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	Christian Wolff (philosopher) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wolff is also the creator of German as the language of scholarly instruction and research, although he published likewise in Latin, so that an international audience could, and did, read him.
		Wolff's professed ideal was to base theological truths on evidence of mathematical certitude, and strife with the Pietists broke out openly in 1721, when Wolff, on the occasion of laying down the office of pro-rector, delivered an oration "On the Practical Philosophy of the Chinese" (Eng.
		Wolff's philosophy has, until a reevaluation set in in the 1960s, often been held to be a common-sense adaptation or watering-down of the Leibnizian system; or, more friendlity, Wolff was said to have methodized and "reduced" to dogmatic form the thoughts of his great predecessor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher) (1407 words)

	Christian Wolff - Wikipedia
		Christian Freiherr von Wolff (in der Encyclopédie "Chrétien Wolf") (* 24.
		Wolff hatte auch maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die preußische Gesetzgebung.
		Wolff systematisierte zentrale Teile der Philosophie von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, er prägte auch das System des Rationalismus.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_Wolff (198 words)

	Christian Wolff (composer) - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff (born March 8, 1934) is an American composer of experimental classical music.
		Wolff was born in Nice in France, moving to the United States in 1941 and become an American citizen in 1946.
		Not to be confused with the German composer Hellmuth Christian Wolff (1906-1988).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /christian_wolff_(composer).htm (140 words)

	Christian Wolff
		Der deutsche Philosoph, Mathematiker und Logiker Christian Wolff wurde 1706 Professor in Halle, 1723 in Marburg und ab 1740 wieder in Halle.
		Christian Wolff untersuchte, ausgehend von Leibniz, Descartes und Spinoza, Fragen der Ontologie, Ethik und Logik.
		Wolff unterteilte die Logik in theoretische Logik, in der die Denkformen untersucht werden, und in praktische Logik, in der die Wahrheitskriterien untersucht werden.
	www.philosophenlexikon.de /wolff.htm (234 words)

	Christian Wolff (philosopher): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Christian Wolff (philosopher) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf) (January 24, 1679 - April 9, 1754), German philosopher and mathematician, the son of a tanner[?], was born at Breslau.
		For ten years Wolff was subjected to attack, until in a fit of exasperation he appealed to the court for protection.
		In 1740 Frederick William, who had already made overtures to Wolff to return, died suddenly, and one of the first acts of his successor, Frederick the Great, was to recall him to Halle.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ch/Christian-Wolff-(philosopher).html (1013 words)

	Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff said he’d be glad to, but it wasn’t really necessary, since the sounds of the environment were in no sense an interruption of those of the music’.
		Wolff’s scores of the 1960s make this interpenetration of the sounds of music and the environment an ever more intrinsic part of his work, a process that culminates in the Prose Collection (1968-9) where notes give way to words and orchestral instruments give way to sticks, stones and voices.
		Wolff’s tunes are fragmented, bent, stretched and buried, only occasionally appearing clearly on the surface, but always giving their particular flavour and texture to the music.
	www.hcmf.co.uk /composers/wolff.shtml (712 words)

	18th Century German Philosophy Prior to Kant
		In the second chapter Wolff sets out the two (Leibnizian) principles governing his philosophical thought: the principle of contradiction (“something cannot both be and not be at the same time” §10, 6) and the principle of sufficient reason (“everything that is must have a sufficient reason why it is” §30, 17).
		Wolff struggled with this possibility as much as Leibniz had done, and it is simply not clear that given their adherence to pre-established harmony, either one managed to resolve the conundrum on the ontological level.
		Whereas Wolff had conceived of the senses merely as providing the raw material for processing, a task performed by understanding and governed by the rules of logic, Baumgarten thought that the senses had their own rules and their own perfection, rules and perfection that differ from logical rules and the knowledge generated by logical processing.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/18thGerman-preKant (6136 words)

	Christian Wolff (philosopher) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff is also the creator of as the language of scholarly instruction and although he published likewise in Latin so an international audience could and did read A founding father of i.a.
		Wolff's professed ideal was to theological truths on evidence of mathematical certitude strife with the Pietists broke out openly 1721 when Wolff on the occasion of down the office of pro-rector delivered an "On the Practical Philosophy of the Chinese" tr.
		Wolff's moral principle is the of human perfection - seen realistically as kind of perfection the human person actually achieve in the world in which we It is perhaps the combination of Enlightenment and worldly realism that made Wolff so and popular as a teacher of future and businessmen.
	www.freeglossary.com /Christian_Wolf (1456 words)

	Christian Wolff
		A particular interest in Wolff's work has been to allow performers flexibility and ranges of freedom at the actual time of a piece's performance; to devise notations to make this practicable; to foster among both professional and lay players a spirit of liberating interdependence; and to draw material from traditions of popular political music.
		Wolff's music has been performed throughout the world, especially in Europe and the U.S. A number of pieces have been used by Merce Cunningham and his dance company; also the dancer Lucinda Childs.
		Christian Wolff has performed as an improviser with Takehisa Kosugi, Steve Lacy, Christian Marclay, Kui Dong and Larry Polansky.
	www.otherminds.org /shtml/Wolff.shtml (283 words)

	Christian von Wolff, Baron Biography / Biography of Christian von Wolff, Baron Biography Biography
		Christian von Wolff was born in Breslau, Silesia, on Jan. 24, 1679.
		Wolff then taught at the University of Marburg, where he continued to publish various sections of his unified and deductive system of all branches of human knowledge.
		Wolff was well acquainted with the major developments of modern science and philosophy.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-christian-von-wolff-baron (540 words)

	Christian Wolff - Complete Works for Violin and Piano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff's works for violin and piano were written for specific performers, with their sound and musical character in mind during the composition of the works.
		From the 1950s to now, much of Christian Wolff's delicate and undemonstrative music has been fashioned as opportunities for variable interaction between the performers, who must make choices that affect their musical relationship as well as shape the composition itself.
		Mode's Christian Wolff edition has now reached Volume 5, though Complete Works for Violin and Piano sounds rather grand considering there are, in fact, only two of them: 1961's "Duo for Violinist and Pianist" and 1999's "Pebbles".
	www.mode.com /catalog/126wolff.html (570 words)

	Ostrava Days 2001 - Transcript of Christian Wolff Seminar
		Christian Wolff: [talking about his orchestra piece John, David] So, what I have here are numbers from 1 to 80, which are the result of chance procedures.
		Wolff: I think, listening to this third-generation copy of the recording, it's a little worse than it is actually on the original record.
		Wolff: [Laughs] Everything is possible then, but I decided to do this piece for a professional orchestra, rather than for a group like the Scratch Orchestra.
	www.ocnmh.cz /days2001_transkript_wolff.htm (7480 words)

	Christian WOLFF
		Christian Wolff can be considered to be one of the rare and small group of composers giving serious consideration to the inner politics of the ensembles wherefor he writes.
		Christian Wolff was born on 08.03.1934 in Nice (France).
		Paragraph 6 however can be performed by smaller groups and shares the same considerations for musical democracy as can be found in the Christian Wolff pieces. In the mid seventies the composers had close contacts and collaborated in what was then called the 'Scratch Orchestra'.
	www.logosfoundation.org /kursus/Avero-prognotes.html (635 words)

	AllRefer.com - Christian von Wolff (Philosophy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Wolff studied at Jena and taught at Leipzig before going to a professorship at Halle (1706–23).
		One of Wolff's major works was VernUnftige Gedanken von Gott, der Welt, und der Seele der Menschen [rational thoughts on God, the world, and the souls of men] (1719).
		He is chiefly remembered for his broad concept of philosophy, his insistence on clarity and precision, and his devotion to the power of reason and mathematics.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Wolff.html (272 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: W: Wolff, Christian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff · cached · Section on the thinker, from Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy.
		First International Christian Wolff Conference · cached · Basic information on this scholarly meeting, to be held in Halle, Germany.
		Biography.com: Wolff, Christian, Freiherr von · Concise paragraph on this influential scholar of the German Enlightenment.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=1165631 (102 words)

	Wolff, Christian Music Web Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Ensemble Sospeso - Christian Wolff - The world premiere of the composer's Exercise 28 at the July 19 Lincoln Center Festival 2000 theremin concert with grand thereminist Lydia Kavina.
		Christian Wolff - Includes short biography, musical excerpts, and list of music from Other Minds.
		Wolff, Christian There is a coherent plan in the universe, though I don't know what it's a plan for.
	searchmusicnetwork.com /Composition_Composers_W_Wolff,_Christian.html (1774 words)

	The Galileo Project
		The father, also Christian Wolff, was a tanner, a man of intellectual ambitions which had been denied by the material conditions of his life.
		Louis XV sent Wolff the two sumptuously printed volumes of the catalogue of the royal library, a gift reserved for the monarchs of Europe and for the most outstanding men of learning.
		Schrader, "Wolff," Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, 44 (Leipzig, 1898), 12-32.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/wolff.html (941 words)

	Catalog by Artist:Christian Wolff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff (born 1934 in Nice, France, living in the United States since 1941) holds a doctorate in classics from Harvard, where he taught until 1970.
		Wolff described his current concerns in the following manner: "To turn the making of music into a collaborative and transforming activity (performer into composer into listener into composer into performer, etc.), the cooperative character of the activity to the exact source of the music.
		Presently Wolff lives as an independent composer in New England, commuting between Hanover, New Hampshire and Royalton, Vermont and he will be a lector-composer at Ostrava Days 2003 Institute and Festival.
	www.lovely.com /artists/a-wolff.html (251 words)

	Directory - Arts: Music: Composition: Composers: W: Wolff, Christian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Christian Wolff (1934-) was born in Nice, France.
		The Ensemble Sospeso - Christian Wolff · cached · The world premiere of the composer's Exercise 28 at the July 19 Lincoln Center Festival 2000 theremin concert with grand thereminist Lydia Kavina.
		Christian Wolff · iweb · cached · Includes short biography, musical excerpts, and list of music from Other Minds.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=341816 (128 words)

	Christian Wolff (1679-1754) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff was educated at the universities of Breslau, Jena, and Leibzig and was a pupil of the philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
		On the recommendation of Leibniz he was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Halle in 1707, but he was banished in 1723 as a result of theological disputes with Pietists, who were followers of the German movement for an increase of piety in Lutheran churches.
		Wolff emphasized that every occurrence must have an adequate reason for happening or there arises the impossible alternative that something might come out of nothing.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Wolff/Wolff.html (280 words)

	Existence - First Part: Origins and definitions
		The law of causation, as we ordinarily understand it, is for Wolff only a special form of the law of sufficient reason, pertinent to temporal, changeable things and their states (§ 71).
		From these principles Wolff proceeds to the consideration of the metaphysical modalities, of which the most fundamental is the possible, the negation of the self-contradictory, or logically impossible.
		Wolff goes on to draw the distinctions of essential features and attributes, on the one hand, which always must belong to an entity, and its modes, on the other hand, which are merely the characters that it can have and also can not have.
	www.formalontology.it /existence.htm (5843 words)

	Christian Wolff (composer) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff was born in Nice in France, moving tothe United States in 1941 and become an American citizen in 1946.
		He studied classics at Harvard University and upon graduating took up a teaching post there which he kept until 1970 whenhe began to teach classics and music at Dartmouth College.
		While at Harvard, Wolff associated himself with the composer John Cage and thegroup around him (Earle Brown, Morton Feldman).
	www.therfcc.org /christian-wolff-composer--133067.html (144 words)

	Art of the States: Christian Wolff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since the early 1970's Wolff, like his former Harvard classmate Frederic Rzewski, has also written music of a political nature.
		Wolff was born in Nice, France, and has lived in the United States since 1941.
		Awards Wolff has received include those from the American Academy and National Institute for Arts and Letters, Asian Cultural Council, DAAD Berlin, and the John Cage Award for Music.
	www.artofthestates.org /cgi-bin/compbio.pl?compname=wolffchristian (235 words)

	Christian WOLFF
		Wolff werd met diverse prijzen en kompositieopdrachten bedracht, o.m.
		Wolffs muziek is ontdaan van elke 'boodschap', van elke notie van doelgerichtheid en klimax.
		Hij verlangt dat zijn muziek 'een gevoel voor de heersende politieke situatie kan opwekken, en een gevoel voor hoe het politieke klimaat zou kunnen worden veranderd in de richting van een demokratisch socialisme".
	www.logosfoundation.org /kursus/9502.html (983 words)

	Christian Wolff - (Re):Making Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The scores presented on this 2-CD set cover 37 years of Christian Wolff's composing, and present many different musical surfaces and syntaxes.
		Since the 1970's, Wolff has chosen songs from the political protest movement as starting material for many of his works.
		Wolff's (Re):Making Music suggests the folk music of the future, as if musicians got together and gleefully intermingled Cape Breton fiddling, protest songs ("Stop Using Uranium"), Irish reels, and astringent atonal snatches of 1950s punktmusik.
	www.mode.com /catalog/133_134wolff.html (324 words)

	Wolff, Christian, Freiherr von -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff also spelled Wolf philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who worked in many subjects but who is best known as the German spokesman of the Enlightenment, the 18th-century philosophical movement characterized by Rationalism.
		Wolff was educated at the universities of Breslau, Jena, and Leipzig and was a pupil of…
		U.S. jazz musician Charlie Christian was one of the first guitarists to produce improvised pieces using electrically amplified equipment.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=79419 (715 words)

	Christian Wolff - Tilbury Pieces (complete) Snowdrop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At 65-years old in 1999, Christian Wolff is enjoying a renewed interest in his work, with many performances of his music worldwide.
		Christian Wolff, Tilbury 1-5, Snowdrop, Dimitrios Polisoidis, violin/viola, Roland Dahinden, trombone/melodica, Hildegard Kleeb, piano (Mode 74)
		Whereas his contemporaries Cage, Young, and Feldman began to work on ever larger canvases, it is Christian Wolff whose work remains closest to the spirit of the early 1950s, a time when the term 'minimalism' still meant, in the composer's own words, 'setting drastic limits on one's material'.
	www.mode.com /catalog/074wolff.html (760 words)

	Christian Wolff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Academisch studeerde hij vergelijkende klassieke literatuurwetenschappen in Harvard en doceerde daar klassieke literatuur tot hij in 1971 les gaf in vergelijkende literatuurwetenschappen en muziek in Dartmouth College (Hanover, New Hampshire).
		Wolff liet een grote flexibiliteit toe aan de uitvoerders op het moment van de uitvoering van een compositie.
		Aangezien de uitvoering van Wolffs werken relatief schaars is (de dansopvoeringen van Merce Cunningham niet meegerekend) en opnames nog zeldzamer zijn is dit een goede aanrader als inleiding tot het erfgoed van de New Yorkse muziek.
	studwww.rug.ac.be /~jnclaeys/Wolff.htm (307 words)

	Christian Wolff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wolff attempted to systematize Leibniz's philosophy, the product becoming the predominant philosophy in Germany during Kant's formative years.
		Kant stated in the Preface to the second edition of the Critique that Wolff had precribed the correct method for metaphysics: "orderly establishment of principles, clear determination of concepts, insistence upon strictness of proof, and avoidance of venturesome, non-consecutive steps in our inferences" (Bxxxvii).
		But though methodologically sound, Wolff had neglected to prepare the ground for his demonstrations by undertaking a critique of the organ of metaphysics, pure reason.
	www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu /mattey/kant/WOLFF.HTM (672 words)

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