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	Christian Huygens (1629 - 1695)
		Christian Huygens was born at the Hague on April 14, 1629, and died in the same town on July 8, 1695.
		In 1675 Huygens proposed to regulate the motion of watches by the use of the balance spring, in the theory of which he had been perhaps anticipated in a somewhat ambiguous and incomplete statement made by Hooke in 1658.
		From this hypothesis Huygens deduced the laws of reflexion and refraction, explained the phenomenon of double refraction, and gave a construction for the extraordinary ray in biaxal crystals; while he found by experiment the chief phenomena of polarization.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/Huygens/RouseBall/RB_Huygens.html (1267 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Huygens, Christiaan
		Although Huygens later rejected certain of the Cartesian tenets including the identification of extension and body, he always affirmed that mechanical explanations were essential in science, a fact that later was to have an important influence on his mathematical interpretation of both light and gravitation.
		Earlier Huygens had applied the same principle to the treatment of the problem of collisions, for which he had obtained a definitive solution in the case of perfectly elastic bodies as early as 1656, although his results remained unpublished until 1669.
		Huygens' health was never good, and he suffered from recurrent illnesses, including one in 1670 which was so serious that for a time he despaired of his own life.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/HUYGENS_BIO.html (1585 words)

	Christiaan Huygens - Wikipedia
		Huygens wurde als Sohn Constantijn Huygens' geboren, der Sprachgelehrter, Diplomat, Komponist und der damals führende Dichter Hollands war.
		Huygens entwickelte die Wellentheorie des Lichts, die es ihm ermöglichte, Linsen mit geringeren Abbildungsfehlern (Aberration) zu schleifen und so bessere Teleskope zu bauen; seine Entdeckungen bewirkten auch eine Steigerung der Bildschärfe bei der Camera obscura und der Laterna magica.
		Huygens entdeckte mit seinem selbstgebauten Teleskop 1655 erstmals den Saturnmond Titan.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christiaan_Huygens (689 words)

	Christian Huygens biography
		Huygens was the first to apply the pendulum to clocks and to use the device to determine the acceleration of gravity.
		Huygens was the first to construct powerful telescopes and in 1655 discovered the ring of Saturn and the fourth satellite of that planet.
		Huygens was the originator of the wave theory of light; and his theory, now accepted, was first stated by him in 1678, in his Traité de la lumière (first printed in 1690; modern German translation in Ostwald's Klassiker No. 20, Leipzig).
	www.dromo.info /huygensbio.htm (579 words)

	Huygens
		Huygens believed that a pendulum swinging in a large are would be more useful at sea and he invented the cycloidal pendulum with this in mind.
		Huygens' work on the collision of elastic bodies showed the error Descartes' laws of impact and his memoir on the topic was sent to the
		Huygens stated that an expanding sphere of light behaves as if each point on the wave front were a new source of radiation of the same frequency and phase.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Huygens.html (2255 words)

	Huygens' Principle
		Subsequently, Augustin Fresnel (1788-1827) elaborated on Huygens' Principle by stating that the amplitude of the wave at any given point equals the superposition of the amplitudes of all the secondary wavelets at that point (with the understanding that the wavelets have the same frequency as the original wave).
		The connection with Huygens' original statement about secondary wavelets is that each wavelet - with the same speed as the original wave - represents a tiny light cone at that point, and Huygens' principle asserts that light is confined to those light cones.
		It's also interesting to note the analogy between Huygens' spherical wavelets centered on the boundary of the wave front and the technique of analytic continuation, by which we expand the boundary of an analytic region by means of disks of convergence centered on or near the boundary of the existing analytic region.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath242/kmath242.htm (2548 words)

	Electromagnetics - Spotlight on Christian Huygens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Christian Huygens was born 1629 in Hofwijck, Holland, son to Constantijin Huygens, a well known diplomat and academician.
		Huygens grew up in a rich environment in which he was exposed to many of the most influential thinkers of the time.
		Huygens estimated the distance to the nearest stars by camparing their brightness to the brightness of the Sun as seen through a small hole drilled in a brass disk.
	ethel.as.arizona.edu /~collins/astro/subjects/electromag4.html (288 words)

	Christiaan Huygens - Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin
		Christiaan Huygens, nederländsk vetenskapsman, född 14 april 1629 i Haag, död 8 juli 1695.
		Genom sin far Constantijn Huygens lärde sig Christiaan känna många inflytelserika inom naturvetenskap t.ex.
		Han formulerade Huygens princip som säger att varje punkt på en vågfront är källan till en ny våg.
	sv.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christiaan_Huygens (364 words)

	Christiaan Huygens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historians commonly associate Huygens with the scientific revolution.
		Huygens early speculated in detail about life on other planets (although we do not know to what extent ancient writers exercised such speculation, since most of their work has not survived).
		Huygens moved back to The Hague in 1681 after suffering serious illness and died there 14 years later on July 8, 1695.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_Huygens (505 words)

	Christiaan Huygens (1629-95) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Born in The Hague in 1629, Christiaan Huygens was a famous Dutchman for his development of advanced pendulum clocks (1659).
		Huygens also contributed significantly to physics: In 1656, he derived the conservation of momentum law, in 1659, he established the idea of centrifugal forces, and in 1678 in Paris, he developed his famous wave theory of light.
		Huygens left France in about 1686 for religious reasons, fearing persecution as he was a protestant, visited England in 1689 and then retired to The Hague, where he died in 1695.
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/Bios/huygens.html (378 words)

	Christian Huygens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thanks to the telescope that he perfected, Huygens discovered Saturn's ring and carried out astronomical observations of the planets, of the nebula of Orion and of the Moon, illustrated in his Systema Saturnium (The Hague, 1659), dedicated to Prince Leopoldo de' Medici.
		Huygens engaged in correspondence with the Tuscan scientific community at the time of the Accademia del Cimento above all on the nature of the ring surrounding Saturn.
		Huygens is also remembered for his invention of the eyepiece that was named after him.
	brunelleschi.imss.fi.it /cimento/protagonisti/corrispondenti/3_17/edx.html (173 words)

	Christiaan Huygens, the true inventor of the magic lantern
		Christiaan Huygens, born April 14, 1629 in The Hague, was a Dutch mathematician, astronomer
		On the basis of the available data the conclusion is justified that Christiaan Huygens combined all the elements of a projection lantern, and also that he certainly did this no later than 1659.
		Huygens’ health was never good and he suffered from recurrent illnesses.
	www.luikerwaal.com /huygens_uk.htm (635 words)

	Christiaan Huygens: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Christiaan Huygens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Christiaan Huygens (born in The Hague on April 14, 1629) was a Dutch mathematician and physicist.
		Huygens is commonly associated with the Scientific Revolution and is generally given minor credit for his role in the development of calculus.
		Using the Parisian observatory, which was completed in 1672, he made further astronomical observations.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ch/Christian-Huygens.html (377 words)

	Bibliography Christiaan Huygens
		Harting, Pieter, Christiaan Huygens in zijn leven en werken geschetst (Gebroeders Hoitsema, Groningen, 1868).
		Lemans, Moses, Levensbeschrijving van Christiaan Huygens, in eene redevoering, uitgesproken in het letteroefenend genootschap Tot Nut en Beschaving, den 16den van Lentemaand 1820 (s.n., s.l., [1820]).
		Korteweg, Diederik Johannes, “Christian Huygens’ wissenschaftliche Lehrjahre”, Internationale Wochenschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Technik, 3 (1909), 1391-1396 and 1411-1426 – German translation of Korteweg (1909/10).
	www.phys.uu.nl /~huygens/hug_biblio3_en.htm (1641 words)

	References for Huygens
		A E Bell, Christian Huygens and the Development of Science in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1947).
		L Giacardi, On the approximate calculation of the length of the circumference in Huygens and in Lambert, Rend.
		M Nauenberg, Huygens and Newton on Curvature and its applications to Dynamics, De zeventiende eeuw, jaargang 12 (1) (1996), 215-234.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/References/Huygens.html (1070 words)

	Royal Society \| About the Society \| Library and Archives \| \| Fellow of the month - February
		Christian Huygens, elected to the Fellowship in 1663, made headlines last month when the European Space Agency probe bearing his name successfully landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
		Huygens made many observations and inventions, which were rarely acknowledged during his lifetime.
		Huygens also studied optics and light and the effect of gravity on projectiles.
	www.royalsoc.ac.uk /page.asp?id=2896 (242 words)

	Christiaan Huygens
		Huygens was involved at the examination of small life forms and microscopic objects like sperms and blood cells.
		Huygens presented the correct explanation for the rings in 1656.
		With this Huygens is known as the founder of the theory of probabilistics.
	www.surveyor.in-berlin.de /himmel/Bios/Huygens-e.html (1057 words)

	Universe Today - Christian Huygen's 375th Birthday
		Huygens came from a wealthy and well-connected Dutch family, who were traditionally in diplomatic service to the House of Orange.
		Huygens applied himself to the manufacture of telescopes, together with his brother Constantijn, and soon after developed a theory of the telescope.
		Although scientific results obtained by Huygens were second only to those obtained by Newton, the Dutch scientist was not really recognised in his time, nor had he influenced the development of science as he could have done, because he preferred solitary contemplation to team efforts.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/huygens_375_birthday.html (841 words)

	Huygens, Christiaan -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also spelled Christian Huyghens Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, who founded the wave theory of light, discovered the true shape of the rings of Saturn, and made original contributions to the science of dynamics—the study of the action of forces on bodies.
		Proposed by the Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, Christiaan Huygens, in 1690, it is a powerful method for studying various optical phenomena.
		Huygens also developed the wave theory of light and made significant contributions to the science of dynamics and the use of the pendulum in clocks.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9041658?tocId=9041658 (840 words)

	Christian Huygens
		Christian Huygens was a Dutch physicist and astronomer who lived between 1629-1695.
		Using a telescope he had made, Huygens first identified Saturn's rings and one of Saturn's moons.
		Huygens also invented the pendulum clock, increasing the accuracy of timekeeping, and proposed the wave theory of light.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/people/enlightenment/huygens.html (103 words)

	lbTa0a0a0:: Historia: Christian Huygens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Christian Huygens va néixer el 14 d'abril de 1629 a l'Haia, fill de Constantin Huygens, senyor de Zelen i de Zülichem, posseïdor d'una fortuna considerable, conegut com a matemàtic i perquè va ser secretari i conseller de tres prínceps de la casa d'Orange.
		Huygens va acceptar i a partir de 1666, des de la fundació definitiva de l'acadèmia, s'establí a París.
		Huygens l'observà per primera vegada el 25 de març de 1655 i en determinà el període de revolució en 15 dies, 22 hores i 39 minuts.
	baldufa.upc.es /baldufa/parti/a0/a0a0/a0a0a0/a0a0a0.htm (3233 words)

	Christian Huygens (1629 - 1695) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Luis XIV llevó con engaños a Huygens a Francia en 1666, según su política de reunir sabios para la gloria de su régimen.
		Huygens regresó a Holanda en 1681, construyó algunas lentes de grandes longitudes focales e inventó el ocular acromático para telescopios.
		Huygens, quien estuvo sólo después de Newton entre los más grandes científicos de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, fue el primero en avanzar en el campo de la dinámica más allá del punto al que llegaron Galileo y Descartes.
	148.202.12.20 /galeria/cientificos/fisicos/huygens.htm (475 words)

	CHEO - Huygens, Christian - JMGL
		Christian mostró sus telescopios a los científicos ingleses y ellos probaron que eran superiores a los que estaban en uso en Inglaterra.
		Christian Huygens Fue una gran figura en los campos de matemáticas, física (óptica y mecánica) y astronomía.
		Huygens constituía un ejemplo de la síntesis entre una tecnología avanzada, una gran destreza práctica, una mente razonable, aguda y escéptica y buena predisposición ante las nuevas ideas.
	www.chihuahuaenorbita.org /CBA2003II/huygenschristian-jmgl.html (694 words)

	Cosmotheoros: or, Conjectures Concerning The Inhabitants of The Planets. Translated from the Latin of Christian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN Cosmotheoros: or, Conjectures Concerning The Inhabitants of The Planets.
		Huygens was a mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, the first to propound a wave theory of light.
		Forgotten until the early 19th century, these appear today as one of the most brilliant and original contributions to modern science and will always be remembered by the principle bearing his name.
	antiqbook.com /boox/zit/000279.shtml (326 words)

	Christian Huygens microscope design
		Christian and his brother designed and published this design in "Manuscript E" and republished in his Dioptrique.
		As with many other microscopes of the time Huygens used glass beads as the magnifying optic.
		Drawings made by Huygens in March of 1678 of specimens found in "clove water".
	golubcollection.berkeley.edu /17th/122/huygens.html (88 words)

	Christian Huygens
		Huygens also invented the pendulum clock, increasing the accuracy of timekeeping.
		Using a telescope he had made, Huygens first identified Saturn's rings and Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
		In 1656, Huygens invented the first pendulum clock and greatly increased the accuracy of timekeeping devices, which had previously used springs.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /people/enlightenment/huygens.html (218 words)

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