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	Encyclopedia: Christian countercult movement
		The Christian countercult movement, also known as discernment ministries is the collective designation for many mostly unrelated ministries and individual Christians who oppose non-mainstream Christian and non-Christian religious groups, which they often call cults.
		Motivation for this movement is usually based in doctrinal and theological reasons, and it often with a missionary or apologetic purpose.
		The Christian countercult movement is a loosely knit effort made up primarily of Evangelical and fundamentalist Christians to resist viewpoints and organizations that they see as opposing what they view as the historic and orthodox Christian faith.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Christian-countercult-movement (686 words)

	Opposition to cults and new religious movements - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 1960s and early 1970s, middle-class youths started to follow new religious movements, such as the Children of God, the Unification Church, the Hare Krishnas, the Divine Light Mission, and Scientology, that were foreign to their families and often at odds with the traditional middle-class values and ideas.
		Since the 1970s, "countercult apologetics" has been in use, out of which the term Christian countercult movement developed, which actually does not designate a movement but a conglomerate of individuals and groups of very different background and scholarly level.
		As a result, it has been abandoned by the anti-cult movement in the USA, in favor of the voluntary, legal practice of exit counseling, which is, though, also a subject of controversy between sympathizers and critics of new religious movements regarding its basic assumptions and its relation to freedom of religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anti-cult_movement (4894 words)

	Fundamentalism - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fundamentalist movements are therefore founded upon the same religious principles as the larger group, but the fundamentalists more self-consciously attempt to build an entire approach to the modern world based on strict fidelity to those principles, to preserve a distinctness both of doctrine and of life.
		Fundamentalism is therefore a movement through which the adherents attempt to rescue religious identity from absorption into modern, Western culture, where this absorption appears to the enclave to have made irreversible progress in the wider religious community, necessitating the assertion of a separate identity based upon the fundamental or founding principles of the religion.
		Christian fundamentalists (major separate article) see their scripture, a combination of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, as both infallible and historically accurate.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /f/fu/fundamentalism.html (2163 words)

	Christian countercult movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christians have applied theological criteria to assess the teachings of non-orthodox movements throughout church history.
		Since at least the 1940s, the approach of traditional Christians was to apply the meaning of cult such that it included those religious groups who use other scriptures beside the Bible or have teachings and practices deviating from traditional Christian teachings and practices.
		The only existing umbrella organization within the countercult movement in the USA is the EMNR (Evangelical Ministries to New Religions) founded in 1982 which has the evangelical Lausanne Covenant as governing document and which stresses mission, scholarship, accountability and networking.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_countercult_movement (2072 words)

	Anti-cult movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term "anti-cult movement" was coined as part of the controversy surrounding religious cults.
		In the 1960s some young middle-class people in the USA started to follow new religious movements that were strange for their families and often at odds with the traditional middle-class values and ideas.
		Supporters of purported cults state that the term "anti-cult movement" is an attempt to create a grand conspiracy theory, which suggests that there is a vast, organized network of individuals and groups who are dedicated to wiping out these organizations solely because they are considered cults.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Anti-cult_movement (404 words)

	Cult Apologists : What you should know about cult defenders - religious cults, sects and movements
		Christians have a Biblical mandate to discern between truth and error; between orthodoxy and heresy.
		After summarizing his feelings on the results of a Christian response to NRMs, Melton concluded, ''Thus we have, by default, left the task to amateurish counter-cultists.''iv While we may be tempted to easily dismiss such criticism from a controversial figure in the sociological study of alternative religions, nevertheless, Melton raises a valid criticism.
		Christians and non-Christians alike have only to examine the fruit (albeit by different standards; one theological, the other sociological) produced by cult apologists to understand that there is little we can learn from them - other than how not to approach cults.
	www.apologeticsindex.org /c11.html (5785 words)

	Religious Movements Homepage: Cesnur_Cowan
		THE CHRISTIAN COUNTERCULT AND THE SOCIOLOGY OF HERESY
		Countercult books regularly include ex-member testimony, but that testimony is chosen and shaped by the author of the book to serve his or her particular needs, not the needs of the former member.
		In both secular anticult and Christian countercult domains, one common element in apostate testimony is the sense of social isolation members experience when they belonged to the group in question.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /cesnur/cowan.html (4103 words)

	Christian Countercult Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Christian countercult movement The Christian countercult movement is a loosely knit affiliation made primarily of Evangelical and fundamentalist...
		Christian countercult movement [Categories: New religious movements, Cults, Christian fundamentalism and evangelicalism, Charismatic and Pentecostal...
		The Christian countercult movement is a loosely knit affiliation made primarily of Evangelical and fundamentalist Christians to resist viewpoints and...
	www.poly-d.info /info/Christian-Countercult-Movement (182 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group : Bearing False Witness? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cowan considers the Christian countercult as a whole, locating it in sociological perspective as an entity distinct from the secular anti-cult.
		Through his analysis, the author argues that the primary purpose of the countercult movement is to reinforce and repair the Christian worldview when it appears threatened by the advent of alternative religious traditions.
		This unique analysis of the Christian countercult helps explain why conservative Christian responses to competing religious movements have taken the form that they have in addition to how those responses are carried out.
	www.greenwood.com /books/BookDetail_pf.asp?pf=0&dept_id=1&sku=C7459 (327 words)

	Concerned Christians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concerned Christians is an apocalyptic Christian group widely deemed to be a cult.
		They somewhat ironically began as an element of the Christian countercult movement.
		In the 1980s Monte Kim Miller formed the group with the intent to combat New Age cults and anti-Christian sentiment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concerned_Christians (187 words)

	Cornerstone Magazine - The Voice of Jesus People USA
		Within the evangelical countercult, Anton Hein is surely one of the most ardent proponents of the "cult apologist" concept, arguing repeatedly for its use on various Internet discussion fora, and butting heads over its utility with a number of his countercult colleagues.
		So, in the context of the evangelical countercult, it seems that one does not actually have to "defend cults" to be labeled a "cult apologist." Rather, in the manner of "the one who is not for us is against us," as a second indicator simply critiquing the critics is sufficient.
		While the evangelical Christian countercult has very little use for the brainwashing or thought control hypothesis, the secular anticult movement's deployment of "cult apologist" is almost exclusively concerned with maintaining either the viability of that hypothesis or the validity of ex-member testimony as part of its anecdotal mainstay.
	www.cornerstonemag.com /cart/txt/cowanSSR02.htm (3043 words)

	Apologia Report 6:17 2001
		Â Â Cowan sees "the organizational shake-up of the CRI [Christian Research Institute] after the death of Walter Martin in 1989" as one of the two main "processes [that] have led to recent expansion of the Countercult." The other "process" referred to is "the advent of the Internet." For Cowan's personal page see .
		They want to prove that orthodox Christianity is an artifact of early church politics and has nothing to do with what Jesus actually said or did.
		As you might suspect, Cook disregards "many evangelical and fundamentalist Christians who would be profoundly suspicious of [his] attempt to demonstrate commonal ties between Taoism and Christianity." Cook considers two unimpressive "key arguments" from conservatives.
	www.leaderu.com /apologia_report/archive/06/ar06-17.html (1254 words)

	Christian Countercult Movement: W.R. Martin
		Jan Karel van Baalen, his immediate predecessor in the countercult movement, as did his preparation for the task at hand.
		countercult think-tank he founded on 1 October 1960 and which has gone on to become arguably the largest organisation of its kind in the world.
		By cultism we mean the adherence to ["major," Martin 1980:11] doctrines which are pointedly contradictory to orthodox Christianity and which yet claim the distinction of either tracing their origin to orthodox sources or of being in essential harmony with those sources.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /cultsect/counter/martin.htm (4132 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Christian countercult movement
		Since at least the 1940s, the approach of orthodox or conservative or fundamentalist Christians was to apply the meaning of cult such that it included those religious groups whose bibles or practices deviated from the orthodox King James Bible and its interpretation by orthodox Christian teachers and practitioners.
		He has continued the work of Martin; he also speaks out against Oneness Pentecostalism, so-called Word of Faith ministries, and other movements that are sometimes thought of as in the Christian church.
		Walter Martin was the host of the Bible Answer Man radio broadcast and the president of the Christian Research Institute.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Counter-cult_(movement) (860 words)

	Sacred Tribes Journal
		Countercult apologetics has proven an attractive outlet for many lay people who have sought a ministry niche where they could develop skills and exercise their talents in service for Christ.
		Christians in these nations often uphold a high view of Scripture, and in the case of European history the church has a long and rich heritage.
		One distinguished pioneer of countercult apologetics was the Reformed theologian and pastor Jan Karel van Baalen (1890-1968).
	www.sacredtribes.com /issue1/apolog1.htm (10822 words)

	Douglas E. Cowan (Doug Cowan) vs. Christian countercult ministries - religious cults, sects and movements
		He sympathizes and co-operates with cult apologists, and spends much time and energy studying and criticizing Christian countercult ministries, many of which he believes misrepresent cults and sects ('new religious movements').
		Cowan's Phd dissertation on what he erroneously refers to as "the evangelical Christian countercult," "the Christian countercult," or simply, "the countercult" (1) was supervised by Prof.
		Currently, he is the Director and Editor-in-Chief of the Religious Movements Homepage Project, which was set up by the lateJeffrey K. Hadden (who during his lifetime was one of the more notorious cult apologists).
	www.apologeticsindex.org /c57.html (2144 words)

	CESNUR - TheBestLinks.com - Amsterdam, Brazil, Christian countercult movement, Italy, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was established in 1988 by a group of religious scholars from universities in Europe and the Americas, working in the field of new religious movements.
		CESNUR has been criticized by the Christian countercult movement and the anti-cult movement including some former members of purported cults.
		CESNUR rebut these criticisms by saying that most of the information supplied by anti-cult activists are mainly theoretical and anedoctal, mostly based on second-hand accounts by families of members, press-clippings and accounts of apostate ex-members who rationalize their past.
	www.thebestlinks.com /CESNUR.html (432 words)

	Counter Cult: Groothuis
		A campus minister for twelve years, and currently an associate professor of philosophy of religion and ethics at Denver Seminary, Groothuis was educated at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Oregon.
		The Christian view of things also seems to resemble a dualism: at least the world and God maybe called two 'substances'; neither one is the substance of the other.
		Groothuis' subjective construction of Christian reality, the arguments on which he relies to support that construction, and the zeal with which he challenges those who would threaten it are little different than other countercult apologists.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /cultsect/counter/groothius.htm (4162 words)

	Christian Countercult Movement: W.R. Martin
		Martin's approach, however, differed markedly from that of Jan Karel van Baalen, his immediate predecessor in the countercult movement, as did his preparation for the task at hand.
		Contention surrounding the legitimacy of Martin's academic credentials have long figured in the lore of the Christian Research Institute, the countercult think-tank he founded on 1 October 1960 and which has gone on to become arguably the largest organisation of its kind in the world.
		Apologist Norman Geisler: "Walter Martin's insightful mind, his forceful logic, and his dedication to orthodox Christianity were seldom, if ever, equaled in the field of contemporary cults." Gordon Lewis, professor of theology and apologetics at Dallas Seminary: "Walter Martin awakened the sleeping giant of the church to the deadly dangers of deceptive doctrines.
	c.faculty.umkc.edu /cowande/ccp/martin.htm (4060 words)

	Hank Hanegraaff - TheBestLinks.com - Bible, Christianity, California, Christian countercult movement, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He is the current president of the Irvine, California based Christian Research Institute (CRI) and host of the "Bible Answer Man" radio program, on which he discusses Christian apologetics and Biblical hermeneutics.
		Both the Christian Research Institute and the "Bible Answer Man" program were begun in 1960 by Hanegraaff's predecessor and CRI founder Walter R. Martin.
		Martin was the original author of Kingdom of the Cults, a comprehensive resource used by those who follow Christ in dealing with persons regarded as being in cults.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hank_Hanegraaff.html (245 words)

	The Christian Countercult Movement: Modern Personalities
		Raised in Nebraska and converted to evangelical Christianity at the age of nineteen, within a few years of his conversion Bob Larson was writing books on the "Hindu heresy" of the hippie subculture (Larson 1969), allegedly lecturing across North America on the evils of rock-and-roll music, and leading evangelistic crusades.
		As with Walter Martin, it is not immediately clear whether Larson's definition refers to Christians who have deviated in some way from "orthodox Christianity" or anyone whose beliefs differ in any way from Christian orthodoxy.
		Their most notable case was Mike Warnke, a Christian comedian whose routines included reference to his fictitious career as a pimp, drug dealer, Satanist high priest (in 1978, Warnke published an extremely successful book entitled The Satan Seller), as well as spurious experiences as a Marine Corps medic in Vietnam.
	c.faculty.umkc.edu /cowande/ccp/larson.htm (4172 words)

	Mind control - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the anti-cult movement and Christian countercult movement mind control has the meaning of strong influence acquired and maintained by manipulation.
		A few rare researchers consider the idea that "cult"s are brainwashing American youth to be absurd.
		Such serendipity and coordination was implausible given the diverse backgrounds of the groups at issue.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mind_control (1985 words)

	Christian countercult movement
		Apologetics Index Huge collection of research resources on religious cults, sects, world religions, doctrines, and related issues.
		While operated from an evangelical Christian perspective, the entries also include links to material from a variety of viewpoints.
		The Anti-Cult Movement Essay on the counter-cult movements.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/christian_countercult_movement (685 words)

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