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	Press Release: Papers of Nobel Scientist Christian Anfinsen Added to "Profiles in Science" Web Site
		Anfinsen, a biochemist at the National Institutes of Health from 1950 until 1981, was awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the structure and composition of proteins in living cells.
		Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr., was born to Norwegian immigrants on March 26, 1916 in Monessen, Pennsylvania, a small town south of Pittsburgh.
		Anfinsen's work in the late 1960s demonstrated that understanding the chemistry of proteins was essential to understanding the function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in heredity.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /archive/20040831/news/press_releases/anfinsenpr00.html (961 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		Christian Boemer Anfinsen, winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize in chemistry and a Johns Hopkins University biochemist, died Sunday, May 14, of an apparent heart attack suffered at his home in the Baltimore suburb of Pikesville.
		Anfinsen believed these bacteria, which are capable of living at very high temperatures, may prove useful in deactivating and disposing of toxic materials, such as chemical weapons.
		Dr. Anfinsen was the author of 200 scientific articles and a book, The Molecular Basis of Evolution (1959), in which he described the relationships between protein chemistry and genetics and the promise those areas held for the understanding of evolution.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/home95/may95/anfinsen.html (827 words)

	Anfinsen, Christian B.
		Dr. Anfinsen obtained a B.A. degree from Swarthmore College in 1937 and an M.S. in organic chemistry in 1939 from the University of Pennsylvania.
		Anfinsen left Harvard in 1950 to become Chief of the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metaolism in the National Heart Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
		In Anfinsen's early work, he and Steinberg studied the non-uniform labelling in newly synthesized proteins - a technique with later permitted Dintzis, Canfield and others to determine that proteins are synthesized sequentially from the amino-terminal and in vivo, and to calculate the rate at which amino acids are polymerized.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Anfinsen/Anfinsen.htm (637 words)

	Christian B. Anfinsen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anfinsen was born in (additional info and facts about Monessen, Pennsylvania) Monessen, Pennsylvania.
		In 1961 he showed that (A transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid) ribonuclease could be refolded after denaturation while preserving enzyme activity, thereby suggesting that all the information required by protein to adopt its final conformation is encoded in its (additional info and facts about primary structure) primary structure.
		He was a convert to (The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud) Judaism by going through the (additional info and facts about giur) giur-process.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ch/Christian_B._Anfinsen.htm (121 words)

	Anfinsen, Christian B. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anfinsen received a doctorate in biochemistry from Harvard University in 1943 and then held various research and teaching positions.
		He joined the staff of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Md.) in 1950, and he headed the laboratory of chemical biology in the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases from 1963 to 1982.
		Anfinsen was able to ascertain how the ribonuclease molecule folds to form the characteristic three-dimensional structure that is compatible with its function.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/23_63.html (167 words)

	Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer, Jr. - Talk Medical
		In 1933, Anfinsen was admitted to Swarthmore College on a scholarship, where he studied chemistry and played football while working as a waiter in the dining hall.
		In 1972, Anfinsen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on the basis of groundbreaking work in protein chemistry that he had conducted since the early 1950s.
		Anfinsen focused considerable energies on a wide range of social and political issues including nuclear disarmament, environmental depredation, and human rights abuses committed against scientists in foreign nations.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/825/Anfinsen-Christian-Boehmer-Jr- (616 words)

	Biographical Sketches
		Anfinsen was educated at Swarthmore College, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1943.
		Anfinsen, however, was more concerned with the shape and structure of the enzyme and the forces that permitted it always to adopt the same unique configuration.
		The important conclusion that Anfinsen drew from this observation was that all the information for the assembly of the three-dimensional protein must be contained in the protein's sequence of amino acids—its primary structure.
	www.history.nih.gov /exhibits/stadtman/bios.htm (3691 words)

	Finding Aid to the Christian Anfinsen Papers, 1964-1999
		Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr., was born 26 March 1916 in Monessen, Pennsylvania, a small town south of Pittsburgh.
		Anfinsen "stuck out the forced inactivity for about a year," as he observed a few years later, "but finally, needing some kind of active scientific base, wrote to friends at the Johns Hopkins University." In 1982, the university offered him a senior position as Professor of Biology and Assistant to the President for Industrial Liaison.
		Anfinsen, C.B., Beloff, A., Hastings, A.B. and Solomon, A.K.: The invitro turnover of dicarboxylic amino acids in liver slice proteins.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/manuscripts/ead/anfinsen.html (4696 words)

	Christian Anfinsen - Biography
		Born in Monessen, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1916 Dr. Anfinsen obtained a B.A. degree from Swarthmore College in 1937 and an M.S. in organic chemistry in 1939 from the University of Pennsylvania.
		Anfinsen left Harvard in 1950 to become Chief of the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism in the National Heart Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
		In Anfinsen's early work, he and Steinberg studied the non-uniform labelling in newly synthesized proteins - a technique which later permitted Dintzis, Canfield and others to determine that proteins are synthesized sequentially from the amino-terminal and in vivo, and to calculate the rate at which amino acids are polymerized.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1972/anfinsen-bio.html (950 words)

	Prize-winning scientist honored with marker
		Harhai told Shawley about Anfinsen, a native of Monessen, who had shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972 for his studies involving the structural properties of proteins and their biological functions.
		Anfinsen began his career in 1943 as an assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard University, where he stayed until 1950.
		Anfinsen died in 1995 at 79 of an apparent heart attack in his home in Baltimore.
	www.post-gazette.com /neigh_washington/19991010marker8.asp (456 words)

	Christian
		Christian struggled and was reassigned shortly after the start of autumn, but remains with the team, driving the 44 car, and expects to run a full Cup season for Richard in 2004.
		Christianity is a group of religious traditions that trace their origins to Jesus Christ, a Jew of the first century C.E., and assert that he is God, the son of God and messiah -- the Lord and sole Saviour of all humanity.
		Christian tradition reports that Peter was likewise executed in Rome, by crucifixion (upsidedown, at his request because he did not feel he deserved the 'honor' of dying in the same way as Christ died).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Ch/Christian.html (8628 words)

	Immunological distinction between the possible origins of enzymatic activity in a polypeptide fragment of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		WE have used an immunological approach to demonstrate that the residual enzymatic activity in a large polypeptide fragment of staphylococcal nuclease is an intrinsic property of the fragment and not an artefact due to contamination with intact enzyme.
		These results are consistent with present concepts of the folding of polypeptide fragments to form structures similar to the native protein and may offer a method for the investigation of other macromolecular systems.
		Anfinsen, C. B., Cuatrecasas, P., and Taniuchi, H., in The Enzymes, 4 (edit.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v251/n5472/abs/251242a0.html (272 words)

	genetic code should be controversial - Rafiki
		Anfinsen did a fabulous job of validating point #1, but didn't even scratch the surface on point #2.
		What Anfinsen essentially proposed was that the only information that must be extracted from nucleotide sequences in translation is residue sequence.
		Anfinsen did not justify a belief in the linear paradigm of the genetic code.
	www.codefun.com /Genetic_controversy.htm (1599 words)

	Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Biography / Biography of Christian Boehmer Anfinsen World of Chemistry Biography
		Biochemist Christian Boehmer Anfinsen is known for establishing that the structure of an enzyme is intimately related to its function.
		Anfinsen was born on March 26, 1916, in Monessen, Pennsylvania, a town located just outside of Pittsburgh.
		He was the child of Christian Anfinsen, an engineer and emigrant from Norway, and Sophie Rasmussen, who was also of Norwegian heritage.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-christian-boehmer-anfinsen-woc (256 words)

	Johns Hopkins Gazette: May 22, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anfinsen won the 1972 Nobel Prize in chemistry and joined the Hopkins faculty in biology in 1982.
		He shared the prize with Rockefeller University scientists Stanford Moore and William H. Stein; they were honored for their clarification of the relationship between the structural properties of proteins and their biological functions.
		Anfinsen joined the National Institutes of Health in 1950 as chief of the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism in the National Heart Institute.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/aprjun95/may2295/22anfin.html (666 words)

	Lecture 8: Protein Structure 3
		In the 1960's, C. Anfinsen and his coworkers at the NIH performed a series of seminal experiments in vitro that answered a key part of the problem.
		The original work led Anfinsen to propose his "Thermodynamic Hypothesis", which states that the native conformation of a protein is adopted spontaneously.
		Anfinsen, C.B. (1973) "Principles that govern the folding of protein chains." Science 181 223-230.
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/www.bio.cmu.edu/Courses/03231/LecF99/Lec08/lec08.html (700 words)

	Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		May 14, 1995, Randallstown, Md.), concentrated on research into the structure of enzymes, proteins that serve to promote biochemical reactions, and was co-winner with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for fundamental work on correlating the structural properties of proteins with their physiological functions.
		Anfinsen, Christian B. American biochemist who, with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, received the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research clarifying the relationship between the molecular structure of proteins and their biological functions.
		Christian Science was founded in 1879 by Mary Baker Eddy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9111993 (730 words)

	MSN Encarta - Anfinsen, Christian B.
		MSN Encarta - Anfinsen, Christian B. MSN Home
		Anfinsen, Christian B. Anfinsen, Christian B. (1916-1995), American biochemist and Nobel Prize winner.
		His research focused on understanding the relationship between a...
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761583098/Anfinsen_Christian_B.html (93 words)

	Christian Boemer Anfinsen
		Anfinsen was said to have been one of the greatest protein chemists of his era.
		Christian Anfinsen was born in Monessen, Pennsylvania in 1916.
		Dr. Anfinsen earned his bachelors degree from Swarthmore College in 1937, and he also received a masters in organic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1939.
	www.radessays.com /viewpaper/29828/Christian_Boemer_Anfinsen.html (275 words)

	Christian B. Anfinsen -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		in full Christian Boehmer Anfinsen American biochemist who, with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, received the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research clarifying the relationship between the molecular structure of proteins and their biological functions.
		Biographical sketches of Christian B. Anfinsen and Stanford Moore and autobiography of William H. Stein of the U.S. Features a presentation speech on the occasion of their jointly winning this prize.
		Protestant Christian magazine that seeks to offer "the best in Christian reading." Contains sample articles on such disparate issues as religious freedoms and children of divorce.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007533?tocId=9007533&query=anfinsen&ct=eb (647 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anfinsen used the protein, ribonuclease, because it was relatively small, a great deal was known about it, and its catalytic activity easily measured
		Anfinsen showed that upon restoring the conditions to those optimal for the protein will cause restoration of both structure and function --- a process called renaturation --- thus showing that the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain contains all the information required to fold the chain into ins native, three-dimensional structure.
		According to Anfinsen’s presentation on receiving the Nobel Prize in 1973: “The studies…..establish..the generality which we have occasionally called the ‘thermodynamic hypothesis[1]’.
	www.rpc.msoe.edu /sepa/preview/sec3/3-14.htm (325 words)

	The Christian B. Anfinsen Papers: Biographical Information
		His father, Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Sr., was a mechanical engineer; both he and his wife, Sophie Rasmussen Anfinsen, were Norwegian immigrants who taught their children the Norwegian language and heritage.
		Two weeks after the Anfinsens arrived in Israel, however, E. Hutton withdrew its funding from the project, leaving the couple in limbo.
		From 1983 until 1995, Anfinsen's primary research concerned the study of "hyperthermophilic bacteria," microorganisms that thrive at extremely high temperatures.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /KK/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html (1010 words)

	The Protein Society: www.proteinsociety.org
		The Christian B. Anfinsen Award, sponsored by the Aviv Family Foundation, recognizes significant technical achievements in the field of protein science.
		The 2007 recipient will be recognized at the 2007 Annual Symposium of the The Protein Society by presenting a plenary lecture on the structure and function of protein science as it relates to his/her field of study.
		Nominations for the 2007 Christian B. Anfinsen Award should be sent to The Protein Society Executive Officer, Cindy A. Yablonski, by November 1, 2006.
	www.proteinsociety.org /pages/page03c.htm (976 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Christianity
		Christianity, the most widely distributed of the world religions, having substantial representation in all the populated continents of the globe.
		Bible, also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity.
		Early Christian Art and Architecture, art works and buildings produced between the 3rd and 7th centuries for the Christian church.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Christianity.html (103 words)

	Science in Christian Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Christianity and the Scientist by Ian G. Barbour, Chairman of the Department of Religion and Associate Professor of Physics, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota.
		A CHRISTIAN CRITIQUE OF THE UNIVERSITY by Charles Habib Malik.
		CHRISTIANITY FOR THE TOUGH MINDED, edited with Introduction and Preliminary Essay on God's Existence by John Warwick Montgomery.
	www.asa3.org:16080 /ASA/BookReviews1949-1989 (7755 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Simon Agnes Nagpal 642-2801 Figure 2.12 Christian Anfinsen denatured ribonuclease by reducing all disulfide bonds with beta-mercaptoethanol and changing the entropy of system by adding 8 molar urea (disorders the aqueous solvent).
		From this experiment, Anfinsen deduced that the three dimensional structure of a protein is uniquely determined by its primary sequence of amino acids.
		This disease is an example that there is not a single structure for a polypeptide chain but 2 structures, and therefore Anfinsen's theory is not always correct.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/cell06.doc (1324 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Christian Doppler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - Christian Doppler
		Doppler, Christian Johann (1803-53), Austrian physicist and mathematician, born in Salzburg, and educated there and in Vienna.
		Protestantism, one of the three major divisions of Christianity, the others being Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Christian_Doppler.html (99 words)

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