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	Christiaan Eijkman (www.whonamedit.com)
		Christiaan Eijkman was the seventh child of Johanna Alida Pool and Christiaan Eijkman, a boarding-school proprietor in the small Gelderland town of Nijkerk, situated at the northern border of the Veluwe region.
		Eijkman now supposed that the causative factor must be sought in the food, especially the polished and boiled rice.
		Eijkman discovered that the real cause of beriberi was the deficiency of some vital substance in the staple food of the natives, which is located in the so-called "silver skin" (pericarpium) of the rice.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/1983.html (1803 words)

	eijkman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Christiaan Eijkman doorliep de openbare MULO te Zaandam, waarvan zijn vader directeur was.
		Eijkman bekwaamde zich in de loop van 1886 in de bacteriologie, aanvankelijk onder leiding van de bacterioloog Joseph Forster te Amsterdam, later bij Robert Koch in Berlijn.
		Eijkman was in zijn werk zo geboeid door het leven van de micro-organismen, dat Jansen hem heeft gekarakteriseerd als een onwillige vader van de vitaminenleer.
	www.inghist.nl /Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/Index/bwn2/eijkman (1034 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman Summary
		Eijkman drew the conclusion that the disease was linked to the mode of rice preparation, but he incorrectly assumed that the husks contained an antidote to a toxic substance in the grain.
		Christiaan Eijkman was born on August 11, 1858, in Nijkerk, the Netherlands.
		Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858 – November 5, 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins.
	www.bookrags.com /Christiaan_Eijkman (2638 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman - Biography
		Christiaan Eijkman was born on August 11, 1858, at Nijkerk in Gelderland (The Netherlands), the seventh child of Christiaan Eijkman, the headmaster of a local school, and Johanna Alida Pool.
		For Eijkman this was to prove a lucky event, as it enabled him to work in E. Forster's laboratory in Amsterdam, and also in Robert Koch's bacteriological laboratory in Berlin; here he came into contact with A. Pekelharing and C. Winkler, who were visiting the German capital before their departure to the Indies.
		Eijkman was holder of the John Scott Medal, Philadelphia, and Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/eijkman-bio.html (1249 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman, Beriberi and Vitamin B1
		Christiaan Eijkman was born on August 11, 1858 in the Dutch town of Nijkerk.
		Eijkman was still suffering from malaria and was recently widowed but he decided he wanted to work at the new institute.
		Eijkman was actually awarded the Prize because he was the first to point out a substance in the rice skin - a substance not to be known as the anti-beriberi factor as Eijkman called it, but what later was to be known as vitamin B1.
	nobelprize.org /educational_games/medicine/vitamin_b1/eijkman.html (1950 words)

	[No title]
		Eijkman was called 'the unwilling father of the vitamins'.
		Eijkman thought the coat of the rice contained an antibody against the poison of the bacterium that affected the nervous system and caused beriberi.
		In 1930 Eijkman was awarded the Nobel Prize but was too ill to travel in order to accept the Prize.
	www.uu.nl /uupublish/homeuu/homeenglish/aboututrechtuniv/corporateinforma/history/nobelprizewinner/eijkman/23060_169.html (215 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930)
		Een jaar na de geboorte van Christiaan Eijkman in Nijkerk in 1858, werd zijn vader directeur van een nieuwe school in Zaandam.
		Eijkman ontmoette deze twee mannen in Berlijn en keerde als assistent voor deze missie terug naar IndiÃ«.
		Eijkman had de ingeving dat wellicht de voeding van de kippen aan deze ontwikkelingen ten grondslag zou kunnen liggen.
	www.kb.nl /hkc/nobel/eijkman/eijkman.html (706 words)

	Digital Library > Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) > Biography author Eijkman, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Eijkman was born in Nijkerk on 11 August 1858, the son of a school proprietor who became director of a secondary school (MULO)* in Zaandam.
		In 1896 Eijkman (who had remarried in 1888 to Berthe Julie Louise van der Kemp, with whom he was to have one son) returned to the Netherlands for good.
		Nevertheless, it was the researches of Eijkman that formed the basis of the understanding of the role of vitamins in nutrition, and that led to the discovery of thiamin (vitamin B1) in 1926 by B.C.P. Jansen and W.F. Donath.
	www.knaw.nl /cfdata/digital_library/output/proceedings/biography.cfm?RecordId=975 (646 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Christiaan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Huygens, Christiaan, 1629-95, Dutch mathematician and physicist; son of Constantijn Huygens.
		The son of a Dutch Reformed minister, Barnard studied medicine at the Univ. of Cape Town (M.B. 1953), then came to the United States in 1955 to improve his surgical technique under Owen H. Wangensteen at the Univ. of Minnesota.
		Christiaan Barnard, celebrated pioneer of heart transplant surgery, dies aged 78.(News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Christiaan&StartAt=1 (704 words)

	Orthomolecular.org-History Of Orthomolecular Medicine
		As a result of his findings, Captain James Cook made it mandatory that every English sailor be supplied with rations of lemons and limes, enabling to sail around the world scurvy-free, as well as supplying them with the nickname "limeys." Today, it is well known that scurvy is due to vitamin C deficiency.
		Christiaan Eijkman, a Dutch physician, is famous for his nutritional research.
		He discovered vitamin B. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman proved that an element in unpolished rice was essential to proper functioning of the nervous system and carbohydrate metabolism, and that a deficiency in that ingredient could cause beriberi and other diseases.
	orthomolecular.org /history (5090 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Christiaan Eijkman
		Christiaan Eijkman (Nijkerk, August 11, 1858 – Utrecht, November 5, 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins.
		Although Eijkman had been sent to Indonesia to study beriberi, the discovery of the cause was accidental.
		Lodewijk Palm, Christiaan Eijkman 1858 -1930 In: K. van Berkel, A. van Helden and L. Palm ed., A history of Science in the Netherlands.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman (208 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930)
		Eijkman fue designado primer director del laboratorio, al tiempo que dirigía una pequeña escuela médica destinada a la formación de profesionales indígenas.
		Eijkman, sin embargo, interpretaba los resultados de forma distinta a como lo hacemos hoy; para él la corteza del arroz contenía una “antitoxina” que anulaba los efectos de una toxina que segregaba algún microorganismo, cuyo desarrollo se veía favorecido por las dietas de arroz descascarillado.
		Eijkman estudió también la llamada “anemia tropical”, a la que negó entidad propia; investigó la relación del metabolismo con factores geoclimáticos e ideó un test de fermentación, como hemos dicho.
	historiadelamedicina.org /eijkman.htm (2257 words)

	Eijkman, Christiaan
		Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) discovered that not all diseases were caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses, but that some were due to dietary deficiencies, particularly deficiencies of certain vitamins.
		Encouraged by Koch, Eijkman joined a commission sent to the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1887 to investigate the disease beriberi and begin the work that was to make him famous.
		Eijkman, whose work served as the basis for the modern theory of vitamins, shared the Nobel Prize in medicine with Hopkins in 1929.
	www.discoveriesinmedicine.com /General-Information-and-Biographies/Eijkman-Christiaan.html (564 words)

	Unraveling the Enigma of ... - "a substance different fr...
		Eijkman observed that hens in his Jakarta laboratory suffered symptoms of nerve disease (polyneuritis) that were strikingly similar to those for beriberi--including muscle weakness, nerve degeneration, and paralysis.
		Eijkman failed in this effort, but in 1897 he did succeed in establishing something more significant.
		Eijkman and his successor, Gerrit Grijns, later used water or ethanol to extract the mysterious antineuritic factor from rice hulls.
	www.beyonddiscovery.org /Includes/DBLink.asp?ID=1181 (680 words)

	HSci 1815 \|\| Eijkman Case Study
		Eijkman and his colleagues were also not the first to try to identify the cause of beriberi.
		Eijkman reasoned that there must be a neutralizing agent or antidote to the bacterium in the cuticle of the rice.
		Eijkman had still not demonstrated conclusively how polished rice was part of the process in which bacteria caused beriberi in humans.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~allch001/1815/beriberi/eijkman1.htm (3099 words)

	Introduction to Nutrition -- Early scientific studies of nutrition: The discovery of vitamins
		Eijkman's scientific training almost led him astray in discovering the cause of beri-beri.
		Eijkman got himself appointed to the beri-beri committee to look into this disease, which was ravaging the Far East, especially closed communities like the army, navy, and prisons.
		Eijkman discovered this change, and it was the key, although he continued to believe for a long time that the disease was caused by something in the polished rice, rather than a deficiency of something.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /NetBiochem/nutrition/lect1/4_3c.html (305 words)

	[No title]
		The Eijkman Graduate School for Immunology and Infectious diseases consists of research groups from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Faculty of Pharmacy, the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad) and the UMC Institute "Infection and Immunity".
		The Eijkman medallion is an award from the Eijkman Graduate School for “Immunology and Infectious diseases”.
		With this medallion the school aims to honour Christiaan Eijkman (1858 — 1930), 1929 Nobel Laureate in Medicine.
	www.eijkmanschool.org /eijkmanschool/scripts/content_show.php3?id=9 (279 words)

	Daily Celebrations ~ Linus Pauling, Lots of Ideas ~ August 11 ~ Ideas to motivate, educate, and inspire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Dutch physician and pathologist Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) was born on this day in Gelderland, The Netherlands.
		Eijkman invetigated the cause of beriberi and found that a person had to live in an area for several weeks to contract the disease.
		Eijkman concluded that beriberi was caused by depriving the body of certain unknown substances, later identified as vitamins.
	www.dailycelebrations.com /081102.htm (317 words)

	History @ Eijkman Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Here, Christiaan Eijkman as its first Director, carried out most of his early work which resulted in the great discovery of the relationship between vitamin B1 deficiency and beri-beri; in recognition of his fundamental work, upon which the modern concept of vitamin is based, Eijkman won a Nobel Prize in 1929.
		The initiative to revive the Eijkman Institute as a medium to establish a research institution of an international standing in molecular cell biology was conceived in the office of the Indonesian Minister for Research and Technology.
		It was endorsed by the Indonesian President at the centenary commemoration of Christiaan Eijkman's discovery of vitamin B1 deficiency as the cause of beri-beri in December 1990.
	www.eijkman.go.id /app.x/History (317 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman - Wikimedia Commons
		Deutsch: Christiaan Eijkman (1858 – 1930) war ein niederländischer Hygieniker.
		English: Christiaan Eijkman (1858 – 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins.
		Nederlands: Christiaan Eijkman (1858 – 1930) was een Nederlands arts en patholoog.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman (84 words)

	Guide Magazine Online . Cover Feature
		One of the members was Christiaan Eijkman, a young doctor from Amsterdam.
		Eijkman immediately examined the blood of the chickens.
		Christiaan Eijkman explained his discovery to the hospital director.
	www.guidemagazine.org /storyvault/feature.asp?id=203 (822 words)

	zhongguosj_right.jpg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Christiaan Eijkman and Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1929)
		Among his outstanding contributions to science was his discovery of a method for isolating tryptophan and for identifying its structure.
		Subsequently he did the work which was to gain him in 1929, together with Christiaan Eijkman, who had demonstrated the association between beriberi and the consumption of decorticated rice, the Nobel Prize.
	www.csbmb.org.cn /xuehuilh/zhongguosj/kexuekp/kexuej/t20010121_7364.htm (2041 words)

	Christiaan Eijkman
		Christiaan Eijkman deed in Nederlands-IndiÃ« onderzoek naar beri-beri en andere tropische ziekten.
		Hij ontdekte dat het vliesje om een rijstkorrel een bestanddeel bevat dat ziekte kan voorkomen.
		Eijkman kreeg in 1929 de Nobelprijs voor de geneeskunde voor de ontdekking van vitamine B1.
	www.kb.nl /hkc/nobel/eijkman/index.html (42 words)

	Eijkman Christiaan - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Eijkman Christiaan - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland (1861-1947), British biochemist and Nobel laureate, born in Eastbourne, and educated at the University of London.
		The first stage in discovering the cause of beriberi was in the 1890s, when a Dutch doctor, Christiaan Eijkman, found that fowls fed only on polished...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Eijkman_Christiaan.html (96 words)

	Simposium Eijkman Internasional ke-3 di Yogyakarta - Sabtu, 25 September 2004
		Direktur Lembaga Eijkman Prof Sangkot Marzuki MD PhD DSc pada jumpa pers di Jakarta, Rabu (22/9) kemarin menyatakan bahwa simposium lanjutan ini sangat penting karena ilmu kedokteran berkembang pesat di dunia.
		Di sinilah Christiaan Eijkman sebagai direktur pertama mengawali penelitiannya yang berakhir dengan temuan besar tentang hubungan antara defisiensi vitamin B1 dan beri-beri.
		Setelah meninggalkan Batavia tahun 1898, Christiaan Eijkman diangkat sebagai profesor di Universitas Utrecht.
	www.kompas.com /kompas-cetak/0409/25/humaniora/1287946.htm (299 words)

	Front Page @ Eijkman Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Eijkman Institute is a renewed, non-profit, government funded research institute conducting basic research in medical molecular biology and biotechnology.
		The institute has a main mission of advancing the progress of molecular biology and biotechnology related basic research in Indonesia, particularly in the biomedical field.
		The institute was named after its first director, Christiaan Eijkman, a Dutch-born scientist whose works in beri-beri at this institute leads to the discovery of the first vitamin.
	www.eijkman.go.id (94 words)

	Dr Remme of TDR awarded the Eijkman Medal
		We are pleased to announce that Dr Hans Remme has been awarded the Eijkman Medal for his contribution to tropical medicine, specifically for his work in the field of epidemiological research and control of onchocerciasis.
		The Eijkman Medal Foundation was established in 1923 in honour of Christiaan Eijkman, former professor of hygiene at the University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
		The aim of the Foundation is to encourage research in tropical medicine, and the Eijkman Medal is awarded every two years to those scientists who have made a major contribution to this field.
	www.who.int /tdr/publications/tdrnews/news66/medal.htm (236 words)

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