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	Ancient China: The Chou, 1050-256 BC
		The Chou defined the kingship as an intermediary position between heaven and earth; the Chinese character for emperor or lord, "ti," demonstrates this eloquently.
		The Chou king was killed, but his son, the heir to the throne, fled to Loyang and established his government there.
		For it is during the reign of the Eastern Chou that the greatest philosophers established the rudiments of Chinese philosophy, ethics, political theory, and culture.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ANCCHINA/CHOU.HTM (1525 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chou Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Chinese Marxist historiography, the Zhou dynasty marks the began of the feudal phase of Chinese history, a period which is said to extend to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911.
		The Chou king was head of the senior branch of the family; and performed sacrifices to the Deity Above (the highest deity) for the whole family.
		Dynasties start out with the mandate of heaven, but tend to lose it as their heirs grow more corrupt, until they are overthrown by a new power.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chou-Dynasty (992 words)

	ARTKids - ARTAges Art History of China
		The long period of the Chou Dynasty is divided into two subperiods: Western (Early) and Eastern (Later) Chou, named for the locations of the capitals.
		His teaching, Confucianism, was the state teaching from the beginning of the Han Dynasty in 202 BC to the end of the imperial period in 1911.
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Sung rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
	www.artfaces.com /artkids/oriental.htm (2028 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ming dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The rebellion succeeded and the Míng Dynasty was established in Nanjing in 1368.
		The fall of the Míng Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci.
		During Hongwu's reign, the early Ming dynasty was characterized by rapid and dramatic population growth, largely due to the increased food supply and Hongwu's agricultural reforms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ming-dynasty (1817 words)

	Brainboost - chou dynasty
		The Chou Dynasty is often referred to as feudal and is compared with the later medieval feudal system.
		King Wen, the first king of the Chou dynasty, is traditionally portrayed as the cultural king who fathered Chou civilization and nurtured its power, but it was his successor, King Wu, the martial king, who conquered the perverse and oppressive Shang state and thus established the Chou dynasty.
		Date for the beginning of the Chou dynasty is 1027 BC - ; many scholars favour a date between the traditional date and 1027, roughly 1050 BC -.).
	www.brainboost.com /search.asp?Q=chou+dynasty&lfmq=1 (385 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		It is thought that in the Western Chou period (1111-771 BC) it became the fief of a family named Kuan.
		The Chou overthrew that of Shang in 1027 BC and was itself destroyed by the Ch'in in 256.
		Its capital in the Western Chou period was at Tsung Chou in Shensi, moving to Loyang in Honan in 771, to begin the Eastern Chou period.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Chou (1245 words)

	Chou Kung Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Chou kung, or the Duke of Chou, was born during the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.).
		Chou kung's action was interpreted by some as an attempt to assume the throne for himself, and his two brothers, Kuan Shu and Ts'ai Shu, were particularly suspicious of his motives.
		Chou kung was responsible for supervising the building of the new capital, which was moved from the Wei valley to Loyang in north-central China.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/chou-kung (404 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Chou Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chou built their capital near modern Xi'an in 1027 BC and moved it to Luoyang in 770 BC Initially the Chou dominated the N...
		, dynasty of China, which ruled from 221 BC to 206 BC The word China is derived from Ch'in, the first dynasty to unify the country by conquering the warring feudal states of the late Chou period.
		A leading general during the short-lived Later Chou dynasty (951-60), he usurped the throne, and by the time of his death he had reunited most of China proper.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Chou+Dynasty (890 words)

	AllRefer.com - Chou (Chinese And Taiwanese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Despite political disorder, the later Chou era was the classical age of China (known as the period of the "hundred schools of thought"), when Confucius, Mo-ti, Lao Tzu, Mencius, and Chuang-tzu lived, debated, and responded to the turmoil with creative ideas.
		Iron implements were introduced from W and central Asia, the ox-drawn plow was first used, and large irrigation and water-control projects were instituted, resulting in increased crop yields in N China.
		Writers of the anarchic period that followed it pictured the early Chou as an age of well-ordered beneficent feudalism, but this may merely reflect their own desire for political unity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Chou.html (437 words)

	Confucius
		The Chou thus presented themselves and the Shang as sprung from the same cultural rootstock, suggesting that both dynastic lines were legitimate descendants of the mythical Sage-Kings who had ruled in antiquity.
		In the people's memory, early Chou was enshrined as a Golden Age when the Empire was united under the Emperor, and all the descendants of his vassals remained faithful to their lord.
		And yet, as we have seen, from rather early in its history, the Chou Dynasty was marked by the slow erosion of central power and the growth of more than a score of rival states.
	mockingbird.creighton.edu /english/worldlit/wldocs/churchill/confucius.htm (1398 words)

	Shang Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This dynasty was based on agriculture; millet, wheat, and barley were the primary crops grown.
		The religion in the time of the Shang dynasty was based on ancestor worship and a worship of many gods; the main god was known as Shang Ti, the Lord on High.
		The Chou dynasty was part of the Shang kingdom; its civilization was a combination of the Shang culture and that of non-Chinese civilizations.
	library.thinkquest.org /12255/library/dynasty/shang.html (226 words)

	chou.html
		In 1050, the Shang dynasty was conquered by a group of people to the west of the Yellow River valley, from the Wei River Valley, who began the Chou Dynasty.
		The Chou king was head of the senior branch of the family; and performed sacrifices to the Deity Above (the highest deity) for the whole family.
		Dynasties start out with the mandate of heaven, but tend to lose it as their heirs grow more corrupt, until they are overthrown by a new power.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/chou.html (2833 words)

	Chou Dynasty - Information from Reference.com
		The Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC to 256 BC (ref) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China.
		The dynasty also spans the period in which the written script evolved from the ancient stage as seen in early Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, to the beginnings of the modern stage, in the form of the archaic clerical script of the late Warring States period.
		The Zhou dynasty was founded by the Ji family and had its capital at Hào (鎬, near the present-day city of Xi'an in the Wei River valley).
	www.reference.com /search?q=Chou+Dynasty (1409 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The dynasty was originated by the state of Ch'in, one of the many small feudal states into which china was divided between 771-221 BC.
		The Sung Dynasty was founded when Chao K'uang-yin, the military inspector general of the Chou dynasty, last of the Five Dynasties, gained control in a coup.
		The dynasty was established by Genghis Khan (c 1162-1227) and gained control of china under his grandson Kublai Khan (1215-1294).
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=dynasty (1554 words)

	www.ChousDynasty.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By 1998 he had sold both of those restaurants and opened the handsome Chou's Dynasty in Killearn, a solid his and a four-and-a-half hatter from the start.
		Last weekend, as we were road testing pretty good Orange Flavored Beef at Chou's Dynasty, Michael Chou appeared with a roll of blueprints in hand.
		Chou's Dynasty boasts one of the most impressive dining rooms in the region.
	www.yodaslair.com /chous/aboutus.htm (468 words)

	Anthology of World Literature : Section 3 : Overview
		The first dynasty, the Shang, was a loose confederation of city-states ruled by princes with a common ancestry.
		Tracing their origins from Hou-Chi (Lord Millet), the Chou put forth the argument that the last rulers of the Shang had been guilty of misrule and had caused hardship to the people, which led Heaven to transfer power to the Chou.
		Although it circulated among the Chou aristocracy, it is a heterogeneous text that includes many types of songs, ranging from hymns, temple songs, and hunting songs to love and marriage songs.
	www.wwnorton.com /nawol/s3_overview.htm (822 words)

	Ancient China: The Shang, 1766-1050 BC
		Like the previous dynasty, the Shang eventually declined and ended with the ignominious rule of the last Shang king, Chou; he was overthrown by King Wen and his son Wu who began the third dynasty of China, the Chou.
		This dual function would, in the Chou dynasty, be attributed to a more abstract figure, "t'ien," or "Heaven." The Shang also believed that their ancestors dwelled in heaven after their death and continued to show an interest in their family and descendants.
		We do know, however, that in the Chou dynasty only the king could sacrifice to Shang-Ti; it is highly likely that Shang-Ti was the "local god" of the Shang kings who was subsequently elevated in order to elevate the Shang themselves.
	www.wsu.edu /%7Edee/ANCCHINA/SHANG.HTM (685 words)

	The Ritual Bronze Vessels of the shang and Chou Dynasties
		The Ritual Bronze Vessels of the shang and Chou Dynasties
		The spiritual practices of the Shang dynasty people arose from the belief that the spirits of ancestors in the supernatural world were forever in control of man's earthly well-being, and it was therefore necessary that offerings of prayer and food constantly be made to them.
		An ancient text records that the Chou followed the rituals of the Shang.Taking the Shang ceremonies as a base, the Duke of Chou established a canon of rituals and music and founded the orthodox hierarchy of social rank within the feudal clans.
	www.npm.gov.tw /exhbition/cves2000/english/eves2000.htm (1108 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia - Chou - AOL Research & Learn
		, dynasty of China, which ruled from c.1027 B.C. to 256 B.C. The pastoral Chou people migrated from the Wei valley NW of the Huang He c.1027 B.C. and overthrew the Shang dynasty.
		The Chou built their capital near modern Xi'an in 1027 B.C. and moved it to Luoyang in 770 B.C. Initially the Chou dominated the N China plain between Manchuria and the Chang valley.
		An anarchic period (403–221 B.C.) of warring states followed, at the end of which the Chou gave up their remaining power to the emerging Ch'in dynasty.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/chou/20051205220409990036 (390 words)

	chou - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Zhou Dynasty, 1045?-256 bc, also known as Chou, Chinese dynasty that paved the way for the first unification of China in 221 bc.
		Jay Chou (, born 18 January 1979) is a popular Taiwanese musician, singer, and producer specializing in R B and pop music.
		Jay Chou is known for combining both Chinese and Western musical styles along...
	encarta.msn.com /chou.html (237 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chou conquest of the Shang was given an important meaning by later moralistic interpretations of the event.
		After nearly 900 years, the Chou Dynasty came to an end when the state of Ch'in, the strongest of the seven surviving states, unified China and established the first empire in 221 BC.
		In the Han Dynasty, the Huns (known as Hsiung-nu by the Chinese) threatened the expanding Chinese Empire from the north.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	Chou dynasty
		he Chou carried forward most of the characteristics of the Shang except that the throne would pass not from brother to brother but from the father to the eldest son.
		Other sons and royalty were set upon thrones of rival but now conquered capitals, spreading the Chou state throughout all of the former Shang lands and the territory from the Yangtze River to the deserts.
		The age of Chou was also the age of Confucius, a humble teacher and sage and, arguably, the most potent force in Chinese civilization.
	www.ford.utexas.edu /museum/exhibits/China_exhibit/chou.htm (370 words)

	AntiqueJades.com - Offering Antique Chinese Jade Carvings
		A commoner rising to General would defeat his son and establish the HAN Dynasty in 207BC, ushering in the golden age of Chinese culture and thought.
		MING Dynasty (1368-1644AD) A wonderful period in China, when the country was at peace, the arts continued to flourish, and trade with the other nations of Asia (especially Indonesia and the Philippines) grew to extensive proportions.
		The raw material of jade was available and flowed to the carving centers, and the patron-commission system allowed newly-wealthy merchants to acquire jades (when previously such ownership was restricted to the titled and landed nobility or royalty).
	www.antiquejades.com /cndynst.htm (1169 words)

	Zhou Dynasty - Ancient China
		The Zhou dynasty is divided into two periods, the Western Zhou which existed from the takeover of the Shang until approximately 771 B.C. and the Eastern Zhou.
		The Warring States period of the Zhou dynasty is aptly named due to the ongoing battles among the states of China from 475 B.C. to 221 B.C. The feudal lords of the Warring States continued to take advantage of the weakened Eastern Zhou after its earlier defeat by the barbarians.
		The Eastern Zhou dynasty is credited with the evolution of writing in the development of an ancient form of script that replaced the earlier bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou.
	www.ancient-china.net /articles/zhou-dynasty (657 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Shang Dynasty is known for its use of bronze containers, oracle bones, and human sacrifice, a practice that ends shortly after the collapse of the dynasty.
		The capital is moved eastward to Loyang, thus ending the "Western Chou" period.
		141-87 BCE: China - Han Wu-Ti is emperor of the Han Dynasty.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/chpage.htm (937 words)

	Zhou Chou
		Living as he did in the second half of the Zhou Chou dynasty 1027256 BC, when feudalism degenerated in China and conspiracy and evildoing were constant...
		The Chou Dynasty was divided by feudal states and education and...
		Dynasties of China Xia 1875 1550 BC Shang 1550 1050 BC Zhou 1050 256...
	www.megaessays.com /essay_search/Zhou_Chou.html (357 words)

	Chou Dynasty - The Art of Asia - Chinese Dynasty Guide
		Chou Dynasty - The Art of Asia - Chinese Dynasty Guide
		Chinese culture changed radically during this 770-year period, as power extended across family lines to create aristocratic cities and principalities; eventually, these separate states battled for dominance.
		Two enduring schools of thought-Confucianism and Taoism-evolved, and the Chinese literary tradition began.
	www.artsmia.org /art-of-asia/history/dynasty-chou.cfm (98 words)

	Chou Clansmen Association Blog
		The Chou Clansmen Association of America is a fraternal, non-profit, unincorporated organization in the State of Hawaii.
		The main purpose of the Chou Clansmen Association of America, herein referred to as the Chou Clansmen (Zhou Clansmen in Mandarin), is to serve as a tool for the gathering and preservation of the Chou Dynasty heritage and families.
		The Chou Clansmen organization exist as a benevolent Chinese society to help family members in their time of need with food, shelter, clothing, and other needs.
	us.geocities.com /zhouclan (326 words)

	Restaurant: Chou's Dynasty
		By 1998 he had sold both of those restaurants and opened the handsome Chou's Dynasty in Killearn, a solid hit and a four-and-a-half hatter from the start.
		Chou's Dynasty boasts one of the most impressive dining rooms in the region.
		A meal at Chou's Dynasty is a sensory feast.
	ae.tallahassee.com /entertainment/ui/tallahassee/restaurant.html?id=28287&reviewId=12661 (900 words)

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