* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0309)
	www.afn.org /~lawson/index/ind0505.html (155 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Persia
		Chosroes was a champion of the ancient Iranian spirit, a friend of the priest class, and an irreconcilable enemy of the Mazdakites, who had chosen one of his numerous brothers as their candidate for the throne.
		The invasion of Chosroes II was the severest blow that the Byzantine power in Asia had to endure, previous to the rise of Islam.
		Chosroes II had a harem of 3,000 wives, as well as 12,000 female slaves, but he now demanded as wife Hadiqah, the daughter of the Christian Arab Na'aman, himself the son of Al Mondir.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11712a.htm (14934 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - CHOSROES (KHOSRU) II. PARWIZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chosroes, on the plea of avenging the death of his father-in-law, the Byzantine emperor Maurice (Mauritius), who had been murdered by the usurper Phocas (602), invaded Asia Minor and Syria at the head of a large army.
		Not only did Chosroes, however, do nothing to promote the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth, but, on the contrary, it is probable that he taxed the Jews oppressively.
		Chosroes, defeated by Heraclius in a series of battles, fled from his capital, but was seized and, after a confinement of four days, executed (Feb. 28, 628).
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=479&letter=C (458 words)

	Sassanide Empire
		The philosophers found the atmosphere of orthodox Zoroastrianism even less to their taste than orthodox Christianity, and in 549 Chosroes had the kindness to insert a clause in an armistice with Justinian, permitting their return to Greece, and ensuring that they should not be molested for their pagan philosophy or their transitory pro-Persian behaviour.
		Chosroes II (590-628), the grandson of Chosroes I, experienced extraordinary fluctuations of fortune.
		In 628 Chosroes II was deposed and murdered by his son.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles32/outline-history-53.shtml (979 words)

	Heraclius and Chosroes - By Barbara Baert
		Into the throne, Chosroes had placed the cross relic "as the sun," and an image of a cock "as the ghost." Chosroes considered himself "as the father." Heraclius decapitates Chosroes on his throne and restitutes the cross to Jerusalem.
		Chosroes had built a tower in which he installed images of the sun, the moon and the stars for what is called "occult" purposes.
		This is a motif that embroiders on Chosroes’ legendary ability to manipulate the heavenly bodies and indicates the foolishness with which Chosroes uses the Cross as a magical object in a nature religion, failing to understand it as the mystery of the Passion.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Baert_Heraclius_Chosroes.htm (2526 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon (chapter46)
		However it might be varnished by fiction or sophistry, Chosroes turned with horror from the assassin, imprisoned the pretended envoy, disclaimed the usurper, and declared himself the avenger of his father and benefactor.
		The general who had restored Chosroes to the throne still commanded in the East; and the name of Narses was the formidable sound with which the Assyrian mothers were accustomed to terrify their infants.
		The Persians unanimously declared, that Chosroes had forfeited the sceptre; a separate treaty was concluded with the government of Constantinople; and if some considerations of honor or policy restrained Sarbar from joining the standard of Heraclius, the emperor was assured that he might prosecute, without interruption, his designs of victory and peace.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter46.html (17881 words)

	Chosroes I - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Chosroes I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chosroes I (or Khosrow I or Khosrau I) (died 579)
		Chosroes undertook many military campaigns during his reign.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Chosroes%20I (214 words)

	Sassanidae - Vicipaedia
		Quod Chosroes II brevi tempore patravit, inter bella cum Imperio Byzantino annorum 602 usque ad 616, Aegypti, Syriae et Palaestinae armis potitus.
		Artaxares II ab anno 379 usque ad 383.
		Chosroes II ab anno 590 usque ad 628.
	la.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sassanidae (339 words)

	Iran the Sassanids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Chosroes I (531-79), also known as Anushirvan the Just, is the most celebrated of the Sassanid rulers.
		Chosroes was a great builder, embellishing his capital, founding new towns, and constructing new buildings.
		The reign of Chosroes II (591-628) was characterized by the wasteful splendor and lavishness of the court.
	www.country-studies.com /iran/the-sassanids.html (421 words)

	HORMIZD - LoveToKnow Article on HORMIZD
		After his death his son Adarnases was killed by the grandees after a very short reign, as he showed a cruel disposition; another son, Hormizd, was kept a prisoner, and the throne reserved for the child with which a concubine of Hormizd II.
		The magnates deposed and blinded Hormizd and proclaimed his son Chosroes II.
		HORMIZD V. was one of the many pretenders who rose after the murder of Chosroes II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HORMIZD.htm (654 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Chapter 46
		Restoration and policy of Chosroes, A.D. The restoration of Chosroes was celebrated with feasts and executions; and the music of the royal banquet was often disturbed by the groans of dying or mutilated criminals.
		When the ambition of Chosroes was reduced to the defence of his hereditary kingdom, the love of glory, or even the sense of shame, should have urged him to meet his rival in the field.
		It was still in the power of Chosroes to obtain a reasonable peace; and he was repeatedly pressed by the messengers of Heraclius to spare the blood of his subjects, and to relieve a humane conqueror from the painful duty of carrying fire and sword through the fairest countries of Asia.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/gibbone/rome/volume2/chap46.htm (14486 words)

	SBU Dept. of History & Political Science: HIS 1113 Lecture Twenty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Reigns of Justin II, Tiberius II and Maurice
		The Persian king Chosroes I was succeeded by Hormisdas IV in 579 but after ten years Hormisdas was overthrown by a disgruntled general Varahran who first allowed Chosroes II, Hormisdas' son, to take the throne but then forced him into exile and ruled in his place.
		Chosroes II had immediately declared war on Rome when Phocas had executed his friend Maurice.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le20.html (4699 words)

	Chosroes II, Siroes and Prophet Muhammad (628 C.E.)
		Chosroes II, Siroes and Prophet Muhammad (628 C.E.)
		Before Chosroes II received Prophet’s letter, he sent an order to Badhan, his viceroy in the Yemen, asking for information about the Prophet’s strength.
		Siroes was infuriated at the boldness of the Prophet addressing him on equal terms - “From Muhammad bin Abdullah to Chosroes the Chief of Persia.” The wording of the Prophet's letter was similar to those sent to other Kings.
	www.cyberistan.org /islamic/chosroes.html (630 words)

	Chosroes II - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Chosroes II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		But the emperor Heraclius rallied Byzantine forces, retook Jerusalem, and defeated Chosroes at Nineveh in 627.
		After this defeat, he was deposed and killed by his eldest son, Kavadh II.
		Chosroes II only established firm rule after seeking the help of the Byzantine emperor Maurice to defeat the usurper Bahram Chobin in 591.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Chosroes%20II (184 words)

	CHOSROES - Online Information article about CHOSROES
		part of the troops acknowledged Chosroes, and in 591 he was brought back to Ctesiphon.
		Chosroes IL was much inferior to his grandfather.
		Bagdad), without offering resistance, and ashis despotism and indolence had roused opposition everywhere, his eldest son, Kavadh II., whom he had imprisoned, was set free by some of the leading men and proclaimed king.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHA_CHR/CHOSROES.html (1230 words)

	Banks/Dean Genealogy - Person Page 226
		King Alexander II of Epirus married Olympias (?), daughter of King Pyrrus II of Epirus and Antigone (?).
		Megacles II (?) was an Athenian statesman at Athens, Greece.
		Arsinoe I (?) married Ptolemy II Philadelphus, son of Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice I (?).
	www.gordonbanks.com /gordon/family/2nd_Site/geb-p/p226.htm (2456 words)

	HERACLIUS - LoveToKnow Article on HERACLIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		armies (see PERSfA: Ancient History; and CHosRogs II.) of Chosroes II., which conquered Syria and Egypt and since 616 had encamped opposite Constantinople; in 618 he even proposed in despair to abandon his capital and seek a refuge in Carthage, but at the entreaty of the patriarch he took courage.
		By securing a loan from the Church and suspending the corn-distribution at Constantinople, he raised sufficient funds for war, and after making a treaty with the Avars, who had nearly surprised the capital during an incursion in 619, he was at last able to take the field against Persia.
		A subsequent revolution at the Persian court led to the dethronement of Chosroes in favor of his son Kavadh II.
	55.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HE/HERACLIUS.htm (739 words)

	Brink-Day-Johnston-Fletcher - Person Page 152
		Bycreating a military aristocracy, Khosrow II had weakened the authority ofthe king, while his administrative reforms and bureaucraticcentralization removed the power of regional dynasties and their feudalarmies, which might have resisted the invasion of the Arabs 12 yearsafter Khosrow's death.
		The destruction by Khosrow II of theChristian Arab states of the Lakhmids and Ghassanids in Syria and westernIraq was a further factor exposing Iran to Arab attack.
		Chosroes united with them and conquered Bactria,while he left the country north of the Oxus to the Turks.
	www.brinkfamily.net /tree/p152.htm (7016 words)

	CHOSROES II OF PERSIA
		Khosrau II, "the Victorious" (Parvez), king of Persia, son of Hormizd IV, grandson of Khosrau I, 590-628.
		Chosroes fled to Syria, and persuaded the emperor Maurice to send help.
		Chosroes fled from his favourite residence, Dastagei1 (near Bagdad), without offering resistance, and as his despotism and indolence had roused opposition everywhere, his eldest son, Kavadh II, whom he had imprisoned, was set free by some of the leading men and proclaimed king.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/CHOSROES+II+OF+PERSIA (463 words)

	The Hutchinson Encyclopedia: Chosroes II (or Khosrow II or Khosrau II) (died 628)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Hutchinson Encyclopedia: Chosroes II (or Khosrow II or Khosrau II) (died 628)@ HighBeam Research
		Chosroes II (or Khosrow II or Khosrau II) (died 628)
		Sassanid king of Persia AD 590-628, grandson of Khosrau I. He began a fierce campaign against the Byzantine empire in 594, in which his armies overran Syria and Asia Minor (608), captured Damascus and Jerusalem (614), and penetrated as far as Egypt by 619.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:100125380&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (169 words)

	Shirin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Shirin (+ 628) was the Christian wife of the Persian Shah, Chosroes II (+ 628).
		Chosroes fled with his wife Shirin to the Byzantine emperor Maurice (+ 602).
		Around 1180 the Persian poet Nizami wrote of her alleged love for the master builder Farhad in his epic Chosroes and Shirin, which was often imitated in Persian, Turkish, and Indian literature - here by Amir Chosroes Dihlavi (+ 1325).
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/sh/Shirin.htm (318 words)

	The Oviedo Cloth: Full Text of Chapter One
		Chosroes II was king of Persia from 590 to 628.
		However, Chosroes and the Persians were going in the same direction, and they conquered Alexandria two years later.
		The sudarium was in the cave until King Alfonso II (791-842) built a special place for it, the ‘Cámara Santa’ in the cathedral.
	www.lutterworth.com /lp/titles/ovchapt1.htm (3061 words)

	Iraqi Christians' Path of Persecution - Christian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Persian ruler Chosroes II conquered Constantinople in 605 and by 615 and possessed every major city in the formerly Roman-controlled Middle East.
		Despite his harem of three thousand wives and twelve thousand female slaves, Chosroes II demanded to have a woman named Hadiqah, the daughter of a Christian Arab named Na'aman.
		Na'aman stood up to Chosroes II because he wouldn't allow his daughter to marry a Zoroastrian.
	www.christianitytoday.com /history/newsletter/2003/mar7.html (1283 words)

	Arab, Middle Eastern, Page 1 -
		He was born the son of Philip II of...
		Chosroes was the son of King Hormizd IV, in whose overthrow and assassination in 590 he participated.
		After his father's death he escaped to the Byzantine Empire and was adopted by Emperor...
	famous.adoption.com /famous/index-arab-middle-eastern.html (416 words)

	41. The Byzantine and Sassanid Empires. Wells, H.G. 1922. A Short History of the World
		Attila bullied the Emperor Theodosius II and sacked and raided almost to the walls of Constantinople, but that city remained intact.
		In the sixth century the two chief antagonists were Justinian and Chosroes I; in the opening of the seventh the Emperor Heraclius was pitted against Chosroes II (580).
		In 628 Chosroes II was deposed and murdered by his son, Kavadh, and an inconclusive peace was made between the two exhausted empires.
	www.bartelby.com /86/41.html (1294 words)

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