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Topic: Christian martyrs

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Martyr
		Christian senators, knights, and even the ladies of their families, were also affected by an order to offer sacrifice under penalty of confiscation of their goods and reduction to plebeian rank.
		Christian slaves and freedmen of the emperor's household also were punished by confiscation of their possessions and reduction to the lowest ranks of slavery.
		Justin Martyr, who owed his conversion largely to the heroic example of Christians suffering for their faith, incidentally gives a glimpse of the danger of professing Christianity in the middle of the second century, in the reign of so good an emperor as Antoninus Pius (138-61).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09736b.htm (4197 words)

	Tortures and Torments of the Christian Martyrs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Martyr whose hand is filled with incense mingled with live coals, and who being constrained by the pain to scatter the incense, is said to have made sacrifice to the idol.
		Martyr suspended by one foot; one leg is bent at the knee, which is constricted by means of an iron ring, the other being weighted with a heavy mass of iron.
		Martyr whose limbs are interwoven in the spokes of a wheel, on which he is left exposed for days, till he dies.
	www.wps.com /about-WPS/personal/christian.org/christian-torture/1.html (2487 words)

	Christian martyrs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Christian martyr is one who chooses to die, usually by means of a cruel or tortured means like stoning, crucifixion, beheading, etc., instead of renouncing a core principle or belief about their Christian faith.
		The first Christian martyr was Saint Stephen as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles (6:8-8:3) who was stoned to death for his faith.
		Stephen was killed (i.e., martyred) for his support, belief and faith in Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_martyrs (391 words)

	Amazon.ca: The New Encyclopedia of Christian Martyrs: Books: Mark Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Water has written a brief introduction to Christian martyrology and early church sources on martyrdom, which is followed by the biographies of the martyrs.
		This reasonably comprehensive catalog of Christian martyrs is not strictly a scholarly work but rather a hagiographical review aimed at inspiring modern Christians to hold fast to the convictions that strengthened the martyrs.
		Contents are arranged chronologically and divided into five parts: Bible martyrs, martyrs under the Roman Empire, martyrs from the fifth to the fifteenth centuries, martyrs from the Reformation era, and martyrs from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries.
	www.amazon.ca /New-Encyclopedia-Christian-Martyrs/dp/0801012252 (1039 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Acts of the Martyrs
		In a strict sense the Acts of the Martyrs are the official records of the trials of early Christian martyrs made by the notaries of the court.
		The writers of the Middle Ages are responsible for a very large element of the fictitious in the stories of the martyrs; they did not even make a proper use of the material they had at their disposal.
		Christian Rome had her martyrs beneath her feet, and celebrated their memory with intense devotion, and yet she knew but little of their history.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09742b.htm (2151 words)

	Chapter 9: Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
		The role of the penance ritual in the Christian church was to provide the Christian guilty of committing a heinous sin with a way of restoring the spiritual purity of the newly baptized.
		The change in religiosity from a Christian bureaucrat who must have espoused the most "ecumenical" attitudes towards the Muslims to have risen as high as he did in government service, to a monk who would have quite naturally equated Andalusian Islamic society with the world that he had rejected, was a radical one.
		And had there not been Christians such as these, who were ready to try anything to relieve the fear that all of their efforts at securing their salvation might be in vain, Isaac would have been an isolated victim of the Islamic proscriptions against blasphemy.
	libro.uca.edu /martyrs/cm9.htm (5842 words)

	Christian Martyrs
		No Christian group in North America or Europe seems to be concerned that Christians are being killed for their Christian faith in many Islamic countries.
		Reports that Christian schoolgirls in Indonesia were BEHEADED is a non-story or that a Christian minister had his face almost destroyed in an unsuccessful beheading.
		Christians have been killed in Nigeria, Morocco, Egypt, Sudan, Lebanon, the West Bank, Iraq, Pakistan, and many other Islamic countries solely because they are Christians.
	apoliticalnut.blogster.com /christian_martyrs.html (724 words)

	In Memory Of The 50 Million Victims Of The Orthodox Christian Holocaust
		The 75th anniversary of the Christian Holocaust was memorialized on 9 September 1997, the date in 1922 of the destruction of the city of Smyrna.
		The native inhabitants of Asia Minor, among the first to accept the message of Christianity, were later to be persecuted and uprooted from their lands because of that same faith.
		Christian clergy were a constant target of Turkish persecution, particularly once the 1894 policy of Armenian genocide had been declared by sultan Abdul Hamid.
	www.serfes.org /orthodox/memoryof.htm (4888 words)

	Christian martyrs in North Korea
		Christians were also at the forefront of the resistance against the Japanese occupation, that ended in 1945, and they helped lead the fight in the 1980s for democracy in their country.
		Eight Christians working in a prison smelting factory died instantly when molten iron was poured onto them, one by one, for refusing to deny their faith.
		But as the church father Tertullian…said at the dawn of Christianity: "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church." Vollertsen, whose reports have made him a legendary figure in Japan and South Korea, found out that as a result of this Communist campaign of persecution an underground church was growing rapidly.
	www.martinrothonline.com /MRCC35.htm (673 words)

	CADRE-Martyr Resources
		My aim in creating Christian Monitor was not only to inform others of the tragedy of modern martyrs, but it was also to inspire Christians to act on their behalf.
		The Voice of the Martyrs is a non-profit, interdenominational organization with a vision for aiding Christians around the world who are being persecuted for their faith in Christ, fulfilling the Great Commission, and educating the world about the ongoing persecution of Christians.
		The Voice of the Martyrs exists to serve the Persecuted Church through running to help those who suffer for their faith; remembering the families of today's Christian martyrs; rebuilding the Church's witness after persecution ends; reaching out in love to the persecutors; and raising a voice for those who cannot speak.
	www.christiancadre.org /topics/martyrs.html (1166 words)

	Crying Voice in the Wilderness - Christian Martyrs
		The Persecution of the Christian Churches by the Nazis
		Three centuries of fierce Roman opposition to Christianity: outline and extracts from the Church History of Eusebius of Caesarea.
		Augustine On the Persecutions of the Early Christians
	www.cryingvoice.com /Christian_martyrs (265 words)

	Holy Martyrs of Antinoopolis
		The Christian faith was suffering one of the bloodiest persecutions in its history.
		It is interesting to note that though many of the Christians were executed by beheading or by being shot through with arrows, some were executed by being drowned in the Nile.
		When he had imprisoned Christians for their confession of faith, one of them, named Apollonius, a reader of the Church, lost his courage at the sight of the instruments of torture, and thought how he might escape torments without denying Christ.
	www.antinopolis.org /martyrs.html (1337 words)

	Martyrs of Japan
		The Christian faith was first introduced into Japan in the sixteenth century by Jesuit and later by Franciscan missionaries.
		The Japanese martyrs became Christians as a result of the witness of Roman Catholic missionaries who first arrived in Japan with the Portugese in 1543.
		In 1597 Jesuits and Franciscans were taken prisoner in the capital (the Jesuits were released soon due to their connection with the court) and twenty-six Christians, Japanese and foreigners, were executed in Nagasaki, becoming the first martyrs in Japan.
	www.satucket.com /lectionary/Japan_martyrs.htm (701 words)

	Suffering & Persecution of Christians & the Persecuted Church - persecution.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Orthodox Christian volunteer workers say that beneath the surface of the Pope's four-day visit was a hard struggle with Turkish authorities.
		Christian Indian advocacy group held a massive prayer rally yesterday, calling on the government to restore the human rights of Dalit (untouchable) Christians.
		Christian mother and daughter who sought refuge from Muslim neighbor after the husband died have finally escaped from the nightmare of being tortured by their hosts for not converting to Islam.
	www.persecution.org (551 words)

	The Christian Catacombs of Rome - Finding out more
		It is a well-known and enduring characteristic of the Church of Christ: it is a Church of Martyrs.
		In fact the memorial, the remembrance of the martyr, is founded on the memorial of Christ, since the passion of the martyrs is a reliving of the sufferings of Christ Himself in His Death and Resurrection.
		And because Lucius nodded heartilyThe martyr declared that it was a grace for him, for he knew he was leaving the world of the wicked for the abode of the heavenly Father.
	www.catacombe.roma.it /en/ricerche/ricerca12.html (13177 words)

	Christian Martyrs
		Of all the superheroes and celebrities that have walked the earth throughout the centuries, one might not readily point to a Christian martyr as a special individual deserving of our listening ear or heartfelt respect.
		Prior to becoming a martyr, the persecuted typically live with a serious and headstrong desire to live the life Christ dictated and are not easily swayed from this heavenly call.
		Finally, though certainly not the least or last, a Christian martyr is filled with the very thing they are put to death for: dedication.
	www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org /christian-martyrs-faq.htm (452 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Martyrs of the modern era
		But with time, the term "martyr" has come to mean someone who, for their faith and beliefs, has suffered death at the hands of a persecutor.
		Among the martyrs represented in stone are: Saint Elizabeth of Russia, killed in Russia in 1918 by the Bolsheviks, Archbishop Oscar Romero, of El Salvador, and baptist preacher Martin Luther King, both of whom were assassinated.
		All of the modern martyrs spent their lives striving for a better world, but for some in particular, achieving this rested on total non-violence regardless of the might of their opposition.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/129587.stm (676 words)

	Christian Martyrs
		Only amazed that she still continued to breathe after her whole body was torn asunder and pierced, they gave their testimony that one single kind of the torture inflicted was of itself sufficient to destroy life, without resorting to so many and such excruciating sufferings as these.
		The Christians were tortured and martyred for several more days, "After all these, on the last day of the shows of gladiators, Blandina was again brought forth together with Ponticus, a youth about fifteen years old.
		The martyrs were not only courageous witnesses of the hope of the resurrection, but also soul winners whose faith, courage and intercession sometimes converted even their executioners.
	www.godswordtowomen.org /studies/womenhistory/martyrs.htm (1470 words)

	Tortures and Torments of the Christian Martyrs
		Sometimes the Blessed Martyrs, after being smeared with honey, were bound [naked] to stakes fixed in the ground, and so exposed to the rays of the sun, to be tortured by the stings of flies and bees.
		Martyr suspended by one foot; one leg is bent at the knee, which is constricted [...] [more...
		Martyr suspended by the hands, which are bound behind his back, and having the shoulders weighted with lumps of salt, a wooden gag being also forced into his mouth.
	www.fromoldbooks.org /Gallonio-TorturesAndTorments (592 words)

	FOXE's Book of Martyrs - Chapter 1 - History of Christian Martyrs to the First General Persecutions of Nero - at ...
		The next martyr we meet with, according to St. Luke, in the History of the Apsotles' Acts, was James the son of Zebedee, the elder brother of John, and a relative of our Lord; for his mother Salome was cousin-german to the Virgin Mary.
		He is supposed to have been converted to Christianity by Peter, whom he served as an amanuensis, and under whose inspection he wrote his Gospel in the Greek language.
		Was of Cyprus, but of Jewish descent, his death is supposed to have taken place about A.D. And yet, notwithstanding all these continual persecutions and horrible punishments, the Church daily increased, deeply rooted in the doctrine of the apostles and of men apostolical, and watered plentously with the blood of saints.
	www.biblestudy.org /bibleref/foxbkmrt/foxmartyr.html (1384 words)

	Modern Martrys Index Vol. 2
		Suspected Christians were expelled from the country or kept in prison, mistreated and tortured for up to five months.
		In December, a disagreement between a Christian shop owner and a Muslim street vendor escalated into sectarian violence in the town, where in 1998 over 1,200 Christians were arrested, tortured, and abused by local police.
		On January 2, 21 Christians were killed and 50 Christian homes and shops and a church were burned by a rampaging mob of 3,000 Muslims.
	www.gospelweb.net /modmartyrsindex2.htm (3195 words)

	Martyrs \| Person who Chooses to Die for Religious Principles \| Spiritual Persecution \| Voluntary Death for the Cause of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		...that this study of the early Christian martyrs may be useful for at least...SOCIAL CONTROL Although the Christian martyrs have been studied on the basis...particular...
		...15 The Martyrs of Gaul 239...17 Oriental Christianity 271...prayers of the martyrs.
		We hear...dedicated to local martyrs, of whom we know...interior was nominally Christian, and almost every...in honour of the martyrs...
	www.questia.com /library/religion/martyrs.jsp (727 words)

	Amazon.com: Foxe's Christian Martyrs of the World (Christian Library): Books: John Foxe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		International Christian News at ICC — Persecution.org offers news about Christian persecution around the world, and the opportunity to volunteer, sign petitions, make contributions and more.
		The book inspires Christians today to persevere in the face of adversity but is also valuable in a non-religious sense as a cross-cultural guide to understand the dominant political and military factions vying for power in John Foxe's time.
		Although Fox primarily intended this manuscript to inspire the Protestant Christian faithful, his writings serve as a testimony that betrays a political agenda designed to achieve political changes and record the sacrifices of faithful Christians and 'loyal' Englishmen.
	www.amazon.com /Foxes-Christian-Martyrs-World-Library/dp/080242872X (1905 words)

	Christian Martyrs - Sean Hannity Discussion
		Dietrich Bonhoeffer is considered a martyr for his faith; in the mid-1990s, the German Government officially absolved him of any "crimes" he might have committed pursuant to the positive law of the National Socialist regime.
		The theological and political reasons behind his shift from Christian pacifism, which he espoused in the mid-1930s, to participation in planning the assassination of Hitler are much debated.
		James the Great The next martyr we meet with, according to St. Luke, in the History of the Apsotles' Acts, was James the son of Zebedee, the elder brother of John, and a relative of our Lord; for his mother Salome was cousin-german to the Virgin Mary.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=72774 (4338 words)

	Christian Martyrs
		His deaths was a direct result of his preaching the Gospel and the faithful manner in which he exclaimed the glory of the Lord, even unto those betrayers and murders of Christ.
		It is said that over 2,000 Christians suffered persecution and death as a direct result of Stephen.
		The next martyr was James, the son of Zebedee, elder brother of John.
	www.embracehisgrace.com /Martyrs.htm (973 words)

	Today's Christian Martyrs
		The majority of today's Christian martyrs are nameless to the outside world.
		David and Linda are a striking exception to the average Christian today.
		Eighteen years ago these present-day martyrs left their home and church in Brooklyn, NY to minister the gospel of Y'shua to the Jews in Israel.
	www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org /todays-christian-martyrs-faq.htm (635 words)

	Christian CADRE--Answering Skeptics
		This page is devoted to directing interested persons to resources on topics related to Christianity and apologetics that are more narrowly focused than several of the general apologetics sites found on the homepage.
		All too often it is said that Christianity simply copied the "myth" of the dying and rising savior from one of many of the early mystery religions, like Egyptian myths, Osiris, etc. etc.
		Occasionally, someone will actually suggest that martydom is an invention of the church, i.e., that no one really died for the faith, but rather that the church invented tales of martyrs as a means of building up the faith through creating heroes (who never really were).
	www.christiancadre.org /Topics.html (1556 words)

	Early Christian Martyrs
		These Christians were put to death by heathen emperors, governors, and judges.
		Many of the first colonists in the United States were Christians seeking freedom of worship that they did not have in their homelands which had an official so-called "Christian" religion.
		Some Christians are guilty of ostracization and other psychological means to attack those who leave their churches.
	www.innvista.com /culture/religion/earlmart.htm (1706 words)

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