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Topic: Christian Social Party (Austria)

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	Country Studies - Austria: Introduction
		In marked contrast to the social tensions of the interwar period, which culminated in a brief civil war in 1934, in the postwar era the representatives of agriculture, commerce, and labor were able to work together harmoniously for the benefit of all.
		Austria is expected to apply for observer status in the Western European Union (WEU) after it joins the EU and is likely to eventually become a member of this security organization.
		Austria's foreign policy makers maintain that there is no conflict between being a member of the WEU and maintaining the constitutional pledge of permanent neutrality, stating that it is Austria's right to interpret its neutrality.
	www.photoglobe.info /ebooks/austria/cstudies_austria_0011.html (5196 words)

	Christian Social Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Christian Social Party (CS) was an Austrian political party from 1893 to 1933 and is a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian People's Party.
		All Chancellors of Austria from 1920 were members of the Christian Social Party, and so was the president from 1928 to 1938.
		After the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany, the party was banned in March 1938 and ceased to exist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_Social_Party (391 words)

	Austria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In Upper and Lower Austria and in Burgenland, tillage agriculture predominates: the chief crops are potatoes, sugar beets, fruit, barley, rye, and oats.
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
		Austria was quickly ostracized by other EU nations because of the Freedom party’s participation in the government, and Haider—who had not joined the government—subsequently resigned as party leader.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Austria.html (3380 words)

	Background Info \| Austria Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Austria was left with control of the German Confederation but suffered upheaval during the 1848 revolutions and eventual defeat in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War.
		Austria began the 20th century in prosperity but its expansionist tendencies in the Balkans and its annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908 led to the assassination of the emperor's nephew in Sarajevo in June 1914.
		Austria went to the polls later in the year and a coalition government of the centre-left Social Democrats (SPO) and the conservative People's Party was formed in January 2007, with the SPO's Alfred Gusenbauer as chancellor.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/europe/austria/essential?a=culture (1249 words)

	Christlichsoziale Partei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In 1907 the Christian Social party ("German Christian Socialists" and Clericalists) won the elections to the Reichsrat as the strongest party of the house of representatives, yet was defeated after Lueger´s death (1910) in the elections of 1911.
		During World War I the party was loyal to the state authority; after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1918 it favoured the establishment of a republic and, for a time, annexation to Germany.
		Fatherland Front and the proclamation of the May Constitution, the Christian Social Party was dissolved in September 1934 and incorporated into the Fatherland Front.
	www.aeiou.at /aeiou.encyclop.c/c462745.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en (504 words)

	Christlichsoziale Partei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Christian Social Party, founded as a democratic party by K. Lueger 1893.
		In 1907 the Christian Social party ("German Christian Socialists" and Clericalists) won the elections to the Reichsrat as the strongest party of the house of representatives, yet was defeated after Lueger´s death (1910) in the elections of 1911.
		Fatherland Front and the proclamation of the May Constitution, the Christian Social Party was dissolved in September 1934 and incorporated into the Fatherland Front.
	aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at /aeiou.encyclop.c/c462745.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en (504 words)

	Quota Database
		SD adopted party quotas of 40% in 1983, and candidate quotas for local and regional elections in 1988 of 40% for both sexes.
		The Labour Party's introduction of all-female shortlists for 50% of vacant and winnable seats (1992) was overturned by an Industrial Tribunal in January 1996, which ruled in favor of rejected male candidates that the policy was against the "Sex Discrimination Act" of 1975.
		Party members have two votes - one for a woman and one for a man. The man and woman with the most votes is selected.
	www.quotaproject.org /systemParty_region.cfm?quotaSection=Europe (1357 words)

	Anschluss - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was assassinated by the illegal (since 1933) Austrian Nazi party on July 25, 1934 in an attempted coup, that finally failed.
		The predominance of the Christian Social Party (whose economic policies were based on the papal encyclical rerum novarum) was an Austrian phenomenon in that Austria's national identity had strong Catholic elements which were incorporated into the movement by way of clerical authoritarian tendencies which are certainly not to be found in Nazism.
		The Christian Social Party were complicit in the murder of large numbers of adherents of the decidedly left-wing Social Democratic Party by the police during the July Revolt of 1927.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=862 (2814 words)

	Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Jörg Haider's FPÖ emerged as the strongest party in the provinces of Salzburg and Carinthia, and a similar trend emerged in the elections to the municipal assembly of Vienna, which is the country's most important local council.
		In the 1930s the Christian Social Party's amalgamation of religious, economic, cultural and racial prejudice, together with its reluctance to introduce discriminatory measures against Jews, was at a disadvantage against Hitler's racial "antisemitism of reason" and the Nuremberg Laws.
		The Social Democratic Youth threatened to have the mayor of Wels removed by Partei-schiedsgerichtsverfahren (the appointment of a panel to decide if the tenets of the party have been broken) if he did not comply with their requests by the end of 1996.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/austria/austria.htm (5991 words)

	Die Österreichische Volkspartei
		The new party dissociated itself from its predecessor, the Christian Social Party, by its clear commitment to parliamentary democracy and the Austrian nation.
		The first party programme of 1945 ("15 Guiding Principles") was followed by the "Salzburg Programme" in 1972, which was completed by the "Manifesto for the Future" in 1985.
		The eco-social market economy, initiated by former Vice Chancellor and Party Chairman Josef Riegler in the 1980's, is based on the ecological principle of sustainability and is the economic system designed by ÖVP to meet the economic, social and ecological challenges of the future.
	www.oevp.at /index.aspx?pageid=5694 (596 words)

	September/October 2000 PT
		Haider was born in 1950, in upper Austria, studied law in Vienna and became the leader of the Freedom Party in 1986.
		Austria, a small country of eight million people, (less than the population of greater Los Angeles), is the seventh richest nation in the world per capita with unemployment among the lowest in Europe.
		Christians in the United States were among the most active and vocal opponents to the abolition of slavery and the civil rights legislation that followed 100 years later.
	www.ptm.org /00PT/SepOct/themOrUs.htm (3981 words)

	The threat of fascism in Austria
		The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) has half of the posts and the Deputy Chancellorship in its coalition with the conservative Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP), sworn in on February 4.
		The Social Democratic and People’s Party politicians who emerged from the camps or returned from exile accepted this distortion, to accelerate the shift of authority from the occupiers to Austrian institutions and to prevent an east-west partition as occurred in Germany when the Cold War set in.
		Austria, moreover, continues to participate in the multilateral forums and activities of the EU, particularly at the bureaucratic level.
	www.anu.edu.au /polsci/rick/fascism-austria.htm (5102 words)

	Culture of Austria - History and ethnic relations, Urbanism, architecture, and the use of space
		Christianity, which became the official religion of the Roman Empire, had become established in the region by the end of the fourth century.
		Austria is divided into nine provinces, Vorarlberg, Tirol, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Carinthia, Styria, Burgenland, Lower Austria, and Vienna, the capital city and a major river port on the Danube.
		Austria's status as a neutral nation was incorporated into the constitution by the Federal Constitutional Law on Neutrality of 26 October 1955.
	www.everyculture.com /A-Bo/Austria.html (6688 words)

	Country Studies - Austria: The Austrian People's Party
		Roughly 600 delegates from the provinces and the party's auxiliary organizations attend the conference, which elects the party chairman, the deputies, and the general secretary.
		As the party struggled with declining vote totals, many in the ÖVP concluded that his uncharismatic leadership style was a hindrance to a recovery at the polls.
		Mock withstood pressure for his ouster after the party's poor performance in the national election of 1986, and his stature temporarily increased when he became vice chancellor and foreign minister in the coalition government formed in early 1987 with the SPÖ.
	www.photoglobe.info /ebooks/austria/cstudies_austria_0138.html (1149 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Austria's constitutional law comprises the Federal Constitution, in the strict sense of the term, a multitude of constitutional acts and state treaties.
		Austria is involved in international matters at different levels: after the signing of the State Treaty in May 1955, and the decision in favour of permanent neutrality, Austria joined the UN at the end of 1955, and the Council of Europe in 1956.
		Austria's international role in the nineties is also attested to by other events: membership of the UN Security Council in 1991/92, coincided with the Gulf War and the incipient conflict in Yugoslavia.
	www.austria.org /political.shtml (9406 words)

	Quota Database
		The party was not represented in 1999 and 2003.
		The party was not represented in the parliament 1999 and 2003.
		The Liberal Democracy Party has also implemented a 33% quota for both sexes on the party lists for local elections, but the requirement is looser as the provision says that the party shall ensure this share as a rule.
	www.quotaproject.org /systemParty.cfm (3017 words)

	H-Net Review: Nancy M. Wingfield on Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, ...
		Boyer's Christian Social Party is one of apparent contradiction, a bourgeois protest movement that was "both radically emancipatory and decisively conservative," representing both "archaism and modernity, history and progress" (pp.
		Christian Social cabinet influence reached its zenith from 1907 to 1911, as the party became the largest faction in parliament with ninety-six deputies.
		The Christian Social wartime mayor of Vienna, Richard Weiskirchner, was unable to redress the effects of material deprivation and outright hunger on the civilian population of Vienna.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=29794851653186 (1311 words)

	Austria THE FIRST REPUBLIC - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Seventeen nationalist groups were unified in the Greater German People's Party (Grossdeutsche Volkspartei), commonly called the Nationals, which described itself as a "national-anti- Semitic, social libertarian party." The political heirs of the Liberals, the Nationals drew their support from the urban middle class and retained liberalism's strong anticlerical views.
		Although the Austrian party leader favored parliamentary participation and internal party democracy in contrast to Hitler's antiparliamentarianism and emphasis on the "leadership principle," the Austrian and German parties united in 1926 but maintained separate national organizations.
		The Social Democrats (members of the SDAP), were strong supporters of unification with Germany, their fervor declining only with the rise of the Nazi regime in the early 1930s.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/austria/austria_history_the_first_republic.html (771 words)

	The World at War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was a member of the conservative and clerically oriented Christian Social Party, the core of whose constituency came from Austria's conservative peasantry.
		He was severly criticized by the left (Social Democrats) and the right (Nationalists) for this and he responded by drifting toward as increasingly authoritarian regime.
		In February 1934 paramilitary formations loyal to the chancellor crushed Austria's Social Democrats in bloody encounters in and around Vienna known as the Austrian Civil War.
	worldatwar.net /biography/d/dollfuss (372 words)

	Austria, the Jews, and Anti-Semitism: Ambivalence and Ambiguity - An Interview with Karl Pfeifer
		Austria has made a major effort to suppress the memories of its institutional and popular behavior during the war.
		The EU normalized relations with Austria after a report in September 2000 of the 'three wise men' it had appointed to investigate the Austrian situation on its behalf.
		It said that Austria was the 'first victim of Nazi aggression.' Austria claimed it did not exist from 1938 to 1945; therefore it could not be responsible for what happened to its Jewish citizens; for that only the Germans had to bear the burden.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-15.htm (3877 words)

	Interwar Austria
		Austria received the contiguous German or German-dominated territories of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Tirol (north of the Brenner Pass), Salzburg, and Vorarlberg, as well as a slice of western Hungary that became the province of Burgenland.
		The SDAP goal was an Austria united with a socialist Germany, and the party's inflammatory Marxist rhetoric caused the other parties to fear that the SDAP could not be trusted to maintain democratic institutions if it ever achieved a parliamentary majority.
		Otto Bauer, leader of the SDAP, kept the party in self-imposed isolation after the collapse of the initial SDAP-CSP coalition in the belief that the natural role for a socialist party in a bourgeois democracy was opposition.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Austria.html (3654 words)

	Social Democrats Defeat Governing Party in Austria - New York Times
		While analysts had expected the People’s Party to lose ground, the size of the loss was a surprise, and a stinging reversal for Mr.
		A party official, Harald Vilimsky, said the campaign tapped into the frustration of many Viennese, who find that their German-speaking children are a minority in the public schools.
		The two major parties may be forced into a grand coalition, since the extreme right parties have discouraged talk of a coalition with the People’s Party.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/10/02/world/europe/02austria.html?ex=1317441600&en=d8ec66ea5eb67eab&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all (914 words)

	Howard Richards, Peace and Global Justice Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Social democracy was a contender in Austrian politics, and master of the municipal government of "Red Vienna" from 1919 until 1934.
		Today Austria's social democracy with its welfare state and its deeply-embedded tendencies toward consensus seeking and power sharing still exists, even though it is on the defensive, fading, and perhaps fading away.
		Social partnership was and is intended to moderate the main conflict of modem society: the conflict between business and labor, between employers and employees.
	www.howardri.org /dilemmas_9_introduction.htm (8782 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Popper’s identification of traditional Tribal Unity with the horrors of National Socialism led him to advocate ways of identifying good social science methodology with his own account of good natural science methodology, and both with modernity and democracy and whatever else is good.
		The nineteenth-century political party known as the Christian Socials strongly criticized laissez-faire capitalism and advocated municipal socialism and the creation of a welfare state in which the working class would thrive.
		Social scientists in their respective fields took up the notion of an "Austrian Model." Within economics, J.R. Hicks is largely responsible for the concept of an "Austrian Model" or "Austrian Way" to be held up as an example to be replicated.
	www.howardri.org /dilemmas9.htm (10376 words)

	Planning a birthday party for your one year old
		Her social network will be small and intimate and that's how she likes it.
		Loud bangs from party poppers and bursting balloons may frighten your baby, and discarded poppers and balloons are a serious choking hazard at this age, so leave them till next year.
		Party bags are really superfluous at this age, and the usual goodies like sweets and balloons are downright dangerous.
	www.babycentre.co.uk /baby/traditions/1yrpartyguide (1199 words)

	The JAFI Austria Watch Web Site
		The Austrian People's Party was created in Vienna in 1945 by leaders of the former Christian Social Party (CSP).
		The founders of the OVP deliberately distanced the party from the Catholic Church, unlike its predecessor.
		After much debate, in 1965 the party adopted the Klagenfurt Manifesto, which referred to the OVP as an "open people's party" of the "new center." It stressed the importance of expanding economic welfare and educational opportunities for all social groups.
	www.jafi.org.il /austria/pp.htm (430 words)

	Party flags (Austria)
		In spite of its name, this party is not "liberal" in the usual sense of the word, but rather a right-populist party with a strong xenophobic undercurrent.
		Beside several smaller, rather insignificant parties, the KPÖ (Kommunistische Partei Österreichs / Communist Party of Austria), is rather active (and rich, by the way), although it was never really successful in elections.
		This seems to be the new party flag, as it shows the newer party logo in the canton of a red flag.
	www.fotw.us /flags/at}party.html (734 words)

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