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Topic: Christian III of Denmark and Norway

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	Christian III of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christian III (August 12, 1503–January 1, 1559), king of Denmark and Norway, was the son of Frederick I of Denmark and his first consort, Anne of Brandenburg.
		The ultimate triumph of the Danish party dates from 1539, the dangers threatening Christian III from the emperor Charles V and other kinsmen of the imprisoned Christian II convincing him of the absolute necessity of removing the last trace of discontent in the land by leaning exclusively on Danish magnates and soldiers.
		The pivot of the foreign policy of Christian III was his alliance with the German Evangelical princes, as a counterpoise to the persistent hostility of Charles V, who was determined to support the hereditary claims of his nieces, the daughters of Christian II, to the Scandinavian kingdoms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark_and_Norway (793 words)

	Norway. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Norway is a constitutional monarchy; executive power, while nominally held by the monarch, is exercised by a council of ministers led by the prime minister.
		Christianity, brought by English missionaries, gained a foothold under Olaf I and was established by Olaf II (reigned 1015–28).
		Norway was one of the original members of the United Nations (the Norwegian Trygve Lie was the first UN Secretary-General), and it became a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949.
	www.bartleby.com /65/no/Norway.html (2041 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Christian III of Denmark Oldenburg
		The eldest son of Frederick I, king of Denmark and Norway, Christian was educated as a Lutheran and showed Protestant zeal as statholder (chief executive) in the Danish provinces of Schleswig and Holstein (1526).
		Christian III allied with Gustavus I of Sweden to defeat Lübeck in 1536.
		Christian married Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, daughter of Magnus of Saxe-Lauenburg and Katharina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, on 29 Oct 1525 in Lauenburg.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2116.htm (508 words)

	CHRISTIAN III. - LoveToKnow Article on CHRISTIAN III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		(1503-1559), king of Denmark and Norway, was the son of Frederick I. of Denmark and his first consort, Anne of Brandenburg.
		Christians finances were certainly readjusted thereby, but the ultimate gainers by the confiscation were the nobles, arid both education and morality suffered grievously in consequence.
		The complete identification of the Danish king with the Danish people was accomplished at the Herredag of Copenhagen, 1542, when the nobility of Denmark voted Christian a twentieth part of all their property to pay off his heavy debt to the Holsteiners and Germans.
	24.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHRISTIAN_III_.htm (702 words)

	The history of Norway
		From the middle of the 11th century the legislation that was enacted, the songs that were sung, and the monuments that were erected demonstrated the firm establishment of Christianity in Norway.
		Norway's Council of the Realm was disbanded, and the Norwegian church lost its autonomy.
		The social democratic party in Norway was heavily committed to curbing communist influence both in political life and in the mass organizations such as the trade unions; and the struggle ended in victory.
	www.cyberclip.com /Katrine/NorwayInfo/Articles/HistNorw.html (6703 words)

	Welcome to the Church of Norway
		During Pietism's first spell in Norway the Lutheran confirmation was introduced (1736), Bishop Erik Pontoppidan's explanations to the Christian faith was published (1737) and the state school system was established (1739).
		Christianity reached Norwegian shores as local kings and nobles were struggling to unite the numerous petty kingdoms into a single state.
		By assuming leadership of the Church, King Christian III of Denmark-Norway laid the foundations in 1537 for the state church system that still prevails in Norway (and Denmark).
	www.kirken.no /english/engelsk.cfm?artid=5730 (2366 words)

	Frederick II of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg.
		The dominating conflict of his rule was the Scandinavian Seven Years' War 1563-1570 in which he in vain tried to conquer Sweden which was ruled by his cousin, the insane King Eric XIV.
		It developed into an extremely expensive war of attrition in which the areas of Scania were ravaged by the Swedes and Norway was near by being lost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark_and_Norway (470 words)

	1481 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Change of King of Denmark and Norway from Christian I (1448-1481) to John (1481-1513)
		Fire destroyed the roof and the spires of the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Reims
		July 1 - King Christian III of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /1481.html (214 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick III, king of Denmark and Norway (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Frederick III 1609–70, king of Denmark and Norway (1648–70), son and successor of Christian IV.
		Charles X of Sweden forced Denmark to accept the humiliating Treaty of Roskilde (1658).
		The Netherlands and Brandenburg, allies of Denmark, then assisted in repulsing the Swedes, and the peace of Copenhagen was made (1660).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Fred3Den.html (297 words)

	Nation linked to Lutheranism since the days of the Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Christianity first came to the shores of Norway in the 9th century A.D. The missionaries were former Viking soldiers who converted to Christianity in the British Isles, Denmark and Germany.
		Norwegian King Olav Haraldsson was the central figure in spreading Christianity to Norway during the 11th century.
		Norway became the subject of the Danish crown in 1536.
	www.kpcnews.net /special-sections/norway/norway4.html (387 words)

	College Prep World History Mr. John Hanson Springboro High School TeacherWeb Update People in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Christian III allied with Gustavus I of Sweden to defeat Lubeck in 1536.
		Christian established Lutheranism in Denmark and imposed it on Norway.
		The Denmark of today was only a small part of the huge kingdom, which Christian III took over in 1536 after victory in the civil war.
	teacherweb.com /OH/Springboro/Hanson/uh5.stm (1677 words)

	alby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The result was that Christian III of Denmark-Norway became the owner of all wealth the Pope had held in the country.
		The Kingdom of Denmark and Norway suffered a financial crisis in the middle of the seventeenth century, and in 1668 Alby was Estate leased to the Dutch Financial House of di Marselier.
		As the Kingdom of Denmark and Norway was allied with France during the Napoleonic Wars, Norway’s ties with its traditional trading partners were severed.
	www.gallerif15.no /main/gallery/hist_estate.html (635 words)

	KING CHRISTIAN IV of Denmark-Norway and Helpers in Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The king assigned Lorenz for duty firstly in Denmark from 1596 and from 1603 to Kongsberg, Fiskum and Eiker in Norway.
		Christian became lieutenant colonel of the infantry regiment of Akershus, Oslo, Norway.
		During Denmark's war with Sweden AD 1563 to 1570, he was given the difficult job to accompany the Danish Army and make all payments for provision and salaries.
	home.online.no /~jawaage/Christian.htm (2157 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Reformation
		The Lutheran minority protested against this action and became known as Protestants; thus the first Protestants were Lutherans, the term being extended subsequently to include all the Christian sects that developed from the revolt against Rome.
		In 1530 the German scholar and religious reformer Melanchthon drew up a conciliatory statement of the Lutheran tenets, known as the Augsburg Confession, which was submitted to Emperor Charles V and to the Roman Catholic faction.
		Lutheranism, by then the religion of about half the population of Germany, thus finally gained official recognition, and the ancient concept of the religious unity of a single Christian community in Western Europe under the supreme authority of the pope was destroyed.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761562628___3/Reformation.html (2731 words)

	MSN Encarta - Reformation
		In the Scandinavian countries the Reformation was accomplished peacefully as Lutheranism spread northward from Germany.
		The monarchical governments of Denmark and Sweden themselves sponsored the reform movement and broke completely with the papacy.
		In Sweden the brothers Olaus Petri and Laurentius Petri led the movement for the adoption of Lutheranism as the state religion.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562628_2/Reformation.html (1378 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iceland
		The seat of government and meeting-place of the legislative body (the Althing) with its two chambers, is Reykjavik, which is at the same time the capital of the country and the see of the Lutheran bishop; its population approximates 10,000.
		During the reigns of Christian III and his successors the ecclesiastical hierarchy in the island was dissolved, and Luther's teachings were forced upon the people, who were deprived of all their rights.
		These soon secured followers, particularly after King Christian III of Denmark and Norway declared himself for the Reformation and, for political and financial reasons, the latter especially, employed force to establish Lutheranism in his kingdom.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07615b.htm (4915 words)

	[No title]
		In 1536 King Christian III of Denmark-Norway announced an edict that prohibited any Roma access to the kingdoms and required any Roma residing in the kingdoms to leave within three months.
		The Association to Counteract Vagabondism was transformed into the Vagabond Mission, a Christian organisation, which from 1907 was given responsibility for the settlement of Roma.
		Norway, and the rest of Scandinavia, were not the only places where racist ideas were transformed into practical politics.
	www.magasinet-monitor.net /english/4apr01.htm (1374 words)

	Denmark: Kings and Queens
		Christian IV, king of Denmark and Norway (1588–1648)
		Frederick IV, king of Denmark and Norway (1699–1730)
		Frederick VI, king of Denmark (1808–39) and Norway (1808–14)
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0775376.html (98 words)

	Danish history (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Queen Margrete of Norway and Denmark unites all the Nordic countries as a single kingdom, the Kalmar Union, under the under-age Eric of Pomerania, who is crowned in Kalmar 1397.
		Denmark adopts the "November Constitution" which aims to unite Slesvig (but not Holstein) with the Danish Kingdom and therefore is a violation of the peace treaty of 1851 in which Denmark had promised not to separate the two duchies.
		Denmark is probably the only country in the world that can produce an uninterrupted list of monarchs for more than thousand years.
	www.lysator.liu.se /nordic/scn/faq33.html (3509 words)

	Timeline Denmark
		959-987 Harald Bluetooth, or Harald Blatand, 10th-century king of Denmark, attributed to himself the unification of Denmark and the Christianization of the Danes.
		Denmark recognized the independence of Sweden in the Peace of Stettin.
		She was born Ingrid Victoria Sofie Louise Margaretha at the royal castle in Stockholm as the daughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf.
	timelines.ws /countries/DENMARK.HTML (4314 words)

	Christian III Of Denmark Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Looking For christian iii of denmark - Find christian iii of denmark and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Christian_III_of_Denmark (993 words)

	Frederick III, king of Denmark and Norway. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1609–70, king of Denmark and Norway (1648–70), son and successor of Christian IV.
		Denmark lost Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge to Sweden.
		Frederick was succeeded by his son, Christian V. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred3Den.html (217 words)

	1481 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		May 21 - Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway dies and is succeeded by his son John (1481-1513)
		July 1 - King Christian III of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (d.
		May 21 - King Christian I of Denmark and Norway (b.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=1481 (270 words)

	Christian III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Christian III, 1503–59, king of Denmark and Norway (1534–59).
		Christian II, and the minor nobility then forced the election of Christian III in 1534 to preserve Danish autonomy.
		Christian established (1536) Lutheranism in Denmark and imposed it on Norway.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0812085.html (275 words)

	1503 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Giuliano della Rovere becomes Pope Julius II succeeding Pope Pius III.
		August 12 - Christian III of Denmark and Norway (died 1559)
		Sophia Paleologue, wife of Ivan III of Russia
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/1/1503.htm (510 words)

	Copenhagen Portal - Roskilde Cathedral - Danish Kings and Queens burial place
		Sepulchral monument of King Christian III (King of Denmark and Norway 1539 - 1559) and Queen Dorothea placed in King Christian I's chapel.
		King Christian IV was King of Denmark and Norway 1588 - 1648.
		In 1846 the first railway connection was opened between Roskilde and Copenhagen and is proud of having the oldest Station building in Denmark.
	www.copenhagenet.dk /CPH-Roskilde.htm (454 words)

	Norway
		The style Norges rike (State of Norway) for the polity is a common expression, but becomes statutory only on 1 Feb 1942 with its appearance on the State Seal.
		It is cogently argued by the author of an authoritative study of the period that "by February 1 1942 Norway did not cease to be a Kingdom, however, since the Constitution of 1814 was still valid.
		These polities predate the unification of Kingdom of Norway (traditional date 872) and continue, either in dissidence or subordinate to either Norway or a "foreign" power (Denmark, Sweden).
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Norway.htm (3323 words)

	AllRefer.com - Denmark, Scandinavia (Scandinavian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Copenhagen is Denmark's capital, largest city, and chief industrial center.
		Frederick III, king of Denmark and Norway
		Frederick VI, king of Denmark and Norway
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/Denmark.html (211 words)

	Descendants of Christian V, King of Denmark+Norway (1646-1699) gen 4+5 of 10 gen
		Descendants of Christian V, King of Denmark+Norway (1646-1699) gen 4+5 of 10 gen
		Christian Kaas til Nedergaard, Admiral and Edele Sophie
		of Denmark and Norway 1808-1839 and Princess Marie von
	worldroots.com /foundation/royal/christian5denmarkdesc1646-2.htm (166 words)

	Denmark: Kings and Queens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Denmark: Queen Margrethe II (Countries of the World)
		Denmark's queen appoints diplomat new head of royal household (AP Worldstream)
		Drag Queen: Denmark's Queen Margrethe doesn't hesitate to smoke in public.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0775376.html (242 words)

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