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	Encyclopedia: Christian Wolff (composer)
		Christianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers.
		Christian denominations A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body, organization under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine.
		Christian movements Christian movements are theological, political, or philosophical intepretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Christian-Wolff-(composer) (555 words)

	www.jazzweekly.com \| Reviews
		The second disc adds the composer himself on piano for four numbers as well as extending the mix with the percussion of another AMMer, Eddie Prévost, for the lengthy "Trio II." Wolff's work has always been characterized with a very limited number of pitches and over the years his notation has become simpler.
		Like many modern composers he has frequently had to face the charge that his sounds are cold and uninviting, something experimental pianists on the jazz/improv side of the fence have had to put up with as well.
		Wolff's relationship with AMM is such because its three members have confidence that when he works with them their aesthetic is respected.
	www.jazzweekly.com /reviews/cwolff_early.htm (866 words)

	Notes
		The composers of two of the works to be performed tonight have, sometimes for quite extensive sections of their pieces, chosen not to indicate such parameters as rhythm, pitch, loudness, and even the instruments on which the music is to be played.
		The composer was (again, hopefully) a genius whose arrangement and control of all of the different parameters of sound formed what was presented to us as a work of art in its most prestigious sense: a positive creative act that was a lasting expression of the human condition.
		For Wolff it was important to place the performer in a role of ‘parliamentary participation,’ and his use of a political metaphor was no accident, as he believed the role undermined the potentially dictatorial function of the composer.
	members.optusnet.com.au /hoopermusic/plasticatlas/notes.html (2358 words)

	CHRISTIAN WOLFF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf) (January 24, 1679 - April 9, 1754), German philosopher and mathematician, the son of a tanner, was born at Breslau.
		Wolff's professed ideal was to base theological truths on evidence of mathematical certitude, and strife with the Pietists broke out openly in 1721, when Wolff, on the occasion of laying down the office of pro-rector, delivered an oration "On the Practical Philosophy of the Chinese" (Eng.
		For ten years Wolff was subjected to attack, until in a fit of exasperation he appealed to the court for protection.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/CHRISTIAN+WOLFF (1155 words)

	Biography - Christian Wolff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Christian Wolff (born 1934 in Nice, France, living in the United States since 1941) holds a doctorate in classics from Harvard, where he taught until 1970.
		Wolff described his current concerns in the following manner: "To turn the making of music into a collaborative and transforming activity (performer into composer into listener into composer into performer, etc.), the cooperative character of the activity to the exact source of the music.
		In 1995 Petr Kotik commissioned Wolff to compose Spring, which was performed by The Orchestra of the S.E.M. Ensemble in New York and Europe.
	www.ocnmh.cz /biographies_wolff.htm (480 words)

	Amazon.com: Christian Wolff: (Re:) Making Music - Works 1962-99: Music: Judith van Swaay,John Anderson,Christian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Christian Wolff's turn to a politics, Democratic socialism to be specific in the later Sixties, was logical move, a committed one, one that would prove to bear much fruit, with the ant-War rebellions on USA campuses and streets and in the major capitials of Europe, something we see again.
		For Wolff emerged from the New York John Cage mileau of creativity,where his music(the Fifties and Sixties) was process oriented allowing performative freedoms to the musician with graphic notations and minimal instructions with many times mixed musical results, however the results here(the aesthetic object) was not the only end of this music.
		Wolff's music we hear has a raw unfinished quality to it,somewhat like Chas Ives in concept and gesture, opaque much of the time with a plaintive simple melody sometimes emerging from the welter, the texture of things.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0001CCX7A/billyee (732 words)

	Bagatellen: Christian Wolff - Complete Works for Violin and Piano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Prior to 1999, the composer had written a single piece for violin and piano, one which came from the still smoldering embers of a fierce string of post-structuralist activity.
		The disc opens with a 36-minute performance of "Pebbles" (1999), which finds Wolff embracing the traditions of vertical and melodic structure in music (he seems to have all but turned his back on the purely experimental), even with a score that, on paper, sounds like a modern take on decades-old methods in game theory.
		Not surprisingly and however transient in nature, Wolff's instructions leave room for the judgment of the perfomers, and the piano and violin stand together as unprepared stringed instruments, rather than apart for traits like size and timbral range.
	www.bagatellen.com /archives/reviews/000361.html (557 words)

	Christian WOLFF
		Christian Wolff can be considered to be one of the rare and small group of composers giving serious consideration to the inner politics of the ensembles wherefor he writes.
		Christian Wolff was born on 08.03.1934 in Nice (France).
		Paragraph 6 however can be performed by smaller groups and shares the same considerations for musical democracy as can be found in the Christian Wolff pieces. In the mid seventies the composers had close contacts and collaborated in what was then called the 'Scratch Orchestra'.
	www.logosfoundation.org /kursus/Avero-prognotes.html (635 words)

	Ostrava Days 2003 - Christian Wolff Seminar
		To be a composer, in and of itself, was not a career.
		A well-known composer at the time, and a composer who should be better known, was an English composer named Cornelius Cardew—unfortunately, he was killed in an accident in his late forties.
		Renaissance composers frequently used popular songs as the basis of a mass, as the cantus firmus.
	www.ocnmh.cz /days2003_lectures_wolff.htm (9159 words)

	Open Directory - Arts:Music:Composition:Composers:W (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scots composer William Wallace was born in Greenock in 1860 and studied medicine at his father's insistence.
		A cousin of Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Gottfried Walther (1684-1748) was organist, composer, theorist, and lexicographer, publishing the first comprehensive dictionary of music and musicians and a piece on the tuition of organists.
		British composer of orchestral and chamber music as well as opera and film music William Walton (1902-1983) was knighted in 1951.
	dmoz.org /Arts/Music/Composition/Composers/W/desc.html (1991 words)

	douglas irving repetto
		In January they were joined by idiosyncratic Australian poet Chris Mann, and in April by composer and improviser Christian Wolff playing piano, bass, percussion and melodica.
		We know of composers Christian Wolff and Larry Polansky from their numerous releases throughout the years, as well as Mr.
		Wolff's association with John Cage, AMM and Christian Marclay.
	www.music.columbia.edu /~douglas/portfolio/trios/reviews.shtml (868 words)

	Morton Feldman: The Rotko Chapel, For Stephan Wolpe, Christian Wolff in Cambridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Morton Feldman: The Rotko Chapel, For Stephan Wolpe, Christian Wolff in Cambridge
		Despite composition lessons with composers as diverse as Wallingford Riegger and Stefan Wolpe, Feldman’s muse did not begin to blossom until he met John Cage in 1949.
		Christian Wolff in Cambridge is a short work from Feldman's earlier period in the 60s.
	www.textkit.com /0_B00006JR0C.html (613 words)

	Amazon.com: Christian Wolff: Look She Said (Complete Works for Bass): Music: Christian Wolff,Robert Black,Robin Lorentz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolff gets both lifeworlds of content, that of struggle, of pain, yet immersed in life's challenges of being a slave,of hope.
		With Wolff turn to Democratic Socialism as many composers turning to radical forms of politics,and means of expression in the late Sixties Wolff always thought of his music as an educative function,something leftover as well from his earlier creativity situated within the Cage mileau of purposeless purpose.
		But Wolff here is interested in the fragmented moment,and the graphic interface and topologies of what is on the page, rather than what is actually heard.This fragmentariness to my ears grows somewhat thin musically very quickly.At one point there is a stupid call and response area.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/ASIN/B000068QWD/billyee (1113 words)

	Morton Feldman - For Christian Wolff (1986): Reviews, Track Listing, Audio Clips, and more \|\|\| Music.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Basically, there weren't any; all of his late music, of which "For Christian Wolff" (written for another member of Feldman's circle, the composer by the same name) is a prime example.
		Almost three and a half hours in duration, the work is composed in 12 movements, where one ends and another begins is anybody's guess.
		There is plenty of room for listeners to roam around inside "For Christian Wolff," specifically, because for the performers there is no room for variation from this demanding, unfolding of the score.
	music.com /release/for_christian_wolff_(1986)/1 (439 words)

	University at Buffalo Libraries - Music - June in Buffalo 25th Anniversary Exhibit - First Festival, 1975
		For his first festival, it was natural for Feldman to invite three composers with whom he had been friends since 1950: John Cage, Earle Brown, and Christian Wolff.
		Success, then, was not to be based upon a precise re-creation of the composer's intent, but on the level of involvement of the performer and the listener.
		Christian Wolff was only sixteen years old when he began studying composition with John Cage in 1950.
	ublib.buffalo.edu /libraries/units/music/exhibits/june/first.html (1355 words)

	Gresser, Clemens (2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This can lead to a redefinition of the relationships between composer, performer and listener, thus changing the role of the musicians and asking for a different attitude on the part of listeners.
		It is shown that the four composers are less homogeneous in their aesthetic, their compositional approaches, and in their attempts to redefine the relationships between themselves and the performers of their work, than previously assumed.
		This research illustrates that, in spite of a common understanding that Brown, Cage, Feldman and Wolff experimented with traditional conceptions of art music, this does not mean that many works negate the traditional functions of composer, performer and listener.
	www.sun.rhbnc.ac.uk /Music/Archive/Disserts/gresser.html (293 words)

	Christian Wolff - Tilbury Pieces (complete) Snowdrop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At 65-years old in 1999, Christian Wolff is enjoying a renewed interest in his work, with many performances of his music worldwide.
		Christian Wolff, Tilbury 1-5, Snowdrop, Dimitrios Polisoidis, violin/viola, Roland Dahinden, trombone/melodica, Hildegard Kleeb, piano (Mode 74)
		Whereas his contemporaries Cage, Young, and Feldman began to work on ever larger canvases, it is Christian Wolff whose work remains closest to the spirit of the early 1950s, a time when the term 'minimalism' still meant, in the composer's own words, 'setting drastic limits on one's material'.
	www.mode.com /catalog/074wolff.html (760 words)

	Steed Cowart, composer [biography]
		Composer and conductor Steed Cowart is most interested in the progressive areas of new music, especially American experimental music.
		In fact, his first attempt at writing music was in response to an assignment from Johnson to his sixth-grade band to compose a solo to play for the class.
		At each juncture, there have been amazing composers, performers, and musical intellects -- either teachers, colleagues, students, or others -- far too numerous to name, who have made a deep and lasting impact on his artistic and personal life.
	users.rcn.com /scowart/test/biography.html (654 words)

	Christian Wolff (composer) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Christian Wolff (composer) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Christian Wolff (born March 8, 1934) is an American composer of experiemental classical music.
		Christian Wolff (composer), External links, 1934 births, 20th century classical composers, American composers and Experimental composers.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Christian_Wolff_%28composer%29 (195 words)

	Newsroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		She is also the world’s first professional toy pianist, and has inspired composers to create an adventurous new repertoire for her toy pianos.
		Composer Christian Wolff, an American born in France, came to the U.S. in 1941 and became associated with John Cage and other "New York School" composers.
		Almost entirely self-taught as a composer, he earned his Ph.D. from Harvard University, remaining as a teacher in the Classics department until 1970, when he was appointed professor of classics and music at Dartmouth College.
	www.ias.edu /Newsroom/announcements/Uploads/view.php?cmd=view&id=17 (779 words)

	TRIO (Christian Wolff, Larry Polansky, Kui Dong) plus... :: NetNewMusic :: New Music Now! The Contemporary Music Portal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Much of Wolff’s recent work involves the freedom of events for composer, performer, and listener; in fact, many of his traditionally scored pieces also have improvisational aspects.
		Christian Wolff holds a doctorate in classics from Harvard, where he taught until 1970.
		As a composer he is basically self-taught, although his association in the early 1950s with John Cage, David Tudor and Morton Feldman provided a background unmatched by any formal education.
	netnewmusic.net /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=336&mode=thread&order=0 (1089 words)

	Christian Wolff - (Re):Making Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The scores presented on this 2-CD set cover 37 years of Christian Wolff's composing, and present many different musical surfaces and syntaxes.
		Since the 1970's, Wolff has chosen songs from the political protest movement as starting material for many of his works.
		Wolff's (Re):Making Music suggests the folk music of the future, as if musicians got together and gleefully intermingled Cape Breton fiddling, protest songs ("Stop Using Uranium"), Irish reels, and astringent atonal snatches of 1950s punktmusik.
	www.mode.com /catalog/133_134wolff.html (324 words)

	Christian Wolff interview- Perfect Sound Forever
		Christian Wolff briefly studied under Cage but soon took up his own charge to create intricate systems for his pieces- rather than using standard notes, he would give the musicians symbols to guide them and let them interpret.
		Wolff was also distinctive with the political dimension to his work as he incorporated material from protest and folk songs.
		Composing is what you do at a table with paper and pencil and so forth.
	www.furious.com /perfect/christianwolff.html (2947 words)

	Christian Wolff MP3 Downloads - Christian Wolff Music Downloads - Christian Wolff Music Videos
		These first recordings of compositions by New York School composer Christian Wolff are perhaps the most contradictory of all the records and performances of his works.
		Wolff, among his NY School companions (which included John Cage, Earle Brown, Morton Feldman, and David Tudor), was the one man who advocated doing away with all notation and...
		The earliest work, "Edges," dates from 1968, and the last, "Peggy," is from 1993; in a span of 25 years, with a nearly complete change in his approach to composition, Christian Wolff has managed to have maintained an end result that finds freedom of sonority in all musical structures or lack thereof.
	www.mp3.com /albums/255489/summary.html (331 words)

	NewMusicbox
		And when I went up, I met this guy Jon Appleton and he knew about me as a composer and he said, "You know, if you come to Dartmouth, you really should be part of the music department too.
		FRANK J. You are largely a self-taught and an intuitive composer.
		It was a workshop; it was called Workshop in Experimental Music where I took anybody who wanted to come in, whether or not they had any background, and basically we spent the term figuring out what we could do and what kind of repertory we could make use of and we gave a concert.
	www.newmusicbox.org /printerfriendly.nmbx?id=1677 (1359 words)

	Art of the States: Trio III
		Wolff was born in Nice, France, and has lived in the United States since 1941.
		A mostly self-taught composer, he studied piano with Grete Sultan, composition briefly with John Cage, and classics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		Awards Wolff has received include those from the American Academy and National Institute for Arts and Letters, Asian Cultural Council, DAAD Berlin, and the John Cage Award for Music.
	www.artofthestates.org /cgi-bin/piece.pl?pid=214 (757 words)

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